1,470 research outputs found
Investigating the function of the retention/retrieval, ERp57-binding and glycan-binding sites of calreticulin in MHC class I antigen presentation
No full textCalreticulin (CRT) is an Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) resident protein involved in intracellular calcium homeostasis and the folding of newly synthesised glycoproteins. CRT also forms part of the peptide loading complex (PLC) where it assists in Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I folding, maturation and peptide loading with the assistance of ERp57. CRT's localisation is kept in check through a C-terminal Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL) sequence that retrieves it to the ER through the KDEL receptor. The CRT -/- mouse fibroblast cell line K42 loads MHC class I molecules and presents endogenous antigens to cytotoxic T lymphocytes inefficiently ~Gao et al 2002). Importantly, the trafficking speed of the endogenous class I alleles (H-2Kb and H-2D ) to the cell surface was shown to be faster in K42 than in its CRT +/+ counterpart K4I; furthermore fewer MHC I were incorporated into the PLC in K42 (Gao et aI., 2002), similar to a class I Tl34K mutant that fails to present antigen efficiently (Lewis et aI., 1996). This suggests that CRT influences MHC I trafficking rate and may recruit MHC I to the PLC, ensuring efficient MHC I antigen presentation. In this study, the role of CRT was further dissected using a series of mutant constructs that were expressed in K42 and their effects on MHC I antigen presentation determined. The mutants were designed to address three questions: the role of the c-terminus and KDEL in MHC I retention / retrieval; the importance of the interaction between CRT and ERp57; and the effect of mutation of CRT's glycan-binding site on MHC I antigen presentation. Unexpectedly, the glycan-binding CRT mutant fully restored MHC I antigen presentation, suggesting that polypeptide interactions define CRT substrate specificity. However, efficient MHC I assembly with the PLC was shown to require an interaction between CRT and ERp57. The trafficking rate of MHC I was influenced not just by the KDEL sequence but also by the interaction between CRT and ERp57 and by undefined residues within the 11 c-terminal amino acids of CRT, consistent with a role in MHC I retention / retrieval. Cumulatively, results show that the CRT's c-terminus, KDEL sequence and ERp57 binding site, but not CRT's glycan-binding site, are obligatory for efficient MHC I antigen presentation.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
'Pilings of Thought Under Spoken': The Poetry of Susan Howe, 1974-1993.
No full textPhDThis thesis discusses the poetry published by contemporary American poet Susan
Howe over a period of almost two decades. The dissertation is chiefly concerned with
articulating the relationship between poetic form, history, and authority in this body
of' work. Howe's poetry dredges the past for the linguistic effects of patriarchy,
colonialism and war. My reading of the work is an exploration of the ways in which a
disjunctive poetics can address such historical trauma. The poems, rather than
attempting to reinstate voices lifted from what Howe has called "the dark side of
history", are a means of reflecting the resistance that the past offers to contemporary
investigation. It is the effacement, and not the recovery, of history's victims, that is
discernible in the contours of these highly opaque texts. Notions of authority are most
often addressed in the poetry through the figure of paternal absence, which has a
threefold function in the work, serving to represent social authority, an aporetic
conception of divinity and an autobiographical narrative. Alongside the antiauthoritarian
currents in the writing - critiques, for example, of the doctrine of
Manifest Destiny or of scapegoating versions of femininity - my thesis stresses Howe's
engagement with negative theology and with a strain of American Protestant
enthusiasm that has its roots in 17th century New England. The dissertation explores
the dissonance caused by the co-existence in the poetry of elements of political dissent
and religious mysticism. Finally, I consider Howe's engagement with literary history
and authors such as Shakespeare, Swift, Thoreau and Melville. The manner in which
Howe deploys the words of others in her work, I argue, allows for a mixture of textual
polyphony and a more conventional notion of authorial 'voice'
The Gospel on the Margins: The Ideological Function of the Patristic Tradition on the Evangelist Mark
Get PDFIn spite of the virtually unanimous patristic opinion that the evangelist Mark was the interpreter of Peter, one of the most prestigious apostolic founding figures in Christian memory, the Gospel of Mark was mostly neglected in the patristic period. Not only is the text of Mark the least well represented of the canonical Gospels in terms of the number of patristic citations, commentaries and manuscripts, the explicit comments about the evangelist Mark reveal some ambivalence about its literary or theological value. In my survey of the reception of Mark from Papias of Hierapolis until Clement of Alexandria, I will argue that the reason why the patristic writers were hesitant to embrace the Gospel of Mark was that they perceived the text to be amenable to the Christological beliefs and social praxis of rival Christian factions. The patristic tradition about Mark may have little historical basis, but it had an important ideological function in appropriating the text in the name of an apostolic authority from the margins or periphery
The sense of a beginning : Bakhtinian dialogic criticism on 'the gospel' in Mark.
