1,721,027 research outputs found
Facile Preparation of Environmental Stable High-Temperature Superconducting Ceramic and Polymer Composites
Evaluation of supply chain information systems : A perspective of business processes redesign and integration
在過去評估資訊系統導入的價值相關文獻,主要分為兩大類:以關鍵績效指標(KPI)來衡量,和以財務理論資本預算的方法來衡量,前者注重作業層次績效,後者在乎方法發展。不同上述,本研究以企業導入資訊系統後,如何改變企業的基本結構,再進而評估產生了多少獲利。以汽車維修產業供應鏈中的公司導入協同規劃預測補貨系統(CPFR)為考察對象,第一部份,以得到促銷資訊後,進行協同預測的精準度上升,來衡量「消除供應鏈中的資訊不足」的效益,第二部份,利用利益分享契約的設定,建立一個協同規劃機制,消除「雙重邊際化」問題,來衡量「消除供應鏈中的系統不整合」的效益。第一部份中,本研究建立一數學模型,分析得到來自企業間資訊不足的動態事件的價值,計算為價值可使預測的精準度上升,變異下降,進而存貨成本下降,而此成本下降為資訊的價值。最後比較「消除資訊不足」和「消弭系統不整合」何者較為重要,簡單結論為,若動態事件發生使變異波動很大,則消除資訊不足較為重要。但若是需求的變異很大,則會企業間不整合較為重要。The relevant literature for assessing the value of information systems in the past, are divided into two categories: Using key performance index (KPI) and using financial theory to calculate the cash flow. The former focuses on operating performance levels, and the latter depends on the development of methods. Different from above-mentioned, this study consider that information systems can change the basic structure of the enterprise business processes. Further, we can estimate how much profit that come from the new business processes. In the first part, after obtaining promotion information, the accuracy of the forecast increases. Then, we can evaluate the benefit of "eliminating the problem of insufficient information." In the second part, by using benefit-sharing contracts, we can establish coordinated planning. Then we can eliminate the problem of "double marginalization", and assess the benefits of integration in the supply chain systems". In the first part, most studies of information value analyzed the value of eliminating the lack information in the external environment. In this study, a mathematical model was proposed to analyze the value of dynamic information events.摘要 II
Abstract III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 問題描述 3
1.3 研究架構 4
第二章 文獻回顧 6
2.1 汽車售後服務產業 6
2.1.1 供應鏈結構 6
2.1.2 產業介紹 9
2.1.3 產業所面臨之問題 10
2.2 CPFR系統介紹(內含以KPI的效益衡量方法) 10
2.2.1 CPFR 系統介紹 11
2.2.2 以KPI評估CPFR 導入之效益 12
2.3 資訊分享與流程改變 15
2.3.1 CPFR運用到的資訊及受資訊分享改變的流程 15
2.3.2 資訊分享的內容 17
2.3.3 流程 18
2.4 促銷流程 19
2.4.1 促銷 19
2.4.2 需求分析 19
2.4.3 促銷文獻回顧 20
2.4.4 目前之存貨╱訂貨政策 22
2.5 財務的投資方法 23
2.5.1 評估資本投入相關文獻 23
2.5.2 以財務中計算資本預算的方法衡量獲利 25
2.6 以三個構面分析評估衡量資訊系統文獻 28
第三章 消除資訊不足 32
3.1 資訊不足的來源 32
3.1.1 借由消除資訊不足降低變異 33
3.1.2 計算存貨成本 38
3.2 消除動態事件發生時的資訊不足-以促銷資訊為例 39
3.2.1 問題分析 39
3.2.2 突發事件機率模型 41
3.2.3 兩種系統需求情境分析 42
