600 research outputs found
Timing restrictions on prosodic phrasing
No full textProsodic evidence for the existence of isochronal 2-2.5 sec speech production units is presented. Factors such as F0-declination patterns defined over these 2-2.5 sec. units, as well as boundary tones at the edges of these assumed planning units give support to the idea that prosodic structure serves as an important planning framework for an utterance. The findings provide support for the assumption of a ’Prosodic Planning Hypothesis’ such as that proposed by Shattuck-Hufnagel and Turk (1996) and Shattuck-Hufnagel (2000: 222), who assume that an utterance-specific frame ‘‘independent of its contents plays a role in production processing, and prosodic structure is a natural candidate for this structural frame’’. Similar ideas have also been presented by Wheeldon and Lahiri (1997: 377) who claim that ‘‘articulation is preceded by the generation of an abstract prosodic representation of an utterance’’. Breathing is assumed to play an important role in delimitation of the production units: Inspirations only occur at edges and can thus function as anchors for the grouping of speech into 2-2.5 sec speech chunks. Local prosodic information (pauses, boundary tones (H%/L%) and the timing restriction, can be used to make a further segmentation of spontaneous speech into 2-2.5 sec production units. The existence of such a timing restriction on speech planning can be used in the design of algorithms for the automatic segmentation of speech
Journey of a Spiritual Life
No full textA poetry reading and discussion Featuring Merle Feld, Poet, playwright, feminist theologian, and author of a spiritual memoir, A Spiritual Life: Exploring the Heart and Jewish Tradition.https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/bennettcenter-posters/1252/thumbnail.jp
Jean-Jacques Rousseau: On The Individual and Society
No full textIn this study, Merle L. Perkins links individual freedom with national power in offering a close reading of Jean-Jacques Rousseau\u27s major texts. He sees in Rousseau\u27s thought an extreme tension and interdependence between the idiosyncrasy of nonconforming character and an almost obsessive concern with the external pressures operating on the state.
Merle L. Perkins is the author of numerous books on philosophy, including The Moral and Political Philosophy of the Abbé de Saint-Pierre and Diderot and the Time-Space Continuum: His Philosophy, Aesthetics, and Politics.https://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_political_theory/1001/thumbnail.jp
Lexical frequency effects on word accent processing in Swedish
No full textLexical frequency effects on word accent processing in SwedishSeveral studies have investigated the neurophysiological underpinnings of the Swedish word accents, “accent 1” and “accent 2” ([1]-[5]), which are known to have a strong association with morphology ([6]-[8]). For example, if the singular noun suffix -en is attached to the word stem bil (‘car’), the resulting word is bil1-en (‘the car’) where the subscript indicates which word accent is attached. However, if the plural suffix -ar is attached to the stem, the word will be associated with accent 2 (bil2-ar, ‘cars’). The same is true for loan words: the word chatt ‘chat room’ takes accent 1 together with the singular suffix (chatt1-en) and accent 2 with the plural suffix (chatt2-ar). Furthermore, in Central Swedish, accent 2 is associated with compound words. Compounding is highly productive in Swedish, allowing the formation of novel compounds such as trädkrig2 (‘tree war’) or forskningsministerskola2 (‘research minister school’). Even if all constituents making up a compound would individually be accent 1 words, the compound will still have accent 2. For example, although neder1 ‘downwards’ and länderna1 ‘the lands’ are accent 1 words, the compound Nederländerna2 (‘the Netherlands’, example taken from [12]) has accent 2. What is interesting from the point of view of predictive models of language processing is that initial word stems with accent 2 (as opposed to stems with