14,108 research outputs found
Interferometric 12CO(J=2-1) Image of the Circumnuclear Region in the Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 1097
No full textThe first 12CO(J=2-1) interferometric image of the Seyfert 1
galaxy NGC 1097 is presented in this work. The 12CO(J=2-1)
map shows a strong nuclear concentration coincident with the
Seyfert nucleus, and a molecular ring corresponding to the
starburst ring shown in optical images. The 12CO(J=2-1)/(J=1-0) intensity ratio of the nuclear concentration is up to 1.95+-0.14 and it suggests that the
physical condition of the central molecular gas is warm
(>250 K) and dense (~10^4 cm^-3). A velocity map shows that the nuclear molecular gas is rotating with the molecular ring in the same sense, while its velocity gradient is much steeper than that of the ring. This steep velocity gradient
at the central molecular gas can be interpreted as a highly-inclined disk or low-inclined disk with small radius. In the case of the highly-inclined disk, it could be clumpy, or warped, or with large truncation between AGN and torus to see through the AGN. In the case of the low-inclined disk, its size has to be small enough to explain the steep velocity gradient. The molecular ring is a site of starburst judged by a physical conditions relatively warmer and denser than the GMCs, and an analysis of Toomre instability suggests star formation in the ring. The origin of the ring may be attributed to Lindblad resonance, which is suggested by the hydrodynamical simulation.Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 NGC 1097 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 OBSERVATIONS AND DATA REDUCTION 9
3 RESULTS 14
3.1 12CO(J=2-1) Emission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.2 Kinematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.2.1 Velocity Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.2.2 Position-Velocity Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.2.3 Rotation Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.3 Line Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.4 Mass Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4 DISCUSSIONS 38
4.1 Physical conditions of the circumnuclear gas . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.1.1 Local Thermal Equilibrium (LTE) . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.1.2 Large Velocity Gradient (LVG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.2 Nuclear gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4.2.1 Nature of the nuclear gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4.2.2 Is the circumnuclear gas the hypothetical circumnu-
clear torus? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.3 Molecular Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4.3.1 Is the molecular ring related to the starburst ring? . . 55
4.3.2 Lifetime of the molecular ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4.3.3 Origin of the molecular ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5 SUMMARY 60
A Radiation Transfer 6
The Effect of Monetary Policy on the Chinese Bank Liquidity Creation
No full text近年來中國政府積極執行貨幣政策，無非希望拉動中國經濟導向正向發展。銀行業作為金融中介機構，在中央銀行的貨幣政策傳遞上具有特殊的定位和作用，銀行業是否能良好的反應貨幣政策，執行其「流動性創造」功能，成為當今中國總體環境下重要的影響因素之一。 然而，流動性創造雖增加市場流動性，但同時造成銀行資產負債期限錯配問題更為嚴重，政府為控管銀行風險，導致銀行流動性創造功能的發揮受到影響，反而更積極的採取繞道方式，透過中國式的影子銀行像是資產負債表外項目及信託資產等方式進行流動性創造。 因此，本文結合三大元素：(1)銀行業流動性創造功能、(2)中國人民銀行貨幣政策、(3)影子銀行因素，透過實證研究探討中央銀行所實施的貨幣政策，對中國銀行業流動性創造功能是否造成影響，進而最終反應在實體經濟。同時，也會探討加入影子銀行因素後，是否會使影響效果有所變化。 研究結果發現，不論是否考慮影子銀行因素，銀行的流動性創造功能將受到中央銀行的貨幣政策變化而產生改變，且兩者間呈現顯著負相關，表示中央銀行執行緊縮貨幣政策時，將使銀行流動性創造效果下降，且不論對五大商業銀行、全國股份制商業銀行及城市商業銀行皆存在同樣效果，表示貨幣政策與銀行的流動性創造能夠彼此相輔相成改變市場流動性；反之，本文也證實中央銀行的貨幣政策的確會考量商業銀行的流動性創造情形，尤其是重貼現率及一年期貸款利率，與流動性創造呈現顯著正相關，表示銀行的流動性創造越大，會使中央銀行以緊縮貨幣政策，預防流動性過於氾濫。In recent years, Chinese government actively implement monetary policy, is nothing more than hope to pull forward the development of China''s economic orientation. The banking sector as a financial intermediary, has a special position and role in the central bank''s monetary policy is passed, the banking industry if a good response of monetary policy, the implementation of its ""liquidity creation"" function, an important overall environmental impact of today''s China one of the factors. However, although the increase in market liquidity and create liquidity, but also causing bank debt maturity mismatch of assets is more serious, the government for the regulatory bank risk, bank liquidity creation leads to exert the function affected, but to take a more active bypass mode through Chinese-style shadow banking balance sheet items such as trust assets and other ways to create liquidity. Therefore, this combination of three elements: (1) banking sector liquidity creation function, (2) People''s Bank of China monetary policy, (3) the shadow banking factors discussed monetary policy implemented by the central bank through empirical research on China''s banking sector liquidity creation functions