15 research outputs found
Divorces à l'irlandaise
No full textHug Chrystel. Divorces à l'irlandaise. In: Études irlandaises, Hors-Série 1997. L'Irlande : identités et modernité. pp. 107-124
Sans norme ni sanction : l'homosexualité dans un état postmoraliste
No full textIreland is discovering its gays. The Spring of 1994 saw several people «coming out», but public opinion was not particularly moved. Momentous socio-moral changes had just taken place : in 1993, queers' became legal ; in 1994 Ireland adopted the UN definition of the family, acknowledging the multiplicity of family types. From the only openly gay politician's campaigns to the latest changes in the law and public policy, this article retraces the legalisation of homosexuality in Ireland in a wider framework : the author argues that a new moral order has emerged in Ireland, whereby the individual's moral choice and subjective rights have won out in face of the Catholic Church's diktats. A tradition of tolerance and the legitimization of the « liberal agenda » have contributed to the emergence of a new identity : Irish and gay.Récemment affichée a l'échelle nationale, l'homosexualité d'un certain nombre de personnes et personnalités n'a pas provoqué l'émoi. Et cela à peine un an après la légalisation des rapports homosexuels, et au moment ou une nouvelle définition officielle de la famille, reconnaissant toutes les formes qu'elle peut prendre, rentre en vigueur sous l'égide des Nations Unies. Cet article se propose de retracer les grands moments de la campagne pour les droits civiques des homosexuels irlandais, tout en la replaçant dans son contexte. Nous ne sommes pas témoins de la faillite des valeurs, ni de la fin de la morale, mais de l'avènement d'une éthique minimale, sanctionnée par l'Etat, basée sur les droits fondamentaux des individus. Une longue tradition de tolérance et la légitimation d'un programme libéral ont favorisé l'émergence d'une nouvelle identité : homosexuel et irlandais.Hug Chrystel. Sans norme ni sanction : l'homosexualité dans un état postmoraliste. In: Études irlandaises, n°20-1, 1995. L'État en Irlande, sous la direction de Claude Fierobe et Emile-Jean Dumay. pp. 205-216
La campagne présidentielle irlandaise de 1997 : féminisme et nationalisme revisités
No full textIn March 1997, Mary Robinson let it be known she did not wish to renew her mandate, and on 12 September, she resigned, a few months before the end of her seven years in office. With the 1997 presidential campaign in the background, this article places Mary Robinson's presidency in its context and analyses what makes up the « Robinson factor ». This will allow for a better understanding of the 1997 campaign and the choices offered to the electors in the person of the five candidates. The national question, the abortion issue, the various degrees of « public intimacy » displayed by the candidates, the positioning and the « packaging » afforded to each and every one of them, combined together to form the ingredients of a very political campaign which tell us a lot about the state of the nation.En mars 1997, la Présidente Mary Robinson annonçait qu'elle ne souhaitait pas renouveler son mandat, et le 12 septembre elle démissionnait, quelques mois avant la fin de son septennat. Avec pour fond la campagne présidentielle de 1997, cet article replace la présidence de Mary Robinson dans son contexte et analyse ce qui compose « l'effet Robinson ». Une telle mise au point permet de mieux saisir la teneur de la campagne de 1997, et les choix offerts aux électeurs en la personne des cinq candidats. La question nationale, la question de l'avortement, les divers degrés d'« intimité publique » dont feront montre les protagonistes, le positionnement et le conditionnement accordés à chacun d'entre eux sont autant d'ingrédients d'une campagne très politisée qui nous en disent long sur l'état de la nation.Hug Chrystel. La campagne présidentielle irlandaise de 1997 : féminisme et nationalisme revisités. In: Études irlandaises, n°24-1, 1999. pp. 179-203
Ordre et désordre moral en République d'Irlande : de la morale de l'interdit à une moralité responsable
No full textThis article proposes to retrace the advent of a new moral order now in place in the Republic of Ireland. It replaces the old moral order imposed by the Catholic Church, in which Natural Law was all powerful and the common good had to prevail at the expense of people's conscience. Ireland is now a post-moralist State which puts forward the individual rights of its citizens before any allegiance to Catholic principles. The State has come to officially acknowledge the right to marital privacy, the right to remarry, the right to go abroad to avail of any medical service including a termination of pregnancy, and the right to live according to one's sexual orientation. In other words, the heterosexual indissoluble procreative family is not the norm anymore in the Republic, and diverse types of families have already emerged. Individuals can live their lives in conscience and develop their own values and norms without undermining the fabric of society. Such a development shows that Ireland has gone a long way in the process of ethical secularisation.Les notions d'ordre social, d'ordre moral, sont à nouveau brandies dans certaines de nos sociétés, à une époque où, en Irlande, les partisans de l'ordre moral ont perdu du terrain par rapport à ceux qui appelaient à l'avènement