37,170 research outputs found
Supporting safe motherhood : a review of financial trends : summary
No full textAn estimated 500,000 women, 99 percent of them from the developing world, die each year from pregnancy-related causes. About three quarters of these deaths are the direct result of obstetrical complications -- hemorrhage, infection, toxemia, obstructed labor, and abortion (under primitive and illegal conditions). An estimated equivalent number of infants do not survive their mother's death. For surviving mothers, the consequences of pregnancy have a severe impact on health and family economics. The strategy for safe motherhood is based on two approaches. First, the encouragement of activities that indirectly improve maternal health. These include education, policies to improve women's rights and working conditions, health care and nutrition, transportation and communication systems, water and sanitation facilities, and increases in family income and food production. The second approach targets activities to reduce maternal deaths. These activities include reducing unwanted pregnancies through the provision of family planning services, and through national policies that recognize the importance of this issue. A second objective is to reduce the risks of pregnancy through providing community-based family planning and prenatal services to identify high-risk cases'adequate referral services for the complications of pregnancy, and communication and transport systems to support patient referral procedures.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Health Systems Development&Reform,Gender and Health,Early Child and Children's Health,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems
Role of lipids in development of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: lessons learned from Pima Indians
No full textImpact of obesity on cardiac geometry and function in a population of adolescents: the Strong Heart Study.
No full textOBJECTIVES:
The goal here was to examine left ventricular (LV) geometry and function in a large, unselected group of adolescents with different degrees of abnormal body build, and verify whether possibly higher LV mass is compensatory for increased cardiac workload.
BACKGROUND:
There is little information on how much the excess of body weight impacts LV geometry and function in populations of adolescents.
METHODS:
Anthropometric, laboratory, and Doppler echocardiographic parameters of cardiac geometry and function were obtained in 460 adolescent participants (age 14 to 20 years, 245 female participants, 27 hypertensive, 10 with diabetes) from the Strong Heart Study. Body build was classified based on 85th and 95th percentiles of body mass index (BMI)-for-age charts.
RESULTS:
Range of BMI was 16.3 to 56.5 kg/m2 (28.8 +/- 8.3 kg/m2); 114 participants (24.9%) fell within the 85th percentile of BMI distribution (normal weight [NW]), 113 (24.6%) fell between 85th and 95th percentile (overweight [OW]), and 223 (48.5%) fell above the 95th percentile (obese [OB]). Obese participants were older than OW and NW subjects (p < 0.01), without differences in heart rate. Both OW and OB had greater LV diameter and mass than NW (all p < 0.05). Left ventricular hypertrophy was more prevalent in the OB (33.5%) and OW (12.4%), as compared with NW participants (3.5%; p < 0.001), largely compensating increased cardiac workload. However, OB subjects had four-fold higher probability of carrying an LV mass exceeding values compensatory for their cardiac workload (p < 0.001), a feature associated with lower ejection fraction, myocardial contractility, and greater force developed by left atrium to complete LV filling (all p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS:
While in OW adolescents increased levels of LV mass are appropriate to compensate their higher hemodynamic load, in OB increase in LV mass exceeds this need and is associated with mildly reduced LV myocardial performance and increased left atrial force to contribute to LV filling
Time-Course of Left Ventricular Geometry in Arterial Hypertension: the Strong Heart Study
No full textDoes free fatty acid infusion impair insulin action also through an increase in oxidative stress?
No full textAsymptotic behavior of <em>BV</em> functions and sets of finite perimeter in metric measure spaces
No full textAbstractIn this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of BV functions in complete metric measure spaces equipped with a doubling measure supporting a 1-Poincaré inequality. We show that at almost every point x outside the Cantor and jump parts of a BV function, the asymptotic limit of the function is a Lipschitz continuous function of least gradient on a tangent space to the metric space based at x.We also show that, at co-dimension 1 Hausdorff measure almost every measure-theoretic boundary point of a set (Ε) of finite perimeter, there is an asymptotic limit set Ε∞ corresponding to the asymptotic expansion of Ε and that every such asymptotic limit (Ε)∞ is a quasiminimal set of finite perimeter. We also show that the perimeter measure of Ε∞ is Ahlfors co-dimension 1 regular. Abstract
In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of BV functions in complete metric measure spaces equipped with a doubling measure supporting a 1-Poincaré inequality. We show that at almost every point x outside the Cantor and jump parts of a BV function, the asymptotic limit of the function is a Lipschitz continuous function of least gradient on a tangent space to the metric space based at x.We also show that, at co-dimension 1 Hausdorff measure almost every measure-theoretic boundary point of a set (Ε) of finite perimeter, there is an asymptotic limit set Ε∞ corresponding to the asymptotic expansion of Ε and that every such asymptotic limit (Ε)∞ is a quasiminimal set of finite perimeter. We also show that the perimeter measure of Ε∞ is Ahlfors co-dimension 1 regular
A high concentration of fasting plasma non-esterified fatty acids is a risk factor for the development of NIDDM
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