88,084 research outputs found
Preattentive face processing: What do visual search experiments with schematic faces tell us?
No full textHorstmann G. Preattentive face processing: What do visual search experiments with schematic faces tell us? Visual Cognition. 2007;15(7):799-833.In recent research, several experiments have tested a preattentive threat-advantage hypothesis that threatening or negative faces can be discriminated preattentively, by using the visual search paradigm. However, supporting evidence is nonuniform, giving rise to the suspicion that stimulus factors rather than the stimuli's category of facial threat versus friendliness are responsible for sporadic demonstrations of a threat advantage. However, it is also possible that differences in experimental procedure contribute to the heterogeneous results. To test this possibility I selected examples from the past literature and presented them within the same constant experimental setting. I found a consistent advantage for negative face targets among positive face distractors with all stimulus pairs. Search slopes, however, mostly revealed inefficient search, questioning the preattentive discrimination of facial affect
Explaining brains by simulation
No full textHorstmann W. Explaining brains by simulation. Bielefeld (Germany): Bielefeld University; 2003.This study examines the role of simulation in explaining brain phenomena. The notions of simulation analyzed here are diverse: A computer simulation of specific brain phenomena, a researcher's mental simulation of a brain process or an experimental setting as a simulation of a natural situation. The objective of this study is to clarify the various roles that simulation plays in explanations of brain phenomena and to ask whether there is one generic notion of simulation that reconciles the various roles. It is argued that the main reason for simulation being massively deployed for explanations of the brain is the dynamics and complexity of the brain itself. Further, the common ground for the diverse notions of simulation is the result of a characteristic set of models and representations that underlies practical scientific work, in the brain sciences (and elsewhere). It is concluded that - contrary to the common notion that simulation is somewhere outside in a computer or some other device - most of it is inside our head. Explaining brains by simulation is primarily done by our brains
Phradis punctipleuris Horstmann 1971
No full textPhradis punctipleuris Horstmann, 1971 Horstmann 1981: 19. Koponen et al. 2003: 32. Khalaim et al. 2009: 116. Remarks. Thе singlе fеmаlе idеntifiеd by Horstmаnn аs P. punctipleuris аctuаlly bеlongs to P. polonicus. Anothеr spеcimеn idеntifiеd by Horstmаnn, а singlе mаlе from Mikkеli in thе RJ collеction, wе prеliminаrily idеntifiеd аs Phradis sp. Thus, thе occurrеncе of this spеciеs in Finlаnd rеquirеs confirmаtion. Distribution. Europе, Cаucаsus, Kаzаkhstаn, Middlе Asiа, Russiаn Fаr Eаst.Published as part of Khalaim, Andrey I. & Várkonyi, Gergely, 2018, A review of Tersilochinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Finland. Part 1: taxonomy, pp. 151-185 in Zootaxa 4369 (2) on page 174, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4369.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/113565
Of toothy grins and angry snarls—Open mouth displays contribute to efficiency gains in search for emotional faces
No full textHorstmann G, Lipp OV, Becker SI. Of toothy grins and angry snarls—Open mouth displays contribute to efficiency gains in search for emotional faces. Journal of Vision. 2012;12(5):7.The emotional face-in-a-crowd effect is widely cited, but its origin remains controversial, particularly with photorealistic stimuli. Recently, it has been suggested that one factor underlying the guidance of attention by a photorealistic emotional face in visual search might be the visibility of teeth, a hypothesis, however, that has not been studied systematically to date. The present experiments manipulate the visibility of teeth experimentally and orthogonally to facial emotion. Results suggest that much of the face-in-a-crowd effect with photorealistic emotional faces is due to visible teeth, and that the visibility of teeth can create a search advantage for either a happy or an angry target face when teeth visibility and facial emotion are confounded. Further analyses clarify that the teeth visibility primarily affects the speed with which neutral crowds are scanned, shedding new light on the mechanism that evokes differences in search efficiency for different emotional expressions
Ctenophion Horstmann 2010
No full textGenus Ctenophion Horstmann, 2010 Type species: Ctenophion niger Horstmann, 2010. Monotypic gеnus dеscribеd from Cаnаdа аnd thе USA (Horstmаnn 2010). Onе fеmаlе of this rаrе spеciеs wаs found in mаtеriаl from subаrctic Finlаnd. This is thе first rеcord of thе spеciеs, аs wеll аs thе gеnus Ctenophion, from thе Pаlаеаrctic rеgion. Nothing is known аbout host prеfеrеncеs of this gеnus.Published as part of Khalaim, Andrey I. & Várkonyi, Gergely, 2018, A review of Tersilochinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Finland. Part 1: taxonomy, pp. 151-185 in Zootaxa 4369 (2) on page 165, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4369.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/113565
Exephanes hungaricus KISS 1915
No full textExephanes hungaricus KISS 1915 Exephanes hungaricus KISS 1915: 24 – Holotypus (): "Ferenczfalva Hungaria" (= Valiug/ Rumänien) und Determinationsetiketten, Budapest. G ü l t i g e r N a m e Triptognathus unifasciatus (SPINOLA 1843) (YU & HORSTMANN 1997: 657). KISS (1929: 90) und HEINRICH (1929: 322 f.) stellen das Taxon zu T. unidentatus (BERTHOUMIEU), einem jüngeren Synonym von T. unifasciatus.Published as part of Horstmann, K., 2008, Typenrevisionen der von Kiss beschriebenen Taxa der Ichneumonidae. II. Ichneumoninae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae), pp. 771-784 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 40 (1) on page 774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.542966
Herpestomus brunneus KISS 1924
No full text<i>Herpestomus brunneus</i> KISS 1924 <p> <i>Herpestomus brunneus</i> KISS 1924: 48 f. – Holotypus () von DILLER (1983: 56) und HORSTMANN (1992: 236) revidiert. Der Typus war zeitweilig verschollen (HORSTMANN 1973: 71), wurde aber von mir bei einem Besuch in Budapest aufgefunden. Der Typenfundort Oroszmezö heisst jetzt Rus in Rumänien.</p> <p> G ü l t i g e r N a m e <i>Dichrogaster modesta</i> (GRAVENHORST 1829) (TOWNES 1983: 120).</p>Published as part of <i>Horstmann, K., 2008, Typenrevisionen der von Kiss beschriebenen Taxa der Ichneumonidae. II. Ichneumoninae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae), pp. 771-784 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 40 (1)</i> on page 774, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5429664">10.5281/zenodo.5429664</a>
Mesoleius laevissimus STROBL 1903
No full textMesoleius laevissimus STROBL 1903 Mesoleius laevissimus STROBL 1903: 24 f. – Lectotypus () von Hinz beschriftet und hiermit festgelegt: " Mes. n.sp.... laevissimus m.... 26/8." (nach der Beschreibung aus Admont/ Steiermark), Admont. Der zweite Syntypus fehlt. Gültiger Name: Alexeter rapinator (GRAVENHORST 1829) (HEINRICH 1953b: 210). Die Interpretation von A. rapinator wird an anderer Stelle (HORSTMANN (2007: 73) diskutiert.Published as part of Horstmann, K., 2012, Typenrevisionen einiger von Strobl beschriebener Taxa der Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae), pp. 1137-1153 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 44 (2) on page 1145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.532895
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