d'un ordre socio-moral fondé sur des prémisses radicalement différentes. Le titre même de cet article explicite cette évolution : Ordre et désordre moral en République d'Irlande - de la morale de l'interdit à une moralité responsable. Ou comment la République d'Irlande est passée, en 73 ans, d'une conception ouvertement catholique de la moralité sexuelle à une vision pluraliste de ce qui est permis dans ce domaine. Bien que de grands débats de société aient encore secoué l'Irlande très récemment sur des questions telles que l'avortement ou le divorce, il semble bien que la morale y prenne de nouvelles formes : elle ne semble plus être assujettie à la religion mais cherche à trouver un consensus minimum pour que tous puissent vivre ensemble. Nous avancerons donc ici que l'Irlande s'inscrit, de même que les autres sociétés occidentales, dans le cadre de la sécularisation éthique.Hug Chrystel. Ordre et désordre moral en République d'Irlande : de la morale de l'interdit à une moralité responsable. In: Études irlandaises, n°23-1, 1998. pp. 185-204
L’avortement en Irlande
No full textSujet tabou entre tous, l’avortement s’est retrouvé, dans les années quatre-vingt, au centre des débats. Il oppose âprement adversaires et partisans d’une loi sans nuances. Sur cette question, comme sur d’autres questions d’ordre moral, la réflexion de la société irlandaise semble avoir atteint une certaine maturité - maintenant que la logique de la loi a été poussée à son extrême. Cet article retrace les tribulations engendrées par cette question.From the ultimate taboo subject, abortion curiously became the most debated issue in the eighties. It fiercely opposes opponents and proponents of a cut and dried legislation. On this issue, as on other socio-moral issues, Irish society might be now coming of age - now that the logic of the law has been pushed to its extreme and back. This article retraces the trials and tribulations the issue has gone through
"Learned Chaucer" : The evolution of Chaucer's reputation as the author of A Treatise on the Astrolabe
No full textIn 1532, William Thynne printed the first edition of the complete works of Geoffrey Chaucer. It was also the first time his astronomical prose text, A Treatise on the Astrolabe, appeared in print.
In his treatise, Chaucer describes the use of an astronomical instrument called the astrolabe. To be able to use such an instrument required knowledge of the Ptolemaic model of the universe.
In Thynne's edition, Chaucer aqcuired the soubriquet "learned scientist" and subsequent comments seem to indicate that it was thanks to A Treatise on the Astrolabe.
In my thesis, I explore all the editions of Chaucer where the Astrolabe has appeared and give an account of the editors's views and evaluations of the text and of its author.
Most importantly, I attempt to determine how historical factors may have affected these views
Le tissage de la mythologie dans la Fantasy anglo-saxonne
No full textDans cette thèse, nous abordons le problème de l écriture d un monde comme tissage métaphorique en nous intéressant aux œuvres de trois auteurs de Fantasy anglo-saxonne : J.R.R. Tolkien (The llord of the Rings, The Hobbit, The Silmarillon), C.S. Lewis (The Chronicles of Narnia) et J.K. Rowling (Harry Potter). Notre analyse porte sur la manière dont les auteurs tissent le monde de la subcréation, empruntant à la mythologie des éléments qu ils réinsèrent à leur propre mythologie, fils mythologiques dont l entrelacement donne du poids à l univers de la Fantasy. Le processus de création, de construction d un monde apparaît comme une activité complexe qui ne se limite pas à l aspect narratif d une histoire, mais repose sur divers paramètres, la superposition de multiples couches de tissu qui a une incidence sur la solidité de l ouvrage finalisé. Dans notre travail, nous évoquons trois aspects de ce tissage à plusieurs échelles : la toile sur fond mythologique que les auteurs tissent pour apporter un cadre à la fiction, les motifs du mal ourdis sur toile de fond, puis les figures tisserandes, qu elles soient représentées au sein du texte ou qu elles se matérialisent sous la forme de l auteur lui-même.In this thesis, we tackle the problem of the writing of a world as a metaphorical weaving, taking an interest in the works of three authors of anglo-saxon s Fantasy. J.R.R. Tolkien (The Lord of the Rings, The Hobbit, The Silmarillion), C.S. Lewis (The Chronicles of Narnia) and J.K. Rowling (Harry Potter). Our analysis deals with the way the authors weave the world of subcreation, borrowing from mythology elements that they reinsert into their own mythology, mythological threads whom intertwining gives weight to the universe of Fantasy. The process of creation construction of a world, appears to be a complex activity which is not limited to the narrative aspect of a story, but rests upon various parameters, the superposition of multiple lays of material that has an incidence on the solidity of the finalized work. In our thesis, we evoke three aspects of this several-scales weaving : the mythological backdrop woven by the authors to give a setting to the fiction, the patterns of evil woven on this canvass, then the weaver figures, being represented within the text or being materialized under the form of the author himself.PARIS13-BU Droit-Lettres (930792101) / SudocSudocFranceF
Effect of depression on the occulomotor inhibition in a non-clinical sample.