Get PDFContemporary literary approaches have caused paradigm shifts in Biblical Studies in the last two decades as it appears in a great deal of Markan studies using narrative, reader-response, deconstructive, feminist, and new historicist approaches. However, literary studies on the Gospel of Mark have not taken into account theoretical questions underlying those approaches. As a result biblical critics are driven by new trends without ever having a chance to examine the critical baggage of the approaches. Consequently, there is a gap of communication between the old and the new one. Therefore this thesis is an attempt to meet the need of enhancing the quality of critical endeavour in biblical studies. In the light of most recent competing critical theories of literature, the first contribution of this thesis is the methodological finding that Bakhtinian dialogic criticism contains the most profound philosophical and practical foundations for solving some crucial theoretical problems in contemporary literary theories. It is a critique to a Saussurian linguistic system of language which becomes the very foundation of modern and postmodern literary criticism. Bakhtinian literary theory shifts the foundation of literary criticism on linguistic signs into the creative activity of the socio-cultural production of human communication. The shift into socio-cultural reality of language communication makes the notion of 'genre' very important to unlock the problem of text and context in literary studies. Since the Gospel of Mark has fascinated most literary critics in Biblical Studies, the problem of 'genre' of this gospel is chosen as the focus of this study. Secondly, as no agreement is reached as to what 'genre' the Gospel of Mark belongs, this thesis makes its contribution to the discussion by locating the problem of 'genre' of Mark in the context of genre theories and argues that the Bakhtinian suggestion to find genre in the socio-cultural sphere by analysing artistic intercourse between narrative agents in Mark has freed the competing analysis from the unresolved problem between the kerygmatic (content oriented) approach and the analogical (form oriented) approach. To achieve finding 'genre' in the socio-cultural sphere, this thesis focuses on Bakhtinian analysis of the process of artistic intercourse between narrative agents. The narrative communicative interrelationships between narrative agents is constructed in this thesis as a 'stereophonic' Bakhtinian model of dialogic communication. This model is an original contribution of this thesis for revising the traditional two dimensional model of narrative communication. Based on this dialogical model of communication, a special role is given to the Bakhtinian 'author-creator' in the realization process of genre through the interaction of polyphonic voices. Through the interaction of voices of the author-artist and the hero we are led to discover a relatively stable type of portraying and controlling reality in Mark, known as the genre of Roman 'satire'. The closest literary affinity is Satyrica by Petronius. This narrative strategy of 'satire' in Mark has its root in the prophetic discourse of the Old Testament which is saturating the speech of the narrator, John the Immerser, the centurion, the people, and even Jesus. Finally, the whole search for Markan 'genre' culminates in the analysis of the realization of genre through the analysis of Bakhtinian chronotope. The reality of the genre of Mark is its social reality that is in its role as dpxrj/ 'beginning'. As the Gospel of Mark proclaims itself as 'a beginning', it defines its claim of socio-cultural 'authority' in early Christianity. It is this 'sense of beginning' which enables the narrating and the narrated world of Mark to interact dialogically
Holding Canada's Cities to Account: an Assessment of Municipal Fiscal Management
