1,721,155 research outputs found
The impact of increasing the incinerator ash content on landfill site biostabilisation
No full textThe results of ash characterisation showed that the total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) in different sieved particle sizes increased as the particle size decreased. The average total content of the heavy metals Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni and Cr was 7786, 29, 994, 4006, 224 and 226 μgg-1 respectively. The leaching results of 10 g bottom ash mixed with 500 ml distilled water using tumbling and reciprocating shaking showed that the leaching concentration was in the range of 0~11 μgg-1. Leaching from the ash was greater at the extremes of pH and temperatures these having the greatest effect on leachate concentrations of Zn, Pb, and Cu. An inhibitory effect of heavy metals was shown at a 50% levels for Zn, Cu and Ni of 650mg Znl-1 dry solid sludge, 360 mg Cul-1 and 40 mg Cug-1 dry solid sludge and 380 mg Nil-1 and 39 mg Nig-1 dry solid sludge respectively. Bottom ash showed potential adsorption capacity for organic matter which was influenced by ash concentration, pH, temperature and particle size. the adsorption capacity increased as the ash concentration, pH, temperature, and particle size decreased. The anaerobic co-digestion of bottom ash and a simulated domestic refuse showed the beneficial effect of bottom ash addition. These studies were conducted in laboratory scale anaerobic digesters with a retention time of 20 days. Four reactors were used, two of these (controls) had no ash addition whilst the other two had ash added with the batch fed refuse simulant in a ration of 25/100 and 50/100 respectively.</p
A 10-MS/s-to-100-kS/s Power-Scalable Fully Differential CBSC 10-Bit Pipelined ADC With Adaptive Biasing
No full textCharacteristics of research output in social sciences and humanities: From a research evaluation perspective
No full textAssessing the effects of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash on the decomposition of biodegradable waste using a completely mixed anaerobic reactor
No full textExperimental lab scale anaerobic reactors were used to assess the effect of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash on the process of biodegradation of organic materials typical of those found in municipal solid waste (MSW). Three reactors were used in the trial and each of these received the same daily organic load of simulated MSW but varying loads of MSWI bottom ash. The reactors were monitored over a period of 200 days for pH, alkalinity, volatile acids, total organic carbon (TOC), biogas production, gas composition and heavy metals. The addition of ash appeared to have beneficial effects on the degradation process as there was an increase in gas production, alkalinity, and pH, coupled with a decrease in the TOC concentration of leachate when compared with a control reactor without MSWI ash addition. After 200 days operation, the alkalinity and gas production in the anaerobic reactor receiving 6g ash per day was twice that of the reactor receiving 3g of ash per day and four times that of the control reactor. A number of tests were carried out on the ash sample to investigate the possible reasons for enhancement of the biodegradative process. These included a shake flask batch leaching test using distilled water, determination of the acid neutralising capacity by titration curve, and the quantification of six heavy metals and four light metals. In the reactors receiving ash the concentrations of Ca, Na, K, Mg ions were found to be significantly higher and these may provide a higher alkalinity which could promote the digestion process. Soluble concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were in the range of 0.02-0.2, 0.01-2.5, 0.01-0.3, 0.01-1, 0.01-1.2, and 0.01-1 mgl-1 respectively and at these concentrations it is unlikely that they would prove inhibitory to the digestion process
A Comparison of Three Major Academic Rankings for World Universities: From a Research Evaluation Perspective
No full textThis paper introduces three current major university ranking systems. The Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities by Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan (HEEACT Ranking) emphasizes both the quality and quantity of research and current research performance. The Academic Ranking of World Universities by Shanghai Jiao Tung University (ARWU) focuses on outstanding performance of universities with indicators such as Nobel Prize winners. The QS World University Ranking (2004-2009) by Times Higher Education (THE-QS) emphasizes on peer review with high weighting in evaluation. This paper compares the 2009 ranking results from the three ranking systems. Differences exist in the top 20 universities in three ranking systems except the Harvard University, which scored top one in all of the three rankings. Comparisons also revealed that the THE-QS favored UK universities. Further, obvious differences can be observed between THE-QS and the other two rankings when ranking results of some European countries (Germany, UK, Netherlands, & Switzerland) and Chinese speaking regions were compared
Positioning research and innovation performance using shape centroids of h-core and h-tail
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