3.2.4 計算成本下降 50
3.2.5 搭配激勵費用制度 51
3.2.6 搭配監督費用制度 51
3.3 以需求預測更新流程消除「外部環境」上的資訊不足 55
第四章 消除系統間不整合 58
4.1 「雙重邊際化」問題 60
4.1.1 總代理和經銷商為同一企業 60
4.1.2 總代理和經銷商為獨立自利個體 62
4.2 解決雙重邊際化問題 65
4.2.1 建立一個通路協調策略 66
4.3 「零售商背叛行為」問題 68
4.4 數例 69
4.4.1 最佳利潤分配比例 69
第五章 比較「消除資訊不足」和「消弭節點間不整合」 73
5.1 重要性分析 73
5.2 以數例表示 75
第六章 貢獻與未來工作: 79
6.1 貢獻 79
6.2 未來工作 80
引用文獻 81
附錄 84
附錄A 台灣的車輛工業產業 84
附錄B 供應鏈協同機制 85
附錄C 「CPFR」系統介紹 86
附錄D 「CPFR」之效益: 90
附錄E 「KPI」法 9
Early socioeconomic status, birth weight, and depression trajectories among adolescents
背景與目的:近年來,青少年憂鬱已成為重要的公共衛生議題。從生命歷程觀點來看,早期負面暴露可能會增加未來發生心理疾病的風險,如:早期社經地位或出生體重等。然而,過去相關研究大多為橫斷面分析,較少探討早期負面暴露對青少年憂鬱的長期影響。因此,本研究目的在於釐清早期社經地位與出生體重對青少年憂鬱軌跡發展的影響。
研究方法:本研究資料來源為台灣長期教育追蹤資料庫,以四波皆有參與調查的學生為主要研究樣本,經排除資料填答不完整的個案後,共有3,600位學生納入後續分析。本研究納入早期社經地位 (早期經濟狀況、父親教育程度)、出生體重、壓力源和社會支持等相關因素,分別利用成長曲線模型和潛在類別成長模型分析青少年憂鬱軌跡變化及軌跡類型的影響因素。
研究結果:在成長曲線模型結果發現,女性憂鬱起始值會受到出生體重、早期經濟狀況、國中負面事件及家庭支持的影響,而女性憂鬱改變速率則受到家庭負面事件、國中負面事件與高中負面事件的影響,但僅國中負面事件會造成男性憂鬱起始值與改變速率的影響。在潛在類別成長模型方面,無論男女6年憂鬱軌跡類型皆可分為4類,但略有不同。女性憂鬱軌跡類型分別命名為持續低 (709人, 39%)、持續中等 (891人, 46.5%)、持續高 (174人, 9.5%),與下降 (84人, 5%);而男性憂鬱軌跡類型則分別命名為持續低 (836人, 48.1%)、持續中等 (762人, 42.8%)、下降 (57人, 3.7%),和上升 (87人, 5.4%)。女性憂鬱軌跡類型會受到早期經濟狀況、家庭負面事件、學校負面事件、家庭支持與同儕支持的影響。而男性憂鬱軌跡類型則受到父親教育程度、學校負面事件、家庭支持與同儕支持的影響。
結論:早期社經地位對青少年憂鬱軌跡變化及軌跡類型有顯著的影響,且不同性別對早期社經地位測量指標的敏感度不同,而出生體重則僅會影響女性憂鬱軌跡變化的起始值。Background and objectives: In recent years, adolescent depression has become a serious public health issue. From life course perspective, early life exposures, such as early socioeconomic status and birth weight, may increase risk for mental disorder in later life. However, little is known about the long-term effects of early life exposures on depression trajectories. This study aimed to investigate how early socioeconomic status and birth weight affect the depression trajectories among adolescents.
Methods: Data used in this study were obtained from the Taiwan Education Panel Survey (TEPS), Center for Survey Research, Academia Sinica. A total of 3,600 participants who completed four waves of survey between 2001 and 2007 were included in this study analysis. The measures collected included: (1) independent variable: depression (scale range: 6-24); (2) dependent variables: early socioeconomic status and birth weight; (3) confounders: sex, negative life events, social support, and parental mental illness. Growth curve model and group-based trajectory model were used to analyze the association between depression and early socioeconomic status while adjusting for confounders.