accent 1) could then potentially cue related accent 2 suffixes (e.g. plural, past tense) as well as a potentially infinite number of compounds. Investigations using the electroencephalography/event-related potentials (EEG/ERP) technique have found that words with accent 1 stems elicit larger ERP negativity effects as compared to accent 2 stems. This effect has previously been viewed as a positivity effect driven by accent 2’s prosodic salience ([1]). However, recent investigations have shown that accent 1 stems lead to increased neural activity, meaning that the ERP effect is more likely to be driven by some feature associated with accent 1 stems instead ([4]-[5]). We propose that the accent 1 stem negativity reflects a process by which upcoming suffixes are pre-activated by the word accent. Furthermore, evidence ([3]-[4]) now indicates that accent 1 stems pre-activate their associated suffixes more strongly than accent 2 stems. In the present contribution, we present results that suggest that the stem negativity is modulated by both the token and type frequency of lexical items that are possible continuations of a particular stem.ReferencesM. Roll, M. Horne and M. Lindgren, “Word accents and morphology—ERPs of Swedish word processing,” Brain Research, vol. 1330, pp. 114–123, 2010.M. Roll, P. Söderström and M. Horne, “Word-stem tones cue suffixes in the brain.” Brain Research, vol. 1520, pp. 116–120, 2013. P. Söderström, M. Horne and M. Roll, “Stem tones pre-activate suffixes in the brain,” (submitted).M. Roll, P. Söderström, P. Mannfolk, Y. Shtyrov, M. Johansson, D. van Westen and M. Horne, “Word tones cueing morphosyntactic structure: neuroanatomical substrates and activation time course assessed by EEG and fMRI,” Brain & Language, vol. 150, pp. 14–21, 2015.M. Roll, “A neurolinguistic study of South Swedish word accents: Electrical brain potentials in nouns and verbs,” Nordic Journal of Linguistics, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 149–162, 2015.G. Bruce, Swedish word accents in sentence perspective. Lund: Gleerup, 1977.T. Riad, The Phonology of Swedish. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.J. Rischel, “Morphemic Tone and Word Tone in Eastern Norwegian,” Phonetica, vol. 10, no. 3–4, pp. 154–164, 1963
Why do speakers accent ‘‘given’’ information?
No full textThe accenting of contextually 'given' information constitutes a problem for analyses that regard accents as correlating only with 'new' information. It will be shown that the accenting of 'given' information is explainable as resulting from general metrical well-formedness conditions on prosodic constituents. Units higher than the word are seen to obey the same metrical constraints that are present at the word level
Die Geschichte vom weisen Qayan Ögedei. Transkription, Glossar, Index und Zusammenfassung
No full textBensen üliger, Heftgeschichten, sind von ursprünglich schriftlicher Vorlage ausgehende mündlich tradierte moderne Spielmannsdichtungen der Inneren Mongolei. Bei den schriftlichen Vorlagen handelt es sich überwiegend um chinesische Romane oder Heldengeschichten, für die zum Teil auch mongolische Übersetzungen vorliegen. Bensen üliger werden bis heute von Spielleuten (mong.: quγurči) erzählt, die aus der Ost- und Südostmongolei stammen. Das hier zu untersuchende bensen üliger Ögedei mergen qaγan-u üliger („Die Geschichte vom weisen Qaγan Ögedei“) stammt aus einer Sammlung von Tonbandtranskripten mongolischer volksliterarischer Texte aus dem Nachlass von Prof. Dr. Walther Heissig. Diese Materialien hat Prof. Heissig der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und Künste in Düsseldorf vermacht. Ein großer Teil dieser Textsammlung ist bisher noch nicht bearbeitet bzw. noch nicht übersetzt worden. Die Handlung dieser Heftgeschichte spielt in der Yuán-Zeit und wurde im Herbst 1980 aufgenommen, die Aufnahmezeit betrug etwa 60 Stunden. Das vorliegende Werk enthält die uiguro-mongolische Transkription des bensen üligers Ögedei mergen qaγan-u üliger nach dem System von Poppe (2006). Der formale Aufbau der Transkription entspricht der handschriftlichen