131,357 research outputs found
Andy Howland, south Union , Custer County, Nebraska.
No full text'Bachelor proved up on claim and borrowed 500 for any track of him.' Also see RG2608-757 for a picture of Charles Howland
Focusing and accommodation in the brown kiwi (Apteryx australis)
No full textBrown kiwis are an endangered species of nocturnal, flightless birds which are native to New Zealand. The resting focus of two specimens has previously been studied by retinoscopy in a zoo while the birds were restrained by their keeper (Sivak and Howland 1987). Those birds appeared to be hyperopic (farsighted) by 2-7 D. In this study, examination with infrared photorefraction of the focusing of two unrestrained, feeding birds showed that they could focus objects at infinity and objects in their immediate environment and that they had modest powers of accommodation. Measurements on two 6 month old kiwi chicks showed their corneal radius of curvature to be between 2.90 and 3.00 mm (117 D and 101 D in power)
Restricted range in ocular accommodation in barn owls (Aves:Tytonidae)
No full textIn an examination of the focusing abilities of 15 species of owls, the North American barn owl, Tyto alba pratincola (Bonaparte 1838), was an outstanding accommodator, having a range of accommodation exceeding 10 diopters (Murphy and Howland 1983). Using comparable methods, we examined the accommodation of 4 species of the Australian barn owl, Tyto alba delicatula (Gould 1837). We failed to elicit accommodation greater than two diopters, and most stimuli failed to evoke any discernable accommodation at all. Furthermore, examination of other Australian tytonid owls, the grass owl, T. longimembris, the sooty owl, T. tenebricosa, and both the mainland and Tasmanian sub-species of the masked owl, T. novaehollandiae novaehollandiae and T. novaehollandiae castanops, also failed to reveal anything but very moderate accommodative ranges. We conclude that the outstanding accommodative ability of the American barn owl is truly an exception to the modest accommodative abilities of the tytonid owls generally
Measurement of monochromatic ocular aberrations of human eyes as a function of accommodation by the howland aberroscope technique
No full textAbstractFurther development of the objective version of the Howland and Howland [1976] Science, 193, 580–582; (1977) Journal of the Optical Society of America, 67, 1508–1518] aberroscope technique for measuring ocular aberrations is described. Compensation for refractive corrections and calibration is discussed. The technique was used to investigate the effect of accommodation upon the monochromatic aberrations of the right eyes of 15 subjects. Coma and coma-like aberrations were the dominant aberrations for most people at different accommodation levels, thus confirming previous findings. Variations in aberrations were considerable between subjects. About half the subjects showed the classical trend towards negative spherical aberration with accommodation. Changes in spherical aberration with accommodation in this study were less than that found in previous studies where all monochromatic aberration was considered to be spherical aberration
Critical appraisal and update on the clinical utility of agomelatine, a melatonergic agonist, for the treatment of major depressive disease in adults
No full textThis article describes the pharmacology of the novel atypical antidepressant drug agomelatine, critically reviews and evaluates its clinical use for the treatment of major depression, and suggests areas for further research. Agomelatine is a synthetic analog of the hormone melatonin. It stimulates the activity of melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors and inhibits the activity of serotonin 5HT-2C receptor subtypes. Three acute trials demonstrated clinically modest, but statistically significant benefits over placebo. Three acute trials did not find agomelatine more effective than placebo. A meta-analysis of these six trials demonstrated a small, statistically significant, marginally clinically relevant difference between agomelatine and placebo. The only placebo-controlled study in elderly patients did not demonstrate a significant benefit for agomelatine. It was more effective than placebo in only one of two relapse prevention studies. Agomelatine was generally well tolerated compared to placebo. Its side-effect profile is different than and compares favorably to other antidepressant drugs. The overall tolerability of agomelatine in head-to-head comparisons was not substantially better than active drug comparators. Agomelatine is contraindicated in patients with impaired liver function and in patients taking drugs that potently inhibit CYP-1A2 metabolic enzymes. Because elevated liver enzymes are common, and there is a rare risk of more serious liver reactions, routine laboratory monitoring of liver function is recommended periodically throughout treatment. Agomelatine does not have clinically significant advantages compared to other antidepressant drugs, and it has certain limitations and disadvantages. Because of its unique pharmacology and relatively benign tolerability profile, however, it may be a useful alternative for patients who do not respond to or cannot tolerate other antidepressant drugs. © 2009 Howland, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd
Double-diffusive transport in multicomponent vertical convection
No full textMotivated by the ablation of vertical ice faces in salt water, we use
three-dimensional direct numerical simulations to investigate the heat and salt
fluxes in two-scalar vertical convection. For parameters relevant to ice-ocean
interfaces in the convection-dominated regime, we observe that the salinity
field drives the convection and that heat is essentially transported as a
passive scalar. By varying the diffusivity ratio of heat and salt (i.e., the
Lewis number ), we identify how the different molecular diffusivities
affect the scalar fluxes through the system. Away from the walls, we find that
the heat transport is determined by a turbulent Prandtl number of and that double-diffusive effects are practically negligible. However, the
difference in molecular diffusivities plays an important role close to the
boundaries. In the (unrealistic) case where salt diffused faster than heat, the
ratio of salt-to-heat fluxes would scale as , consistent with
classical nested scalar boundary layers. However, in the realistic case of
faster heat diffusion (relative to salt), we observe a transition towards a
scaling of the ratio of the fluxes. This coincides with the thermal
boundary layer width growing beyond the thickness of the viscous boundary
layer. We find that this transition is not determined by a critical Lewis
number, but rather by a critical Prandtl number , slightly below
that for cold seawater where . We compare our results to similar studies
of sheared and double-diffusive flow under ice shelves, and discuss the
implications for fluxes in large-scale ice-ocean models. By coupling our
results to ice-ocean interface thermodynamics, we describe how the flux ratio
impacts the interfacial salinity, and hence the strength of solutal convection
and the ablation rate.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figure
Boundary layers in turbulent vertical convection at high Prandtl number
No full textMany environmental flows arise due to natural convection at a vertical surface, from flows in buildings to dissolving ice faces at marine-terminating glaciers. We use three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of a vertical channel with differentially heated walls to investigate such convective, turbulent boundary layers. Through the implementation of a multiple-resolution technique, we are able to perform simulations at a wide range of Prandtl numbers Pr. This allows us to distinguish the parameter dependences of the horizontal heat flux and the boundary layer widths in terms of the Rayleigh number Ra and Prandtl number Pr. For the considered parameter range 1 ≤ Pr ≤ 100, 106 ≤ Ra ≤ 109, we find the flow to be consistent with a ‘buoyancy-controlled’ regime where the heat flux is independent of the wall separation. For given Pr, the heat flux is found to scale linearly with the friction velocity V∗. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for the parameterisation of heat and salt fluxes at vertical ice–ocean interfaces
Phase II archaeological survey – Pedestrian survey, City of Bentley, Sedgwick County, Kansas
No full textTechnical report prepared for the City of Bentley for consideration by the City of Bentley and the Kansas State Historic Preservation Office
Phase II archaeological survey – Shovel testing, City of Belle Plaine, Sumner County, Kansas
No full textTechnical report prepared for the City of Belle Plaine for consideration by the Osage Nation Tribal Historic Preservation Office
Charles Howland and wife, Union , Nebraska, Custer County, Nebraska.
No full textHis brother Andrew proved up on his claim and received 500 reward for any clue as to his whereabouts. He was supposed to have been murdered 'in a Brothel' according to Butcher. Also see RG2608-1093
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