Result: In the growth cure analysis, the results reveal that birth weight, childhood economic hardship, school negative life events, and family support significantly influenced initial levels of depression in girls. Negative life events and parental mental illness significantly influenced development of depression in girls. However, both initial levels and development of depression were only correlated with school negative life events in boys. And in both genders four distinct developmental trajectories were identified. Among girls, the four depression trajectories were consistently low (n=709, 39%), moderate (n=891, 46.5%), chronically high (n=174, 9.5%) and decreasing (n=84, 5%). Among boys, four depression trajectories were consistently low (n=836, 48.1%), moderate (n=762, 42.8%), decreasing (n=57, 3.7%) and increasing (n=87, 5.4%). We found that girls’ trajectory classes were associated with childhood economic hardship, negative life events, and family and peer social support, whereas boys’ trajectory classes were associated with father education, school negative events and peer support.
Conclusion: Early socioeconomic status could contribute disparities of adolescent depression, and affect the developmental of depression trajectories. However, gender differences existed in sensitivity to different early socioeconomic status indicators, and birth weight was only correlated with initial levels of depression in girls.致謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 5
第二章 文獻探討 6
第一節 憂鬱的概念與測量 6
第二節 憂鬱的影響因素 16
第三節 憂鬱軌跡的相關研究 23
第四節 早期社經地位對未來健康的影響 28
第五節 健康與疾病發展起源說 32
第六節 早期家庭社經地位、出生體重與憂鬱的解釋機制 36
第三章 研究方法 43
第一節 研究架構 43
第二節 研究假說 44
第三節 資料來源 45
第四節 研究樣本 47
第五節 研究變項 47
第六節 資料分析 51
第四章 研究結果 53
第一節 研究樣本的基本特質 53
第二節 憂鬱量表之建構 55
第三節 憂鬱軌跡變化及其影響因素 57
第四節 憂鬱軌跡類型及其影響因素 62
第五章 討 論 67
第一節 青少年憂鬱發展趨勢與軌跡類型 67
第二節 青少年憂鬱軌跡的相關因素 71
第三節 早期社經地位對憂鬱軌跡變化的可能影響機制 75
第四節 研究限制 78
第六章 結論與建議 79
第一節 結論 79
第二節 政策意涵與未來研究建議 82
參考文獻 85
表次
表2. 1 憂鬱的概念 109
表2. 2 憂鬱研究各學派主要理論 110
表2. 3 國內外常用青少年自述量表 111
表2. 4 生命歷程研究設計與分析概念 112
表3. 1 TEPS各波實際完訪數、完訪率、遞補率與追蹤率說明表115
表3. 2 TEPS追蹤樣本調查時間 116
表3. 3 各波調查追蹤人數 116
表3. 4 壓力源調查時間 117
表3. 5 各變項之操作型定義及資料來源 118
表4. 1 研究樣本基本特性依性別分層 121
表4. 2 研究樣本壓力源及社會支持依性別分佈 122
表4. 3 各波調查憂鬱測量題項分布 123
表4. 4 各波調查憂鬱題項因素負荷矩陣及信度分析結果 124
表4. 5 各波調查憂鬱分數相關矩陣 125
表4. 6 各波憂鬱分數與相關因素簡單迴歸分析之迴歸係數(標準誤)126
表4. 7 研究樣本憂鬱分數發展狀況 127
表4. 8女性憂鬱無條件成長模型之迴歸係數(標準誤) 128
表4. 9女性憂鬱條件成長模型之迴歸係數(標準誤) 129
表4. 10男性憂鬱無條件成長模型之迴歸係數(標準誤) 130
表4. 11 男性憂鬱條件成長模型之迴歸係數(標準誤) 131
表4. 12 早期社經地位與出生體重交互作用對憂鬱軌跡變化起始值之影響132
表4. 13 女性研究樣本憂鬱軌跡類型 133
表4. 14 女性憂鬱軌跡類型基本分佈 137