Vorlage. In der Heftgeschichte Ögedei mergen qaγan-u üliger sind der Autorin spezifische Sprachkontaktphänomene aufgefallen, die für das vorliegende Werk von besonderer Bedeutung sind. Es zeigt sich, dass die zweisprachig aufgewachsenen Mongolen in der Inneren Mongolei je nach Region in unterschiedlicher Stärke Chinesisch und Mongolisch abwechselnd oder miteinander vermischt verwenden. Im Fall der Vermischung wird das Chinesische dabei maßgeblich verändert. Diglossie und Bilingualismus führen zum Sprachwechsel (Codeswitching) und damit verbunden zu verschiedenen linguistischen Transfererscheinungen. Diese lassen sich in den Bereichen der Lexik, Phonetik und Morphologie nachweisen. Da es sich bei den bensen üliger um mündlich tradierte moderne Spielmannsdichtung handelt, treten verschiedene umgangssprachliche Elemente auf, beispielsweise eine große Anzahl an Sinismen (die mongolische Wiedergabe chinesischer Wörter und Begriffe). Die in diesem Band enthaltenen Sinismen sind sowohl ein Beleg für bestimmte Sprachkontaktphänomene in der Inneren Mongolei als auch dafür, dass diese ihren Eingang in das Repertoire der mongolischen mündlichen Tradition gefunden haben.Bensen üliger (booklet stories) are a literary genre representing the orally passed on modern Spielmannsdichtung of Inner Mongolia originally emanating from written templates. The latter are mostly Chinese novels or heroic stories for which a Mongolian translation exists in most cases. Bensen üliger are told by minstrels (Mong.: quγurči) from eastern and southeastern Mongolia until today. The bensen üliger Ögedei mergen qaγan-u üliger (“The story of wise Qaγan Ögedei”) under research is part of a collection of tape transcripts of Mongolian folk literature texts from the estate of Prof. Dr. Walther Heissig, who bequeathed these transcripts to the Nordrhein-Westfälische Akademie der Wissenschaften und Künste at Düsseldorf. A large part of this text collection has not yet been edited or translated. The story line of the present booklet story takes place during the time of Yuán dynasty and was recorded in autumn of 1980 with a recording time of about 60 hours. This book contains the Uiguro-Mongolian transcription of the bensen üliger Ögedei mergen qaγan-u üliger after Poppe’s (2006) system. The formal setup of the transcription is equivalent to the handwritten template. In the booklet story Ögedei mergen qaγan-u üliger, the author noticed specific phenomena of language contact which are of particular importance for the present study. It turned out that the Mongols from Inner Mongolia who grew up bilingually, depending on the region, use Chinese and Mongolian alternately or in mixed form. In the latter, they modify the Chinese language significantly. The use of language in specific functions (diglossia) in Inner Mongolia and the bilingualism (Mongolian, Chinese) of the Mongols leads to code-switching and, linked to that, to various linguistic transfer phenomena. These are measurable in the areas of the lexicon, phonetics, and morphology. Due to the fact that the bensen üliger are orally passed on modern Spielmannsdichtung, they contain elements of vernacular, like sinisms (the Mongolian reproduction of Chinese words and concepts). So the sinisms of this volume are evidence for the phenomena of language contact in Inner Mongolia and for the fact that these have found their way into the repertory of Mongolian oral tradition
Die Geschichte vom weisen Qayan Ögedei. Transkription, Glossar, Index und Zusammenfassung