No full textEffect of depression on occulomotor inhibition in a non-clinical sample.
Khira El Bouragui1, 2*, Chrystel Besche-Richard2, Laurent Lefebvre1 and Mandy Rossignol1
1 UMONS - University of Mons, Belgium
2 URCA - University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France
Introduction
Cognitive biases have been highlighted in depression impairing inhibition abilities (Joormann, 2007). This study aims to evaluate oculomotor inhibition, which is defined as a suppression of reflexive saccades toward peripheral cues (Nigg, 2000). To measure such processes, authors have developed an anti-saccade paradigm, in which participants have to suppress their reflexive saccade towards cues to generate a volitional saccade in the opposite direction. We adapted this task with emotional information to assess oculomotor inhibition in depression.
Method
The aim of this study is to provide evidence for inhibition deficits in a non-clinical sample using a large panel of emotions (happiness, anger, disgust and surprise). 118 students (18 to 31 years old) were submitted to an anti-saccade task. They had to focus their attention toward (pro-saccade condition) or away from (anti-saccade condition) a cue that could be (a) a non-emotional stimulus (ovals), (b) an emotional social stimulus (human faces) or (c) an emotional non-social stimulus (animals or plants) and to decide the orientation (up or down) of the arrow (target) appearing immediately after the cue. Reaction times (RT) and correct answers' rates (CA) were recorded.
Results and discussion
CA scores did not show significant difference between group and may be explained by a celling effect. RT results showed a main effect of the group for emotional information. The depressed group was slower across tasks. The global slowing effect related to depression may be interpreted in terms of motivational deficits. Results also outlined a main effect of the stimuli type. Participants were faster in the social condition than the non-social one. It seems that non-social stimuli enhance the difficulty of the task. This effect might be attributed to the more pronounced salience of human faces (Wild et al., 2001). Furthermore, interaction between task and emotion has been found and will be discussed in terms of vigilance model (Hegerl et al., 2012) and approach-avoidance model (Elliot, 2006).
References
Elliot, A. J. (2006). The hierarchical model of approach-avoidance motivation. Motivation and emotion, 30(2), 111-116.
Hegerl, U., Wilk, K., Olbrich, S., Schoenknecht, P., & Sander, C. (2012). Hyperstable regulation of vigilance in patients with major depressive disorder. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 13(6), 436-446.
Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2010). Emotion regulation in depression: relation to cognitive inhibition. Cognition and Emotion, 24(2), 281-298.
Nigg, J. T. (2000). On inhibition/disinhibition in developmental psychopathology: views from cognitive and personality psychology and a working inhibition taxonomy. Psychological bulletin, 126(2), 220.
Wild, B., Erb, M., & Bartels, M. (2001). Are emotions contagious? Evoked emotions while viewing emotionally expressive faces: quality, quantity, time course and gender differences. Psychiatry research, 102(2), 109-124.
Keywords: Depression, inhibition, anti-saccade, cognitive biases, emotional faces Conference: 12th National Congress of the Belgian Society for Neuroscience, Gent, Belgium, 22 May - 22 May, 2017. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Cognition and Behavior Citation: El Bouragui K, Besche-Richard C, Lefebvre L and Rossignol M (2019). Effect of depression on occulomotor inhibition in a non-clinical sample.. Front. Neurosci. Conference Abstract: 12th National Congress of the Belgian Society for Neuroscience. doi: 10.3389/conf.fnins.2017.94.00060 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers' terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 24 Apr 2017; Published Online: 25 Jan 2019. * Correspondence: Ms. Khira El Bouragui, UMONS - University of Mons, Mons, Belgium, [email protected]