表4. 15 女性憂鬱軌跡類型與壓力源及社會支持之分佈 138
表4. 16 男性憂鬱軌跡類型基本分佈 139
表4. 17 男性憂鬱軌跡類型與壓力源及社會支持之分佈 140
表4. 18 女性憂鬱軌跡類型之多元邏輯斯迴歸分析 (持續中等比持續低
Study of Nano Morphology of Organic Hybrid Material for Solar Cell
本研究主要探討有機混摻太陽能電池於奈米尺度下的表面型態,對於有機太陽能電池效能的影響。本研究首先研究導電高分子P3HT與PCBM混摻系統中,熱退火程序對於表面型態與效能之間的關係。我們建立一套完整的系統,研究熱退火程序後,光學性質、表面型態變化與太陽能電池效能間的關係。我們利用thermal AFM找出退火溫度與表面型態之間的關係,並將之定量化。除此之外,我們亦利用近場光學顯微鏡研究奈米尺度下的光學變化。經由退火程序處理後之混摻太陽能電池,我們發現其奈米尺度下之吸收度與光學係數,皆有顯著的變化;而PCBM亦會隨著退火時間的增加,逐漸產生聚集的現象,當退火溫度在140℃下,退火時間持續60分鐘後,PCBM聚集尺寸到達μm尺度,過大的相分離程度造成混摻太陽能電池間不連續面的存在,進而使得太陽能電池效能的降低。
由於PCBM系統的熱穩定性不佳且原料較為昂貴,因此我們致力於二氧化鈦奈米桿混摻導電高分子系統。我們首先闡述二氧化鈦系統具有較佳的熱穩定性之外,並藉由表面改質的方式來提升本系統的效率。我們合成了一種新穎的噻吩寡聚物來改質二氧化鈦奈米桿的表面,此表面改質劑能夠有效增進激子分離與傳輸效率。除此之外,此寡聚物接枝在二氧化鈦表面也能夠大大增進無機奈米桿與有機導電高分子之間的相容性,大大增進有機太陽能薄膜的品質與效能。
此外,我們也利用添加一緩衝層在電洞傳導層(PEDOT:PSS)與主動層之間的方式,有效的避免二氧化鈦奈米直接接觸電洞傳導層而可能造成的短路現象,並且藉由添加此緩衝層的方式,能夠增加電子予體和電子載體的接觸面積,進而增加短路電流,並且減少電子電洞再結合的機率,有效增進太陽能電池元件效率。This work presents the study of nano morphology of organic hybrid material for solar cell, trying to improve the performance of hybrid solar cells.
First, we investigated the effect of annealing process on the performance of photovoltaic devices based on P3HT/PCBM hybrid materials by monitoring the changes of nanoscale morphology and optical properties. The thermal AFM provides valuable information of morphology evolution quantitatively for the P3HT/PCBM film during the annealing process. We also correlated the morphology evolution and absorption behavior by using scanning near field optical microscopy (SNOM). The results help to determine an optimized annealing process for high performance solar cell. And from this study, we found the PCBM is not thermal stable at 140℃ for 60 minutes. The PCBM aggregates that disruptes the bicontinuous phase and reduces the performance of solar cell.
Due to the low cost and good thermal stability of TiO2 nanoparticle , we devote our study to the conducting polymer hybrided with TiO2 nanorods system. We first reveal the good thermal stability of TiO2 hybrid system. And we have synthesized a novel conducting surface ligands of carboxylic terminated oligomer (oligomer 3-hexyl thiophene -COOH) to modify the surface of the TiO2 nanorods. We studied the UV and PL properties of the hybrid made from P3HT and oligomer 3HT-COOH modified TiO2 nanorods. The results indicate the oligomer 3HT-COOH improves the charge separation of the hybrid material as compared with insulating oleic acid ligand. The performance of the solar cell can be significantly improved by 5 folds using oligomer 3HT-COOH modified TiO2 nanorod.
