189 research outputs found
SP282THE EFFECT OF MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL ON EXPRESSION OF MICRORNA-155 IN PATIENTS WITH IGA NEPHROPATHY
No full textMechanisms and Clinical Research Progress of Rituximab in the Treatment of Adult Minimal Change Disease
No full textIntroduction: Minimal change disease (MCD) is a common subtype of primary nephrotic syndrome in adults. The pathogenesis of MCD is still not well understood, but some studies suggest that MCD is a T cell-mediated disease related to podocyte dysfunction. Previous research has also indicated the crucial role of B cells in the pathogenesis of MCD. Rituximab (RTX) is a recombinant chimeric mouse/human antibody targeting CD20 antigen. In recent years, RTX has been increasingly used in adult MCD patients.Methodology: We searched the PubMed database using the keywords “Minimal change disease”, “Nephrotic syndrome”, and “Rituximab” and obtained a total of 140 articles. We will now provide a literature review based on these 140 articles, according to our research topic.Discussion: This article provides an overview of the mechanisms and clinical research progress of RTX in the treatment of adult MCD. We have also discussed the current treatment methods for MCD, exploring the potential of using RTX as a first-line therapy for refractory adult MCD.Conclusion: MCD is a common pathological type of nephrotic syndrome, and the exact mechanisms are still not fully understood. Although RTX as a treatment of adult MCD has shown promising clinical results in patients with refractory adult MCD, the safety and efficacy of RTX still lack high-quality clinical evidence. Further research is needed to explore the pathogenesis of MCD and the RTX treatment for MCD
Effect of Mycophenolate Mofetil on Expression of MicroRNA-155 in Patients with IgA Nephropathy
No full textAssociation between the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and diabetes mellitus likelihood in patients with chronic kidney disease
No full textAbstract Background Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at an increased risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) and dyslipidemia, yet the specific relationship between lipid profiles, particularly triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C ratio), and DM likelihood in this population has not been thoroughly elucidated. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 20,310 unselected patients with CKD enrolled from 2006 to 2015. The relationship between the TG/HDL-C ratio and the likelihood of DM was evaluated using binary logistic regression. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed, and a generalized additive model with smooth curve fitting assessed potential non-linear associations. We also performed the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and decision curve analysis to assess the determination and clinical use, respectively. Results Among the participants (mean age 60.907 ± 10.044 years; 79.580% male), 1,758 (8.656%) had DM. The median TG/HDL-C ratio was 0.655(interquartile range 0.465–0.920). After adjusting for covariates, a significant positive association was found between the TG/HDL-C ratio and DM likelihood (odds ratio [OR], 1.494; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.354–1.648; P < 0.001). A non-linear relationship was observed with an inflection point at a TG/HDL-C ratio of 1.030. The ORs below and above this point were 1.866 (95% CI, 1.472–2.365) and 1.297 (95% CI, 1.094–1.538), respectively. The area under curve (AUC) of the nomogram was of 0.580 (95% CI, 0.566–0.594). Subgroup analyses indicated a stronger association in patients without hypertension, in female and patients with AF. Conclusion The TG/HDL-C ratio is independently associated with DM likelihood in patients with CKD, exhibiting a non-linear relationship particularly significant when the ratio is below 1.030. The TG/HDL-C ratio may serve as a useful marker for DM likelihood assessment in CKD patients, though prospective studies are needed to determine its role in prevention strategies. Clinical trial number Not applicable
A Nonlinear Relationship Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Urine Albumin to Creatinine Ratio in Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in China
No full textQian Liang,1– 3,* Haofei Hu,4,* Han Wu,1– 3 Xuan Chen,1– 3 Wei Wang,1– 3 Ying Le,1– 3 Shufen Yang,1– 3 Lijing Jia1– 3 1Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Lijing JiaDepartment of Endocrinology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, 1017 Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail [email protected]: Diabetic kidney disease often presents as increased urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR). 