191,193 research outputs found
Antihistamines in rhinoconjunctivitis
No full textIn allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, histamine is known to contribute predominantly to nasal itch, sneeze, rhinorrhea, conjunctival itch, and lacrimation and these symptoms benefit most from H1-antihistamine therapy. The discovery in the early 1980s of nonsedating H1-receptor antagonists contributed dramatically to the more widespread acceptance of this mode of therapy. This also led to the undertaking of well-designed clinical trials that have added significantly to our understanding of allergic rhinitis. Oral treatment modifies both nasal and ocular symptoms and provides effective control throughout a 24-h period with once- or twice-daily medication. The advent of topical H1-receptor antagonists offers a wider choice of treatments and provides equal or greater efficacy with lower systemic bioavailability. While having a major impact on rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms, H1-antihistamines do not fully modify disease since histamine is not the only contributor to symptom generation in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. While the search for oral H1-antihistamines with more widespread "antiallergic" activity continues, the currently available medications modify predominantly histamine-regulated events despite in vitro evidence of greater potential. The development of these new medications may be the next significant advance in this mode of treatment
δ Orionis: Further temporal variability and evidence for small-scale structure in the interstellar medium
No full textWe report here the detection of both spatial and temporal variations in interstellar absorption in the line of sight to δ Orionis. First, we present new high-resolution (R≈110 000) observations of the interstellar D lines of Na i towards both δ Ori A and C. Comparison of these spectra highlights variations in absorption between the two stars, indicative of small-scale spatial structure in the interstellar medium in this direction over distances of less than ≈15 000 au (the projected separation of the two stars). Components with the largest Na i column densities and lowest velocity dispersions are, in general, found to be subject to the greatest differences; in fact the narrowest component detected is only observed in one of the sightlines. This effect has also been reported by Meyer & Blades. Secondly, we present new ultra-high-resolution (R≈900 000) Na i D1 observations and high-resolution (R≈110 000) Ca ii H & K observations of δ Ori A which, through ultra-high-resolution work conducted between 1994 and 2000, has been shown to exhibit a time-variable interstellar Na i absorption component. These new observations, while revealing the further reduction in intensity of the time-variable Na i absorption, indicate constant Ca ii absorption over the same period. This results in a dramatic reduction in the Na°/Ca+ abundance ratio, perhaps indicating the line of sight to be gradually probing a less-dense outer region of an absorbing filament
Impinging Howarth stagnation-point flows
No full textThe flow of one Howarth stagnation-point flow impinging directly on another Howarth stagnation-point flow is studied, and an exact similarity solution to the Navier-Stokes equations is found. The upper layer fluid has density ρ1 and kinematic viscosity ʋ1 while the lower layer fluid has density ρ2 and kinematic viscosity ʋ2 and the two fluids are assumed to be immiscible. This problem has potentially five independent parameters to investigate, but application of the continuity of the normal stresses at the interface imposes restrictions which reduces the problem to one with three independent parameters, namely a ratio σ of strain rates and the fluid parameter ratios ρ = ρ1/ρ2 and ʋ = ʋ1/ʋ2. Numerical results are presented for selected values of ρ and ʋ for a range of σ and show that stable results exist for all values of σ > 0, and for a range of negative σ values. Sample stable velocity profiles are also presented
Staphylococci and staphylococcal superantigens in asthma and rhinitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textA potential role of S. aureus superantigens in allergic respiratory diseases is supported by results of this meta-analysis of clinical studie
Josephiella Matsunaga & Howarth & Kumashiro 2019, n. sp.
No full text<i>Josephiella</i> n. sp. A (apparently undescribed) <p> <b>NEW STATE RECORD</b></p> <p> An agaonid wasp new to science was discovered causing galls on the stems of <i>Ficus microcarpa</i>. Terminal stems of affected trees appeared unhealthy with a sparse foliar canopy. Initial observers of this damage were under the assumption that the same species which causes leaf galling on <i>F. microcarpa</i> (<i>Josephiella microcarpae</i>) was also causing the galling on stems of the same plant. However, closer examination of the stem-galling wasps showed that while both the leaf-galler and the stem-galler are morphologically similar in many ways, this in fact may be a different species. Both leaf and stem-gallers can be found on the same plant. Jean-Yves Rasplus, co-author of the leaf-galling <i>J. microcarpae</i>, agreed that this could be an undescribed species and is currently working on its species description.</p> <p> Subsequent to the initial discovery of this stem-galler on Oahu in 2012, infested <i>F. microcarpa</i> were quickly noted on Hawaii and Maui. In May, 2016, galled <i>F. microcarpa</i> stems with exit holes were collected from Molokai and in July, 2017, from Kauai. However, material from these islands were too old and no adults could be recovered. Therefore, we do not list the collection data below, and in the list of new species we noted a question mark next to these islands until the adults are confirmed. <i>Josephiella</i> n. sp. A, along with <i>Josephiella microcarpae</i>, lobate lac scale (<i>Paratarchardina pseudolobata</i>), and other ficus-feeding species has contributed to the weakening of large banyan trees on Oahu.