Finally, we used poly(3-hexylthiophene) as the buffer layer between electron blocking layer (PEDOT:PSS) and active layer (P3HT/TiO2). The inserted layer can prevent TiO2 nanorods from touching the PEDOT:PSS layer that results in short circuit. Besides, the buffer layer can facilitate the separation and transport of charge carriers efficiently that improve the performance of solar cell
Study on La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 Nano-Crystalline Compounds and Microwave Dielectric Ceramic Processing
本研究主要包含兩個部份,分別是低煆燒溫度之超巨磁阻材料以及微波介電陶瓷材料製備天線與高介電常數值基板製程之研究。研究中的第一個部份,是利用三種不同系列之原材料,來合成奈米晶粒鑭鍶錳氧化合物 (LSM),並探討其性質上的差異,同時也利用這三種不同系列之原材料來製備鑭鍶錳氧薄膜。以氫氧化物原材料製作之LSM具有最低之煆燒溫度(500℃),乙醯丙酮金屬鹽類及硝酸鹽類原材料製作之LSM,其煆燒溫度分別為800℃及900℃。合成出來之粉末,皆具有奈米尺寸的晶粒大小,因此在物性的表現上與傳統之超巨磁阻材料有所不同。藉由互相比較其粒徑大小,可以得知金屬-絕緣溫度會隨著晶粒大小的減小而降低,而電阻值則會隨著晶粒大小降低而升高。,乙醯丙酮金屬鹽類所製備之鑭鍶錳氧化物,其具有最小之晶粒尺寸,在外加磁場為90000Oe時具有最高的磁阻值為70%。在薄膜製備方面,利用簡易的旋鍍法來製備薄膜,並藉由添加甘油的改良,可有效的製備出無裂紋、無孔洞之高緻密度薄膜;但是利用乙醯丙酮金屬鹽類為原材料來製備薄膜,則不需甘油添加物即可成高緻密度薄膜。總結來說,我們成功的研發出不同之製備奈米級鑭鍶錳氧化物的方法,除了對其性質作一系列之研究外,也成功的利用其製備出高品質之奈米級鑭鍶錳氧薄膜。
研究中的第二個部分,是對於微波介電陶瓷製備介電共振器天線與高介電陶瓷薄板之製程方面的研究。在製備介電共振器天線方面,我們利用鍛造、切削以及黏結的製程方法製備出任何想要之尺寸、形狀的介電共振器天線,並且能確保此製程對於原材料之介電性質並不會造成劣化效果。在高介電陶瓷薄板製備方面,我們透過消除加工時施加於薄板之內應力,以及燒結製程上的改善,成功的製備出具高介電性質之平坦陶瓷薄板(50mm x 50mm x 0.6mm),其介電係數可高達130。相較於目前商業上所使用之介電陶瓷薄板,可謂有極大之突破性。This research includes two parts. One is low calcining colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) material. The other is the processing of microwave dielectric ceramic for antenna and high K substrate. In the first part, we synthesized La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSM) by three processes involving different precursor materials and compared their properties. We also fabricated thin films by those different precursor materials. Hydroxide based raw materials provide the lowest calcining temperature of LSM (500℃), the calcining temperature of acetylacetonate based raw materials and nitrate based raw materials are 800℃ and 900℃ respectively. The properties of nanocrystalline LSM compounds are different from those of the conventional CMR materials. The metal-insulator transition temperature of LSM is reduced with decreasing crystalline grain size, but its resistance value increases as reducing the crystalline grain size. The LSM synthesized from acetylacetonate based powders exhibit the largest MR ratio of 70% (at 90000Oe) with the smallest grain size among tried raw materials. The pin hole free thin film of LSM can also be prepared by nitrate based and hydroxide based raw materials by adding glycerol. The acetylacetonate basedd raw materials provided pin hole free film without glycerol.