are affected, and then the final reaction in the real economy. At the same time, also after joining the shadow banking factors, whether the change will affect the results. Study found that regardless of whether the factors to consider shadow banking, bank liquidity creation functions will be subject to changes in monetary policy arising from changes in the central bank and presented significant negative correlation between the two, the implementation of the central bank to tighten monetary policy, said the bank will liquidity creation effect is reduced, and regardless of the five commercial banks, the national joint-stock commercial banks and city commercial banks are the presence of the same effect, indicating that monetary policy and bank liquidity creation can complement each other to change the market liquidity; the other hand, the paper also confirmed that the central bank the monetary policy will indeed consider the case of commercial banks liquidity creation, especially heavy discount rate and the one-year lending interest rate, and liquidity creation presents significant positive correlation, the greater bank liquidity creation, will make the central bank to tighten monetary policy to prevent the spread of liquidity too
Identifying Biodiversity Hotspots by Predictive Models: A Case Study Using Taiwan’s Endemic Bird Species
No full textsj-doc-1-cre-10.1177_02692155231166220 - Supplemental material for Comparison of corticosteroid injection, physiotherapy and combined treatment for patients with chronic subacromial bursitis – A randomised controlled trial
No full textSupplemental material, sj-doc-1-cre-10.1177_02692155231166220 for Comparison of corticosteroid injection, physiotherapy and combined treatment for patients with chronic subacromial bursitis – A randomised controlled trial by Lin-Fen Hsieh, Ying-Chen Kuo, Yu-Hao Huang, Ya-Fang Liu and Tien-Lee Hsieh in Clinical Rehabilitation</p
sj-docx-2-cre-10.1177_02692155231166220 - Supplemental material for Comparison of corticosteroid injection, physiotherapy and combined treatment for patients with chronic subacromial bursitis – A randomised controlled trial
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-2-cre-10.1177_02692155231166220 for Comparison of corticosteroid injection, physiotherapy and combined treatment for patients with chronic subacromial bursitis – A randomised controlled trial by Lin-Fen Hsieh, Ying-Chen Kuo, Yu-Hao Huang, Ya-Fang Liu and Tien-Lee Hsieh in Clinical Rehabilitation</p
sj-docx-4-cre-10.1177_02692155231166220 - Supplemental material for Comparison of corticosteroid injection, physiotherapy and combined treatment for patients with chronic subacromial bursitis – A randomised controlled trial
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-4-cre-10.1177_02692155231166220 for Comparison of corticosteroid injection, physiotherapy and combined treatment for patients with chronic subacromial bursitis – A randomised controlled trial by Lin-Fen Hsieh, Ying-Chen Kuo, Yu-Hao Huang, Ya-Fang Liu and Tien-Lee Hsieh in Clinical Rehabilitation</p
sj-pdf-3-cre-10.1177_02692155231166220 - Supplemental material for Comparison of corticosteroid injection, physiotherapy and combined treatment for patients with chronic subacromial bursitis – A randomised controlled trial
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-3-cre-10.1177_02692155231166220 for Comparison of corticosteroid injection, physiotherapy and combined treatment for patients with chronic subacromial bursitis – A randomised controlled trial by Lin-Fen Hsieh, Ying-Chen Kuo, Yu-Hao Huang, Ya-Fang Liu and Tien-Lee Hsieh in Clinical Rehabilitation</p
Statistical methods for evaluating the linearity in assay validation
No full text[[abstract]]One of the most important characteristics for evaluation of the accuracy in assay validation is the linearity. Kroll, et al. [1] proposed a method based on the average deviation from linearity (ADL) to evaluate the linearity. Hsieh and Liu [2] suggested that hypothesis for proving the linearity be formulated as the alternative hypothesis and proposed the corrected Kroll's method. However, the issue concerning the variability in estimation of the non-centrality parameter is still unresolved. Consequently, the type I error rates may still be inflated for the corrected Kroll's method. To overcome this issue, we propose the sum of squares of deviations from linearity (SSDL) as an alternative metric for evaluation of linearity. Based on SSDL, we applied the method of generalized pivotal quantities (GPQ) for the inference of evaluation of linearity. The simulation studies were conducted to empirically investigate the size and power between current and proposed methods. The simulation results show that the proposed GPQ method not only adequately control size but also provide sufficient power than other methods. A numeric example illustrates the proposed methods
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