8,349 research outputs found
A rational approach to Pi, Notes of a lecture held on the occasion of Pi-day on July 5, 2000 in Leiden
No full textThis article is based on notes for the lecture with the same title, which was held by the author on the occasion of the `Pi in de Pieterskerk' event (Pi-day) on July 5, 2000. The present article expands these notes with short proofs of most of the theorems given, but not proved, during the lecture
Cytokine release of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in children with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.
No full textProlonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for acute respiratory distress syndrome.
No full textEnhanced proliferation and increased IFN-gamma production in T cells by signal transduced through TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
No full textPrecore stop codon mutant in chronic hepatitis B virus infection in children: its relation to hepatitis B e seroconversion and maternal hepatitis B surface antigen.
No full textUpregulation of CCL20 and recruitment of CCR6+ gastric infiltrating lymphocytes in Helicobacter gastritis
No full textHelicobacter pylori enhances tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-mediated apoptosis in human gastric epithelial cells
No full textA
No full textHsu, P.-S., & Sharma, P. (2008). A case study of enabling factors in the technology integration change process. Educationa
Hyposoter distriangulum Hsu 2017, sp. nov.
No full textHyposoter distriangulum Chen, Huang & Hsu sp. nov. Type series. Holotype. Taiwan: 1 male, 550 m alt., Mt. Kantoushan, Dongshan District, Tainan City. 13. i. 2015. (Y. F. Hsu) reared from Artona flavipuncta. emgd. 27. i. 2015 (HSUM 15 A4). Paratypes. Taiwan: 3 males, 1 female, same data as holotype (1 male, 1 female prepared for SEM) (HSUM 15 A4); 1 male, 550 m alt., same locality as holotype, 12. ii. 2015. (Y. F. Hsu) reared from Artona flavipuncta. emgd. 21. iii 2015 (HSUM 15 B7); 1 male, 550 m alt., same locality as holotype, 2. iii. 2015. (Y. F. Hsu) reared from Artona flavipuncta. emgd. 11. iii 2015 (HSUM 15 C1); 3 females, Lookout forest trail, Heshe, Shinyi Township, Nantou City. 21. ix. 2016 (C. J. Chang, W. J. Lin and Y. M. Hsu) reared from Alpinia kawakamii. emgd. 30. x. 2016 (HSUM 16 J19); 1 male, Lookout forest trail, Heshe, Shinyi Township, Nantou City. 19. x. 2016. (C. J. Chang, W. J. Lin and Y. M. Hsu) reared from Alpinia kawakamii. emgd. 15. xi. 2016 (HSUM 16 K11). Description. Body length, 5.2–6.5 mm (n = 9). Head (Figs 1–4, 22). Head black except mandible and palps yellowish white; face square, 1 × width, surface polished, entirely covered with punctures. Clypeus 0.25 × width, covered with punctures, without clypeal suture. Malar space 0.9 × basal width of mandible (Fig 1). Lateral ocelli, without adjacent with eye, postocellar line1 × as long as diameter of posterior ocellus, oculo-ocellar line 0.9 × diameter of posterior ocellus (Fig 22). Antenna black, with 33 flagellomeres, 1.2 × fore wing length, length of first flagellomere 1.5 × that of second flagellomere. Mesosoma (Figs 5, 17). Mesosoma covered with hairs. Pronotum with epomia and shallow groove, groove without hairs. Mesoscutum without notauli. Scutellum triangular, covered with hairs. Epicnemium with wrinkles. Mesopleuron with hair, speculunm polished without hair, mesepleural fovea weak. Metapleuron hairy, with a pit between lower and upper division. Propodeum with weak carina, median longitudinal carina merged into a carina, basal area absent or forming a very tiny triangular area in the anterior end, areola pentagonal with width 1.5 × as long as length, apical transverse carina between areola and apical area very weak. Wings. Fore wing (Fig 23) approximately 3.8 mm. Areolet quadrangular, petiolate. CI, 0.85; DI, 0.5; MI, 0.47; SDI, 1.75. Legs (Figs 6–11, 17). Legs yellowish brown, hind coxa black (Fig 21). Longer tibial spur 4 × the shorter one on median legs (Fig 17), 2 × that on hind legs. Metasoma (Figs 12–14, 15–16, 18–20). Metasoma compressed, petiolate. PI, 2.0; DMI, 1.3. First tergite with a lateral pit in front of its spiracle, polished and smooth, posterior part of first tergite with sparse hairs (Figs 13–14). Anterior end of tergo-sternal suture with a short series of hairs. Second to eighth tergites covered with hairs. Ovipositor sheath ca. 0.5 mm, 0.5 × anterior part covered with hairs (Figs 19–20). Coloration (Fig. 21). Body black, except following part: mandible, maxillary palpus and labial palpus yellowish white. 