In the second part studied the fabrication process of dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) model and high permittivity ceramic plate. We are able to make desired sizes and shapes of DRA model via cut-and-paste fabrication using Zn3Nb2O8 powder. The DRA model maintains the dielectric properties of Zn3Nb2¬O8. We have successfully fabricated high permittivity ceramic plates (~130) by process optimization and stress elimination using BZN powders.Part I
第一章 前言 1
第二章 文獻回顧與理論基礎 2
2-1 磁阻(Magnetoresistance) 2
2-1-1 常磁阻(Ordinary Magnetoresistance) 3
2-1-2 異向磁阻(Anisotropy Magnetoresistance) 3
2-1-3 穿隧磁阻(Tunneling Magnetoresistance) 4
2-1-4 巨磁阻(Giant Magnetoresistance) 5
2-1-5 超巨磁阻(Colossal Magnetoresistance) 5
2-2 超巨磁阻材料之原理 8
2-2-1 雙交換模型(Double Exchange Model) 8
2-2-2 Jahn-Teller 效應(Jahn 1937) 10
2-2-3 Millis理論(Millis 1995) 11
2-3 超巨磁阻材料之發展 12
第三章 實驗 23
3-1 實驗藥品 23
3-2 使用儀器 24
3-3 量測方法 26
3-3-1 熱分析 26
3-3-2 晶相鑑定 26
3-3-3 黏度量測 26
3-3-4 微結構與表面形態觀察 27
3-3-5 電性觀察 27
3-3-6 磁性性質量測 27
3-4 實驗步驟 28
3-4-1 合成La0.7Sr0.3MnO3粉末 28
3-4-2 製備La0.7Sr0.3MnO3薄膜 30
第四章 結果與討論 32
4-1 合成La0.7Sr0.3MnO3粉末 32
4-1-1 系列一─La(NO3)3、Mn(NO3)2、Sr(NO3)2 32
4-1-1-1 熱分析 32
4-1-1-2 晶相鑑定 34
4-1-1-3 粉末性質量測─微結構與表面型態 36
4-1-1-4 粉末性質量測─磁性與電性 37
4-1-2系列二─La(NO3)3、Mn(NO3)2、Sr(OH)2 43
4-1-2-1 熱分析 43
4-1-2-2 晶相鑑定 45
4-1-2-3粉末性質量測─微結構與表面型態 46
4-1-2-4粉末性質量測─磁性與電性 47
4-1-3系列三─La(acac)3、Mn(acac)3、Sr(acac)2 51
4-1-3-2 熱分析 53
4-1-3-3 晶相鑑定 54
4-1-3-4 粉末性質量測─微結構與表面型態 55
4-1-3-5 粉末性質量測─磁性與電性 57
4-2 薄膜的製備與性質分析 61
4-2-1 黏度測試 61
4-2-2 薄膜之晶相鑑定 61
4-2-3 薄膜之微結構觀察 63
第五章 結論 71
5-1 結論 71
5-2 鑭鍶錳氧化合物粉末之合成 71
5-3 鑭鍶錳氧化合物薄膜之製備 73
第六章 建議與未來工作 74
第七章 參考文獻 75
Part II
第一章 前言 1
第二章 文獻回顧與理論基礎 2
2-1 微波介電陶瓷 2
2-1-1 微波下介電陶瓷之行為 2
2-1-2 微波介電性質 3
2-2 微波介電性質量測 10
2-2-1 圓柱型共振腔 10
2-2-2 平行板介電共振器 12
2-2-3 SPDR法 14
2-3 鋅鈮系介電陶瓷 16
2-4 鉍鋅鈮系介電陶瓷 18
2-5 陶瓷薄帶製程 21
2-5-1漿料的配方 23
2-5-2製程變因的控制 24
第三章 實驗 26
3-1 實驗藥品 26
3-2 使用儀器 27
3-3 量測方法 28
3-3-1 晶相鑑定 28
3-3-2 粒徑分佈與比表面積 28
3-3-3 密度量測 28
3-3-4 介電性質量測 29
3-3-5 微結構觀察 29
3-4 實驗步驟 30
3-4-1 合成Zn3Nb2O8 粉末並鑑定其性質 30
3-4-2 以Zn3Nb2O8 製作介電共振器天線 31
3-4-3 合成Bi1.5Zn0.92Nb1.5O6.92粉末並鑑定其性質 33
3-4-4 以Bi1.5Zn0.92Nb1.5O6.92製備陶瓷薄板 34
第四章 結果與討論 36
4-1 Zn3Nb2O8粉末之基本性質 36
4-1-1 晶相鑑定 36
4-1-2 粒徑分布 36
4-2 Zn3Nb2O8製備天線之製程討論與性質測試 38
4-2-1 Zn3Nb2O8之理論密度與燒結密度 38
4-2-2 Zn3Nb2O8 之微結構觀察 38
4-2-3 Zn3Nb2O8介電共振器天線之製程討論 41
4-2-3-1 Zn3Nb2O8陶瓷漿料之調配 41
4-2-3-2 介電共振器天線燒結製程討論 42
4-2-4 Zn3Nb2O8的微波介電性質 45
4-2-5 Zn3Nb2O8介電共振器天線之性質 46
4-3 Bi1.5Zn0.92Nb1.5O6.92粉末基本性質 47
4-3-1 晶相鑑定 47
4-3-2 粒徑分布 47
4-4 Bi1.5Zn0.92Nb1.5O6.92製備陶瓷薄板之製程討論與性質測試 48
4-4-1 製備Bi1.5Zn0.92Nb1.5O6.92生胚薄帶之漿料討論 48