</p> <p> <b>Collection records: OAHU</b>, Manoa, 13.VII.2012, ex. <i>Ficus microcarpa</i> stems, coll. D. Hulbert, det. J.-Y. Rasplus, 6.X.2012.</p> <p> <b>HAWAII</b>, Hilo, 30.VII.2012, ex. <i>F. microcarpa</i> stems, coll. C. Hirayama, L. Larish & S. Chun, det. B. Kumashiro, VIII.2012.</p> <p> <b>MAUI</b>, Wailuku, 6.VIII.2012, ex. <i>F. microcarpa</i> stems, coll. M. Fukada, VIII.2012. Vouchers at HDOA.</p>Published as part of <i>Matsunaga, Janis N., Howarth, Francis G. & Kumashiro, Bernarr R., 2019, New State Records and Additions to the Alien Terrestrial Arthropod Fauna in the Hawaiian Islands, pp. 1-71 in Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 51 (1)</i> on pages 11-12, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10832895">10.5281/zenodo.10832895</a>
Chrysozephyrus tytleri subsp. tytleri tytleri (Howarth 1957
No full text<p> 127. <i>Chrysozephyrus tytleri tytleri</i> (Howarth, 1957)</p> <p>Published records: Howarth, 1957: 249; Van Gasse, 2013; Varshney & Smetacek, 2015: 99.</p> <p>Remarks: Not recorded during the study.</p>Published as part of <i>Irungbam, Jatishwor Singh, Meitei, Laishram Ricky, Huidrom, Harmenn, Soibam, Baleshwor Singh, Ngangom, Aomao, Ngangom, Bendang, Meitei, Ronald & Fric, Zdenek Faltynek, 2020, An Inventory Of The Butterflies Of Manipur, India (Insecta: Lepidoptera), pp. 1-91 in Zootaxa 4882 (1)</i> on page 37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4882.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4296011">http://zenodo.org/record/4296011</a>
The business of brainpower
No full textAustralia has lots of innovation drivers and entrepreneurs, but lack of money and dedication coupled with short-termism are factors that let us down in the innovation rankings, reports Brad Howarth
Cytokine immunoreactivity in seasonal rhinitis: regulation by a topical corticosteroid
No full textSeasonal allergic rhinitis is characterized by the development of nasal mucosal inflammation in response to natural allergen exposure, and is prevented by the administration of topical corticosteroids. Interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-6 may have important roles in this process, and in vitro the gene transcription for each of these cytokines is inhibited by corticosteroids. In this study we have therefore investigated the effect of seasonal allergen exposure on the expression of immunoreactivity for IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 in nasal mucosal biopsies, and the effect of regular prophylactic treatment with the topical corticosteroid, fluticasone propionate. Following a nasal mucosal biopsy out of season, patients were randomized double-blind to receive 6 wk of treatment during the pollen season with either topical fluticasone nasal spray (200 micrograms daily) or matching placebo. Each subject underwent a repeat nasal biopsy at the end of the 6-wk treatment period. Seasonal increases in epithelial eosinophils (p = 0.046), submucosal eosinophils (p = 0.001), and epithelial mast cells (p = 0.055) occurred in the placebo--but not the fluticasone-treated patients. Submucosal mast cell numbers did not change in either group. Immunoreactivity for IL-4 and IL-6 was localized predominantly to mast cells while IL-5 was found in both mast cells and eosinophils. Numbers of IL-4+ cells in the nasal submucosa were significantly suppressed by treatment with fluticasone (p = 0.0003 for monoclonal antibody [mAb] 3H4, p = 0.041 for mAb 4D9). In contrast, fluticasone treatment failed to influence the number of IL-5 and IL-6 immunoreactive cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS
Letter Written by James Bertram Howarth to the Bryant College Service Club Dated September 20, 1943
No full text[Transcription begins]UNITED STATES NAVY308 W. 37th StreetNorfolk 8, Va.September 20, 1943
Dear friends,
Just a few lines to acknowledge your letter enclosing a list of my classmates who are now serving their country. It is good to hear about them and to know they are doing well.
As for yours truly, I am still fighting the “battle of the Elizabeth River” in Norfolk, but now have my wife with me and we are living at the above address. My work as Operation’s Officer and Military Duty Officer is very interesting, and they are adding more and more work from day to day. The Operation’s Officer is responsible for berthing, unberthing, docking and undocking of ships. The pilots and tugmasters take orders from the Captain of the Yard’s Office of which I am a member. A Military Duty Officer is part of the Security Group and the duties are similar in scope to an Officer of the Deck on board ship. He is called an Officer of the Day in Army terminology.
Mr. Shors was in the office the other day and has since had leave visiting Bryant, I believe. We have an invitation to visit his home in Portsmouth in the near future and are looking forward to talking over old times at Bryant. He taught my nephew, George Scothon, now a member of the Finance Group in Australia and a recent Bryant Graduate.
Undoubtedly you have heard about Lt. Wesley Crawley, Class of 1936, who was taken prisoner by Germans and dropped on an island. He was picked up by the British and is now safe. He was listed as missing in action, and has since been made a 1st Lieutenant.
Remember me to all, and keep the letters coming. I am not a cigarette smoker so send my share to some of the other boys.
Sincerely,J. B. Howarth
P. S. Forgive the hint—I do smoke a pipe and cigars.[Transcription ends
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