No full textBensen üliger, Heftgeschichten, sind von ursprünglich schriftlicher Vorlage ausgehende mündlich tradierte moderne Spielmannsdichtungen der Inneren Mongolei. Bei den schriftlichen Vorlagen handelt es sich überwiegend um chinesische Romane oder Heldengeschichten, für die zum Teil auch mongolische Übersetzungen vorliegen. Bensen üliger werden bis heute von Spielleuten (mong.: quγurči) erzählt, die aus der Ost- und Südostmongolei stammen. Das hier zu untersuchende bensen üliger Ögedei mergen qaγan-u üliger („Die Geschichte vom weisen Qaγan Ögedei“) stammt aus einer Sammlung von Tonbandtranskripten mongolischer volksliterarischer Texte aus dem Nachlass von Prof. Dr. Walther Heissig. Diese Materialien hat Prof. Heissig der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und Künste in Düsseldorf vermacht. Ein großer Teil dieser Textsammlung ist bisher noch nicht bearbeitet bzw. noch nicht übersetzt worden. Die Handlung dieser Heftgeschichte spielt in der Yuán-Zeit und wurde im Herbst 1980 aufgenommen, die Aufnahmezeit betrug etwa 60 Stunden. Das vorliegende Werk enthält die uiguro-mongolische Transkription des bensen üligers Ögedei mergen qaγan-u üliger nach dem System von Poppe (2006). Der formale Aufbau der Transkription entspricht der handschriftlichen Vorlage. In der Heftgeschichte Ögedei mergen qaγan-u üliger sind der Autorin spezifische Sprachkontaktphänomene aufgefallen, die für das vorliegende Werk von besonderer Bedeutung sind. Es zeigt sich, dass die zweisprachig aufgewachsenen Mongolen in der Inneren Mongolei je nach Region in unterschiedlicher Stärke Chinesisch und Mongolisch abwechselnd oder miteinander vermischt verwenden. Im Fall der Vermischung wird das Chinesische dabei maßgeblich verändert. Diglossie und Bilingualismus führen zum Sprachwechsel (Codeswitching) und damit verbunden zu verschiedenen linguistischen Transfererscheinungen. Diese lassen sich in den Bereichen der Lexik, Phonetik und Morphologie nachweisen. Da es sich bei den bensen üliger um mündlich tradierte moderne Spielmannsdichtung handelt, treten verschiedene umgangssprachliche Elemente auf, beispielsweise eine große Anzahl an Sinismen (die mongolische Wiedergabe chinesischer Wörter und Begriffe). Die in diesem Band enthaltenen Sinismen sind sowohl ein Beleg für bestimmte Sprachkontaktphänomene in der Inneren Mongolei als auch dafür, dass diese ihren Eingang in das Repertoire der mongolischen mündlichen Tradition gefunden haben.Bensen üliger (booklet stories) are a literary genre representing the orally passed on modern Spielmannsdichtung of Inner Mongolia originally emanating from written templates. The latter are mostly Chinese novels or heroic stories for which a Mongolian translation exists in most cases. Bensen üliger are told by minstrels (Mong.: quγurči) from eastern and southeastern Mongolia until today. The bensen üliger Ögedei mergen qaγan-u üliger (“The story of wise Qaγan Ögedei”) under research is part of a collection of tape transcripts of Mongolian folk literature texts from the estate of Prof. Dr. Walther Heissig, who bequeathed these transcripts to the Nordrhein-Westfälische Akademie der Wissenschaften und Künste at Düsseldorf. A large part of this text collection has not yet been edited or translated. The story line of the present booklet story takes place during the time of Yuán dynasty and was recorded in autumn of 1980 with a recording time of about 60 hours. This book contains the Uiguro-Mongolian transcription of the bensen üliger Ögedei mergen qaγan-u üliger after Poppe’s (2006) system. The formal setup of the transcription is equivalent to the handwritten template. In the booklet story Ögedei mergen qaγan-u üliger, the author noticed specific phenomena of language contact which are of particular importance for the present study. It turned out that the Mongols from Inner Mongolia who grew up bilingually, depending on the region, use Chinese and Mongolian alternately or in mixed form. In the latter, they modify the Chinese language significantly. The use of language in specific functions (diglossia) in Inner Mongolia and the bilingualism (Mongolian, Chinese) of the Mongols leads to code-switching and, linked to that, to various linguistic transfer phenomena. These are measurable in the areas of the lexicon, phonetics, and morphology. Due to the fact that the bensen üliger are orally passed on modern Spielmannsdichtung, they contain elements of vernacular, like sinisms (the Mongolian reproduction of Chinese words and concepts). So the sinisms of this volume are evidence for the phenomena of language contact in Inner Mongolia and for the fact that these have found their way into the repertory of Mongolian oral tradition
- …
