348 research outputs found
Preattentive face processing: What do visual search experiments with schematic faces tell us?
Full text linkHorstmann G. Preattentive face processing: What do visual search experiments with schematic faces tell us? Visual Cognition. 2007;15(7):799-833.In recent research, several experiments have tested a preattentive threat-advantage hypothesis that threatening or negative faces can be discriminated preattentively, by using the visual search paradigm. However, supporting evidence is nonuniform, giving rise to the suspicion that stimulus factors rather than the stimuli's category of facial threat versus friendliness are responsible for sporadic demonstrations of a threat advantage. However, it is also possible that differences in experimental procedure contribute to the heterogeneous results. To test this possibility I selected examples from the past literature and presented them within the same constant experimental setting. I found a consistent advantage for negative face targets among positive face distractors with all stimulus pairs. Search slopes, however, mostly revealed inefficient search, questioning the preattentive discrimination of facial affect
Biasing attention with a surprise non-singleton feature
No full textHorstmann G. Biasing attention with a surprise non-singleton feature. Journal of Vision. 2014;10:315-315
Expectation discrepancy and attentional prioritization
No full textHorstmann G. Expectation discrepancy and attentional prioritization. Presented at the ZiF Conference "Attentional control beyond the task", Bielefeld
The capture of attention by match to attentional set and by deviation from expectation
No full textHorstmann G. The capture of attention by match to attentional set and by deviation from expectation. Perception. 2008;37:52
The surprise-attention link: a review
No full textHorstmann G. The surprise-attention link: a review. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2015;1339(1):106-115
The Capture of attention by abruptly onsetting new objects under conditions of unexpectedness and unpreparedness
No full textHorstmann G. The Capture of attention by abruptly onsetting new objects under conditions of unexpectedness and unpreparedness. Journal of Vision. 2012;9:366-366
Biasing attention by a expectancy discrepant stimuli
No full textHorstmann G. Biasing attention by a expectancy discrepant stimuli. Presented at the ZiF Conference "Competitive Visual Processing across Space and Time: Interactions with Memory", Bielefeld
Facial expressions of emotion: does the prototype represent central tendency, frequency of instantiation, or an ideal?
No full textHorstmann G. Facial expressions of emotion: does the prototype represent central tendency, frequency of instantiation, or an ideal? Emotion. 2002;2(3):297-305
Of toothy grins and angry snarls—Open mouth displays contribute to efficiency gains in search for emotional faces
Full text linkHorstmann G, Lipp OV, Becker SI. Of toothy grins and angry snarls—Open mouth displays contribute to efficiency gains in search for emotional faces. Journal of Vision. 2012;12(5):7.The emotional face-in-a-crowd effect is widely cited, but its origin remains controversial, particularly with photorealistic stimuli. Recently, it has been suggested that one factor underlying the guidance of attention by a photorealistic emotional face in visual search might be the visibility of teeth, a hypothesis, however, that has not been studied systematically to date. The present experiments manipulate the visibility of teeth experimentally and orthogonally to facial emotion. Results suggest that much of the face-in-a-crowd effect with photorealistic emotional faces is due to visible teeth, and that the visibility of teeth can create a search advantage for either a happy or an angry target face when teeth visibility and facial emotion are confounded. Further analyses clarify that the teeth visibility primarily affects the speed with which neutral crowds are scanned, shedding new light on the mechanism that evokes differences in search efficiency for different emotional expressions
Attentional capture by an unannounced color singleton depends on expectation discrepancy
No full textHorstmann G. Attentional capture by an unannounced color singleton depends on expectation discrepancy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE. 2005;31(5):1039-1060.Eight experiments examined the conditions under which a color singleton that is presented for the 1st time without prior announcement captures attention. The main hypothesis is that an unannounced singleton captures attention to the extent that it deviates from expectations. This hypothesis was tested within a visual-search paradigm in which set-size effects were used to infer attentional capture. The results showed that attentional capture by an unannounced color singleton was due to a mismatch with expectations concerning the color of the object and not due to its being a singleton. Thus, the results imply that theories of attention have to consider expectation discrepancy as a determinant of attention shifts
- …
