998 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-tag-10.1177_17562848231168714 – Supplemental material for Real-world outcomes associated with vonoprazan-based versus proton pump inhibitor-based therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in Japan
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-tag-10.1177_17562848231168714 for Real-world outcomes associated with vonoprazan-based versus proton pump inhibitor-based therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in Japan by Colin W. Howden, Erin E. Cook, Elyse Swallow, Karen Yang, Helen Guo, Corey Pelletier, Rinu Jacob and Kentaro Sugano in Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology</p
Orbit design for future SpaceChip swarm missions in a planetary atmosphere
No full textThe effect of solar radiation pressure and atmospheric drag on the orbital dynamics of satellites-on-a-chip (SpaceChips) is exploited to design equatorial long-lived orbits about the oblate Earth. The orbit energy gain due to asymmetric solar radiation pressure, considering the Earth's shadow, is used to balance the energy loss due to atmospheric drag. Future missions for a swarm of SpaceChips are proposed, where a number of small devices are released from a conventional spacecraft to perform spatially distributed measurements of the conditions in the ionosphere and exosphere. It is shown that the orbit lifetime can be extended and indeed selected through solar radiation pressure and the end-of-life re-entry of the swarm can be ensured, by exploiting atmospheric drag
The Neural Basis of Successful Word Reading in Aphasia
No full textObjective: Understanding the neural basis of recovery from stroke is a major research goal. Many functional neuroimaging studies have identified changes in brain activity in people with aphasia, but it is unclear whether these changes truly support successful performance or merely reflect increased task difficulty. We addressed this problem by examining differences in brain activity associated with correct and incorrect responses on an overt reading task. On the basis of previous proposals that semantic retrieval can assist pronunciation of written words, we hypothesized that recruitment of semantic areas would be greater on successful trials. Methods: Participants were 21 patients with left-hemisphere stroke with phonologic retrieval deficits. They read words aloud during an event-related fMRI paradigm. BOLD signals obtained during correct and incorrect trials were contrasted to highlight brain activity specific to successful trials. Results: Successful word reading was associated with higher BOLD signal in the left angular gyrus. In contrast, BOLD signal in bilateral posterior inferior frontal cortex, SMA, and anterior cingulate cortex was greater on incorrect trials. Interpretation: These data show for the first time the brain regions where neural activity is correlated specifically with successful performance in people with aphasia. The angular gyrus is a key node in the semantic network, consistent with the hypothesis that additional recruitment of the semantic system contributes to successful word production when phonologic retrieval is impaired. Higher activity in other brain regions during incorrect trials likely reflects secondary engagement of attention, working memory, and error monitoring processes when phonologic retrieval is unsuccessful.Peer reviewe
Surface Errors Without Semantic Impairment in Acquired Dyslexia: A Voxel-Based Lesion-Symptom Mapping Study
No full textPatients with surface dyslexia have disproportionate difficulty pronouncing irregularly spelled words (e.g., pint), suggesting impaired use of lexical-semantic information to mediate phonological retrieval. Patients with this deficit also make characteristic "regularization" errors, in which an irregularly spelled word is mispronounced by incorrect application of regular spelling-sound correspondences (e.g., reading plaid as "played"), indicating over-reliance on sublexical grapheme-phoneme correspondences. We examined the neuroanatomical correlates of this specific error type in 45 left hemisphere chronic stroke patients. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) showed a strong positive relationship between the rate of regularization errors and damage to the posterior half of the left middle temporal gyrus. Semantic deficits on tests of single-word comprehension were generally mild, and these deficits were not correlated with the rate of regularization errors. Furthermore, the deep occipital-temporal white matter locus associated with these mild semantic deficits was distinct from the lesion site associated with regularization errors. Thus, in contrast to patients with surface dyslexia and semantic impairment from anterior temporal lobe degeneration, surface errors in our patients were not related to a semantic deficit. We propose that these patients have an inability to link intact semantic representations with phonological representations. The data provide novel evidence for a post-semantic mechanism mediating the production of surface errors, and suggest that the posterior middle temporal gyrus may compute an intermediate representation linking semantics with phonology.Peer reviewe
The productivity effects of decentralized reforms - an analysis of the Chinese industrial reforms
Get PDFThe empirical literature on the effects of ownership has not distinguished between the effects of ownership and the effects of control. It has also generally ignored the dynamic effects of various ownership and control rights. Using a rich set of panel data about changes in China's state-owned enterprises, the author examines the static and dynamic effects of decentralizing ownership and control rights. He finds that productivity and growth rates improved significantly when reform improved the incentives for managers and employees to learn and to work hard - for example by decentralizing the rights to control wages, make production decisions, and appoint new managers. Increasing profit-retention rates and adopting performance contracts - conventionally viewed as the most important reforms for China's state enterprises - did not improve productivity much. Overall, decentralization accounted for a least 42 percent of productivity growth in Chinese state enterprises in the 1980s. Much of that gain came from improvements in the growth rate of productivity rather than in improved levels of productivity.Labor Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Public Health Promotion,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Municipal Financial Management
Lack of Evidence for an Association Between Heliobacter pylori Infection and the Anorexia of Aging
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