0.2 × posterior part of second tergite and 0.7 × anterior part of third tergite yellowish brown. Second and third sternites yellowish brown. Cocoon (Figs 24–25). Ellipsoid in shape, 6.3–8.1 mm in length, 2.6–3.1 mm in diameter (n=9), brown. Distribution. Southern and central Taiwan (Tainan and Nantou). Bionomics. Host is Artona flavipuncta (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) (Fig. 26). Full grown wasp larva makes a cocoon tightly attached inside the host body. Emergence hole made by Hyposoter distriangulum is located on the meso-dorsal part of prothorax and mesothorax of the host. Etymology. The specific name distriangulum is a combination of “dis-” and “triangulum”, referring to the vestigial triangular basal area of propodeum. Remarks. In this genus, eight species have been recorded from China, Japan and Taiwan (Walker 1874; Kokujev 1915; Matsumura 1926; Sonan 1929; Chiu et al. 1984; He et al. 1996; Shao 2009; Konishi 2016). Among them, H. distriangulum sp. nov. is similar to H. vierecki Townes, Momoi & Townes, 1965 from Japan, H. posticae (Sonan, 1929) and H. taihorinensis from Taiwan (Uchida, 1932). The body size of samples of H. distriangulum examined in the present study ranges from 5.5 mm to 6.5 mm (n=9). The body size of H. vierecki Townes, Momoi & Townes, 1965, H. posticae (Sonan, 1929) and H. taihorinensis (Uchida, 1932) fall into this range, which is smaller than the other five species (body size over 7 mm). H. distriangulum sp. nov. differs from H. vierecki, H. posticae and H. taihorinensis by the following diagnostic characters: (1) Base and apex of both femur and tibia of hind legs are black in H. posticae. Femur of hind legs are orange-red and apex of tibia black in H. vierecki. Hind legs are dark maroon in H. taihorinensis. By contrast, in H. distriangulum both femur and tibia of hind legs are all red tinged with orange. (2) The abdomen is red in H. taihorinensis, and black in H. vierecki and H. posticae. In H. distriangulum, it is black with posterior part of second tergite and anterior part of third tergite dark brown; a pale patch is present in anterior half ventrally. (3) There is a prominent triangular basal area on propodeum in H. vierecki, but the basal area in H. distriangulum is vestigial with a tiny triangular remnant at the anterior end. This basal area on propodeum is completely missing in H. posticae and H. taihorinensis.Published as part of Young-Fa Chen, Chia-Lung Huang & Yu-Feng Hsu, 2017, DNA barcoding and morphological data reveal a new Hyposoter (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Porizontinae) reared from a rare zygaenid moth Artona flavipuncta Hampson, 1900 in Taiwan, pp. 279-287 in Zootaxa 4337 (2) on page 281, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4337.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/101879
The Political Economy of the Management and Supervision of the Public Service Pension Fund in Taiwan （1995－2009）
No full text我國公務人員退休撫卹基金，含括軍、公、政、教等不同身分別人員。自1995年7 月成立以來，不斷遭各界質疑的問題，包括：一、基金提撥費率偏低；二、基金營運績效欠佳；三、基金管理與監督隸屬同一體系；四、相關人員退休條件過於寬鬆；五、國庫撥補及保證收益制度，影響國家整體資源分配；六、政府承擔退撫基金最終支付責任，致有鉅額潛藏負債；七、退撫基金含括不同身分別人員，卻未分別提撥合理費率；八、管理委員會、監理委員會委員之代表性及專業性是否適足等問題。
本研究爰就退撫基金之形成、運作與變遷，從歷史政經脈絡、制度功能及組織結構等面向，探討其在管理運作與監督所面臨之上述問題，並參考其他國家經驗，檢視探討未來應加強之方向；經綜合提出下列建議意見：一、積極規劃調增退撫基金提撥費率，以有效解決基金財務困境；二、強化退撫基金之管理營運，以有效提昇基金運作績效；三、積極檢討退撫基金管理及監理組織結構，暨強化委員會委員之適任性，以有效增進組織運作機能；四、積極檢討國庫撥補及保證收益制度，以提昇整體資源運用效益；五、持續檢討公務人員退休條件及退撫基金費率結構，以有效解決潛藏負債問題。The Taiwan Public Service Pension Fund was defined by different levels of government staff and included all. Since the start of this program in July, 1995, it has been questioned in all its aspects, including : (1) the contribution rates of the fund were low for participants, (2) the performance of fund management and operation was inefficient and ineffective, (3) the management and supervision of the fund were parts of the same system, (4) the retirement conditions prescribed in the Government Employees Retirement Law were not explicit, (5) funding by the treasury and the profit guarantee system affecting resource allocation, (6) the final responsibility of paying the pension fund lies on the government, implying a huge amount of underfunded liability, (7) the pension fund covered different kinds of personnel such as military personnel, public servants, educators, and others, but there was no difference in rates for the different retirement conditions, and (8) the questions on the capability, qualification, and professionalism of the members of the management board and the supervisory board.
This study explores the issues of the foundation, operation, and transition of the pension fund as mentioned above, with respect to historical, political, and economical contexts, system functions, organizational structure, and recommendations from other countries. The following are items that should be improved in the future: (1) actively planning for adding different pension fund contribution rates, (2) improving the management and operation of the pension fund in order to effectively increase the performance of operating fund, (3) actively reviewing the management of the pension fund and the structure of the supervisory organization in order to make sure all the members are capable and qualified to effectively improve the operational mechanism of the organization, (4) actively reviewing the national treasury appropriation and the profit guarantee system in order to increase the overall effectiveness of resource usage, and (5) continuously reviewing public servants’ retirement conditions and pension fund rate structure in order to effectively solve the potential liability problem
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