4-4-2 Bi1.5Zn0.92Nb1.5O6.92陶瓷薄板之製程討論 49
4-4-2-1 消除內應力之討論 49
4-4-2-2 改善燒結程序之討論 51
4-4-3 Bi1.5Zn0.92Nb1.5O6.92陶瓷薄板之性質 53
4-4-3-1 BZN薄板與BZN錠塊之密度比較 53
4-4-3-2 BZN薄板之微結構觀察 55
4-4-3-3 BZN薄板之微波介電性質 57
第五章 結論 58
5-1 結論 58
5-2 Zn3Nb2O8微波介電陶瓷製備介電共振腔天線的製程研究 58
5-3 Bi1.5Zn0.92Nb1.5O6.92微波介電陶瓷製備高介電常數薄板的製程研究 59
第六章 建議與未來工作 60
第七章 參考文獻 6
Clone identification and population genetic analysis of Phellinus noxius collected from Taiwan
褐根病菌 (Phellinus noxius) 寄主範圍相當廣泛,可感染樟樹、榕樹、臺灣欒樹、鳳凰木等多種樹木,是近年來極受重視的病原菌。植物罹患褐根病後,初期不易看出明顯病徵,但感病後期常因根部木材逐漸腐朽,養分和水分的運輸功能也嚴重受損,導致罹病樹木萎凋、死亡或風倒,不僅破壞景觀,更可能造成公共危險。爲了擬定有效的褐根病防治策略,將需要瞭解更多其流行病學。本研究開發ISSR (Inter simple sequence repeats)和SSR (simple sequence repeats)分子標誌,分析自臺灣北部多個樣區所收集的褐根病菌菌株和擔孢子的基因型(genotype),再根據分析結果判別其是否為相同無性繁殖系(clone)及親緣關係遠近。評估結果顯示,共計有9個ISSR引子和17個SSR分子標誌可以有效區分不同子實體來源的擔孢子菌株,同時亦可反映不同擔孢子之間的遺傳變異;SSR基因型分析亦顯示擔孢子菌株為單倍體。此外,在菌絲-斷生孢子的生長繼代過程中,菌株基因型容易發生變異。基因分型結果也顯示,自臺北市和平高中和螢橋國中約4公頃 (40000 m2) 校地的28棵罹病樹木,所分離的褐根病菌株分別屬於11個無性繁殖系,且除了部分栽植位置相近的罹病樹木之外,自其他樹木分離的菌株皆屬於不同的無性繁殖系。此外,褐根病菌分離株之菌絲大多為同質異核(heterokaryon)。本研究所開發的ISSR及SSR分子標誌可應用於探討褐根病菌的遺傳變異,不僅讓我們初步瞭解臺灣褐根病菌的遺傳特性,也以分子證據證實褐根病可藉由根接觸而傳染。但關於臺灣田間褐根病菌族群主要是以何種方式繁殖,以及是否存在高致病力之強勢小種,仍待分析更大量的樣本方能確定。Since 1990s, brown root rot caused by Phellinus noxius has become a major tree disease in Taiwan. This fungal pathogen has a very wide host range, including Cinnamomum camphora、Ficus microcarpa、Koelreuteria henryi and Delonix regia. When infecting the trees, it can not only destroy bark and wood structure, but also seriously impair nutrient transportation and water uptake. In the early stage of infection, the infected trees may not show any obvious symptom, but as the disease develops, the tree may decline and eventually fall down or die within few months, thereby resulting in considerable economic loss and causing public danger. In order to investigate the disease dissemination pathway and epidemic dynamics of P. noxius, we have developed genotyping methods which were based on ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) or SSR (simple sequence repeat). These methods are useful not only for the distinction of basidiospores from different fruiting bodies, but also detection of genetic recombination in the process of sexual reproduction. The SSR prof n the process of sexual reproduction iles also verified the haploid nature of the basidiospore. Furthermore, single-arthrospore isolation might cause certain degree of genetic segregation. In the field survey, P. noxius isolates were obtained from 28 infected trees in two campuses (c.a. 4 hectares) of Taipei, and analyzed for their genotypes. The