Get PDFCities are the most visible level of government for most Canadians, providing services such as waste collection, policing and transit. Yet their budgets are the most opaque of any level of government. Municipalities generally use accounting in their budgets that does not match what they use in their financial reports. Peering through the messy numbers reveals that most cities routinely miss budget targets by large amounts. Councillors and taxpayers who seek to hold these municipal governments to account face a daunting task. Amid the mixed record, however, are some municipalities with clearer numbers and better records for spending control. That fact, along with improvements that have occurred at the federal and provincial levels in recent years, shows that progress is possible. The authors suggest five basic reforms would create clearer, more consistent budgets and would bring the financial management of Canada’s municipalities into line with their fiscal impact and their importance in Canadians’ lives.Fiscal & Tax Competitiveness, Governance and Public Institutions, Urban Issues Series, Canadian municipalities, fiscal management, municipal budgets
Oregon Justice Reinvestment Initiative: return on investment
No full textsubmitted to: Oregon Criminal Justice Commission ; principal investigator: Mauri Matsuda, Ph.D. ; co-investigators: Christopher Campbell, Ph.D., Christopher Dollar, M.S., Mark Leymon, Ph.D., Brian Renauer, Ph.D.This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references (pages 38-39).Funded by: Oregon Criminal Justice Commission.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Essay piece by Christopher Barry, on the opening game of the Portland Mountain
No full textEssay piece by Christopher Barry, on the opening game of the Portland Mountain Cats, the city\u27s new professional basketball team. The author writes that Mark McClure, president and general manager of the Mountain Cats, will have to entertain the crowd during the team\u27s May 26 game. Barry and McClure had a bet on the number of people who would attend the opening game, and McClure lost
What Does it Cost Society to Raise a Dollar of Tax Revenue? The Marginal Cost of Public Funds
Get PDFThe marginal cost of public funds measures the welfare loss a society incurs in raising an additional dollar of tax revenue. Tax increases distort economic decisions and erode tax bases because of tax avoidance and tax evasion by taxpayers. This Commentary uses econometric estimates of the effects of higher provincial tax rates on the provinces’ corporate income tax, personal income tax, and sales tax bases to calculate the marginal cost of public funds (MCF) for these taxes. The results indicate that the cost of increasing provincial tax revenues through a corporate tax rate increase is very high, and in some provinces, corporate tax rate reductions in 2006 would have increased the present value of the provincial government’s total tax revenues. The results also suggest that significant welfare gains would accrue from reducing provincial corporate income tax rates. As well, increasing provincial corporate and personal income tax rates can cause significant reductions in federal tax revenues because the federal and provincial governments levy taxes on the same tax bases. Finally, Canada’s system of the equalization grants might reduce the perceived MCF of recipient provinces.Fiscal and Tax Competitiveness, marginal cost of public funds (MCF)
Precision Targeting: The Economics – and Politics – of Improving Canada’s Inflation-Targeting Framework
Get PDFThe Bank of Canada’s inflation-targeting framework, since its inception in 1991, has proven itself a success. Yet further improvements in the system should be considered seriously for inclusion in a renewed monetary policy agreement, between the Bank of Canada and the federal government, and renewal is due in 2011. Some improvements would deliver genuine economic benefits to millions of Canadians over the years ahead. Lowering the target rate for consumer price inflation in particular would help secure the domestic purchasing power of our financial assets. Such a change, however, should be part of a coherent framework, which addresses financial stability goals and political imperatives.Monetary Policy, Bank of Canada, inflation targeting, Statistics Canada, CPI, Ministry of Finance, Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions
Short-term transitional leave and recidivism
No full textsubmitted to: Oregon Criminal Justice Commission ; investigators: Mark Leymon, Ph.D., Christopher Campbell, Ph.D., Kris Henning, Ph.D.Title from PDF title page (viewed on September 14, 2022).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references (pages 27-29).Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
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