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is considered as the best indicator of vitamin D status. Previous studies have shown that 25(OH)D is related to the UACR. However, evidence concerning the connection between 25(OH)D and UACR is still limited in the Chinese population.Materials and Methods: A total of 549 participants with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in the study from Shenzhen People’s Hospital, China. The participants were grouped by the tertiles of 25(OH)D level. The association between 25(OH)D and UACR was examined by multiple linear regression. A generalized additive model (GAM) was used to verify a non-linear relationship. We conducted a subgroup analysis to evaluate the robustness of the results.Results: After adjusting for relevant variables, 25(OH)D was negatively correlated with UACR (β = − 8.7, 95% CI (− 12.0, − 5.4)). A non-linear relationship was discovered between 25(OH)D and UACR, and the 25(OH)D threshold was 67. The effect sizes and confidence intervals on the left and right sides of the inflection point were − 13.9 (− 18.2, − 9.6) and 8.9 (− 1.1, 18.9), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed a stronger correlation could be detected in males. The same trend also could be found in patients older than 70 years old, those with using ACEI/ARB, with history of hypertension, with SBP ≥ 140 mmHg and eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m2.Conclusion: The relationship between 25(OH)D and UACR is non-linear. 25(OH)D was negatively related to UACR when 25(OH)D is less than 67 nmol/L.Keywords: 25-hydroxyvitamin D, urine albumin to creatinine ratio, nonlinearit
Comparison of the Mechanical Properties of Different Tendon Profiles with External Prestressed Reinforcement
No full textAs a common method, external prestressing widely informs rehabilitation in existing structures. This paper presents the total prebending moment calculation of external prestressing with different tendon profiles. Meanwhile, the external prestressing loss and original internal prestressing loss are considered in the calculation in both the theoretical method and the finite element method. Then, we discuss the reinforcement efficiency of different tendons profiles and provide the reinforcement distribution ratio. The results show that the theoretical method is similar to the finite element method, and it can quickly evaluate the reinforcement effect by using different tendon profiles in engineering. By comparing the reinforcement efficiency under different external tendon profiles, the reinforcement scheme is determined according to the local damage and the overall damage of the beam, which effectively decreases the cost of reinforcement
Elevated gamma‐glutamyl transferase to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio has a non‐linear association with incident diabetes mellitus: A second analysis of a cohort study
No full textAbstract Objective Evidence regarding the association between the GGT/HDL‐c ratio and incident diabetes is still limited. On that account, our research aims to survey the link of the GGT/HDL‐c ratio with the risk of diabetes. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, data of 15,171 participants who participated in the medical examination program were collected in Murakami Memorial Hospital in Japan from 2004 to 2015. The independent and dependent variables were the baseline GGT/HDL‐c ratio and diabetes during the follow‐up, respectively. The Cox proportional‐hazards regression model was used to explore the association between the GGT/HDL‐c ratio and diabetes risk. A Cox proportional hazards regression with the cubic spline smoothing was used to recognize non‐linear relationships between the GGT/HDL‐c ratio and incident diabetes. Results After adjusting covariates, the results showed that the GGT/HDL‐c ratio was positively associated with incident diabetes (HR = 1.013, 95% CI: 1.002, 1.024). There was also a non‐linear relationship between the GGT/HDL‐c ratio and the risk of diabetes, and the inflection point of the GGT/HDL‐c ratio was 6.477. The HR on the left and right sides of the inflection point was 2.568 (1.157, 5.699) and 1.012 (1.001, 1.023), respectively. The sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of the results. Besides, the performance of the FPG + GGT/HDL‐c ratio was better than FPG + GGT, FPG + HDL‐c, and FPG in predicting diabetes. Conclusion This study demonstrates a positive and non‐linear relationship between the GGT/HDL‐c ratio and incident diabetes in the Japanese population. The GGT/HDL‐c ratio is strongly related to diabetes risk when it is <6.477
Predictive performance of triglyceride glucose index (TyG index) to identify glucose status conversion: a 5-year longitudinal cohort study in Chinese pre-diabetes people
No full textAbstract Objective Triglyceride glucose index (TyG index) has been recommended as an alternative indicator of insulin resistance. However, the association between TyG and regression from prediabetes to normoglycemia remains to be elucidated. Methods This retrospective cohort study involved 25,248 subjects with prediabetes at baseline conducted from 2010 to 2016. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was designed to evaluate the role of TyG in identifying people at converting from prediabetes to normoglycemia. Cox proportional hazards regression with cubic spline functions and smooth curve fitting was used to dig out the nonlinear relationship between them. Detailed evaluations for TyG were also performed using sensitivity and subgroup analyse. Results Among the included prediabetes subjects (n = 25,248), the mean age was 49.27 ± 13.84 years old, and 16,701 (66.15%) were male. The mean TyG was 8.83 ± 0.60. The median follow-up time was 2.96 ± 0.90 years. 