results revealed the presence of 11 clonal lineages, each occupying a distinct infection zone. As revealed by SSR profiles, mycelia of the field isolates were heterokaryon in most cases. Furthermore, for fungal isolates collected from infected trees nearby each other, most of them tend to display similar genotypes, indicating that root contact may serve as an important way for pathogen dissemination. However, to address important questions regarding epidemiology of P. noxius, including its major reproductive way and possible existence of a predominant virulent strain in the field, it is necessary to analyze more fungal isolates
Self-vertical phase separation study of nanoparticle/polymer solar cells by introducing fluorinated small molecules
Improving the Performance of Vacuum-Deposited Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes via a Tailored Sequential Deposition Strategy
Vacuum-deposited perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are attracting increased attention owing to their precise thickness control and absence of solvent-orthogonality constraints, offering significant potential for optimizing device performance. Here, we systematically compare how varying the deposition sequence of a single additive, triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO)-known for its effective defect passivation-critically affects the crystallization dynamics, film morphology, and optoelectronic properties. Two distinct deposition strategies were compared: Co-passivation (simultaneous deposition of CsBr, PbBr2, and TPPO) and sequential-passivation (alternating ultrathin TPPO layers and perovskite layers). While Co-passivation delayed crystallization until annealing, sequential-passivation enabled partial crystallization during deposition, leading to smoother, more uniform films with higher photoluminescence quantum yield. Moreover, we demonstrate that TPPO induces quasi-2D perovskite formation, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing that a nonamine-based organic molecule induces quasi-2D formation. As a result, sequential-passivation devices achieved a higher external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 10.9% and enhanced operational stability (T 50 = 44 min) compared to Co-passivation devices (EQE = 7.4%, T 50 = 16 min). This study highlights the importance of additive deposition sequence in determining the crystallization mechanism and optoelectronic properties of perovskite films, providing insights for designing high-performance vacuum-processed PeLEDs.
- …