11,499 (45.54%) individuals had a final diagnosis of normoglycemia. After adjusting for covariates, TyG was negatively affecting the results of glucose status conversion in prediabetes people (HR 0.895, 95% CI 0.863, 0.928). There was a nonlinear connection between TyG and normoglycemia in prediabetes people, and the inflection point was 8.88. The effect sizes (HR) on the left and right sides of the inflection point were 0.99 (0.93, 1.05) and 0.79 (0.74, 0.85), respectively. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these results. Subgroup analysis showed that TyG was more strongly associated with incident glucose status conversion in male, BMI ≥ 25. In contrast, there was a weaker relationship in those with female, BMI < 25. Conclusion Based on sample of subjects evaluated between 2010 and 2016, TyG index appears to be a promising marker for predicting normoglycemic conversion among prediabetes people in China. This study demonstrates a negative and non-linear association between TyG and glucose status conversion from prediabetes to normoglycemia. TyG is strongly related to glucose status conversion when TyG is above 8.88. From a therapeutic point of view, it is meaningful to maintain TyG levels within the inflection point to 8.88
Irrelevant comparisons affect people's exploration strategies in different ways
No full textSocial comparison widely exists, which involves individuals evaluating themselves in comparison to others. Although this process may provide useful information, there are instances where the comparison holds no relevance to one's outcome. The effect of those irrelevant social comparisons on decision-making under uncertainty is not well understood. The current study examined the effect of those irrelevant social comparisons on uncertainty exploration and the mechanisms behind it. Participants were recruited to engage in a two-player four-armed restless bandit task. The results revealed that presenting irrelevant outcomes of others affected participants' exploration behavior significantly, mainly reflected in directed exploration and perseveration. Social comparison can affect the confidence of the participants but not reward predictions. Additionally, irrelevant social comparisons do not affect exploration strategies by changing subjective expectations. Our work provides insights into modeling complex social interaction and extends valuable implications across social situations with the effect of social comparison on decisions
Cross-Comparison And Evaluation Of Air Pollution Field Estimation Methods
No full textAccurate estimates of human exposure is critical for air pollution health studies and a variety of methods are currently being used to assign pollutant concentrations to populations. Results from these methods may differ substantially, which can affect the outcomes of health impact assessments. Here, we applied 14 methods for developing spatiotemporal air pollutant concentration fields of eight pollutants to the Atlanta, Georgia region. These methods include eight methods relying mostly on air quality observations (CM: central monitor; SA: spatial average; IDW: inverse distance weighting; KRIG: kriging; TESS-D: discontinuous tessellation; TESS-NN: natural neighbor tessellation with interpolation; LUR: land use regression; AOD: downscaled satellite-derived aerosol optical depth), one using the RLINE dispersion model, and five methods using a chemical transport model (CMAQ), with and without using observational data to constrain results. The derived fields were evaluated and compared. Overall, all methods generally perform better at urban than rural area, and for secondary than primary pollutants. We found the CM and SA methods may be appropriate only for small domains, and for secondary pollutants, though the SA method lead to large negative spatial correlations when using data withholding for PM2.5 (spatial correlation coefficient R = −0.81). The TESS-D method was found to have major limitations. Results of the IDW, KRIG and TESS-NN methods are similar. They are found to be better suited for secondary pollutants because of their satisfactory temporal performance (e.g. average temporal R2 \u3e 0.85 for PM2.5 but less than 0.35 for primary pollutant NO2). In addition, they are suitable for areas with relatively dense monitoring networks due to their inability to capture spatial concentration variabilities, as indicated by the negative spatial R (lower than −0.2 for PM2.5 when assessed using data withholding). The performance of LUR and AOD methods were similar to kriging. Using RLINE and CMAQ fields without fusing observational data led to substantial errors and biases, though the CMAQ model captured spatial gradients reasonably well (spatial R = 0.45 for PM2.5). Two unique tests conducted here included quantifying autocorrelation of method biases (which can be important in time series analyses) and how well the methods capture the observed interspecies correlations (which would be of particular importance in multipollutant health assessments). Autocorrelation of method biases lasted longest and interspecies correlations of primary pollutants was higher than observations when air quality models were used without data fusing. Use of hybrid methods that combine air quality model outputs with observational data overcome some of these limitations and is better suited for health studies. Results from this study contribute to better understanding the strengths and weaknesses of different methods for estimating human exposures
- …
