469 research outputs found
Discussion - An empirical model of fatalities and injuries due to floods in Japan by Guofang Zhai, Teruki Fukuzono, and Saburo Ikeda
No full text[No abstract available]ASAAF H, 2002, P CAN DAM ASS CDA 20; ASSAF H, 2001, WORLD WAT ENV RES C; BROWN CA, 1988, WATER RESOUR BULL, V24, P1303; DEKAY ML, 1993, RISK ANAL, V13, P193, DOI 10.1111-j.1539-6924.1993.tb01069.x; JONKMAN SN, 2002, FLOOD DEFENCE 2002, P196; MILLER DM, 1984, AM STAT, V38, P124, DOI 10.2307-268324712
Crisis and catastrophe: the motor of South African history?
No full textMP4 Video; Size: 3.34GB; Duration: 1:05Please cite as: Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), (2021). Crisis and Catastrophe: The Motor of South African History?. [Online] Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11911/201Annual Humanities Lecture Webinar hosted by the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) on 5 October 2021. Presented by Assistant Prof Jacob Dlamini, Princeton University, United States of America.
In 1977, R.W. Johnson published How Long will South Africa Survive?, a book that sought to examine the resilience of what the author called South Africa’s ‘White Establishment.’ Johnson challenged the tendency among left-wing thinkers and Afrikaner nationalists to see change in South Africa as being driven solely by the internal dynamics of the country’s history. As Johnson elaborated in a 2015 sequel to How Long will South Africa Survive?the ‘iron law’ of South African history was that international developments have always been more responsible for change in the country; that crises generated by South Africa’s position in the global economy have always been the key driver of political transformation in the country. In my presentation, the presenter built on Johnson’s claim that crisis (and catastrophe) is the motor of South African history. He used his claim to position South Africa as a vantage point from which to imagine a national history not burdened by race, and to tell a South African story that is at the same time a global history of the 20th-century. What happens to conventional accounts of South African history (not to mention global history) when we treat the country as the standpoint from which to examine some of the major crises and catastrophes of the 20th century? That is the question at the centre of this presentation.Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf
A hydro-economic model for managing groundwater resources in semi-arid regions
No full textAccess to fresh water resources is a limiting factor in the socio-economical development of countries located in semi-arid regions. Water scarcity in these regions, particularly the North Africa and Middle East (MENA) region, is expected to intensify not only due to projected decline in effective precipitation due to climate change and variability, but also due to excessive growth in demand driven by explosive growth in population and improvement in living standards. The meager surface water resources in these regions have already been exploited and significantly polluted leading many governments to deplete their fossil and poorly recharged aquifers mostly to support inefficient and unsustainable agricultural policies and heavy subsidy of municipal water demand. The paper presents an interactive decision support model developed based on economic principles and simple aquifer representation using the STELLA system dynamics development environment. The model is designed to help water policy makers and managers and other stakeholders formulate and assess alternative water allocation policies among the municipal, industrial and agriculture sectors. Model users will be able to set and interactively manipulate key parameters that influence economic values and sustainability of alternative water policies. These parameters are associated with energy prices, discount rates, planning horizon, demographic factors, willingness-to-pay, hydro-meteorological conditions, aquifer characteristics, and industrial water productivities cropping patterns and agricultural water productivities. Long-term projections of economic value, withdrawals, and remaining water stocks in addition to water demand are presented in tabular and graphical forms. The paper presents a case application of the model for managing the Amman-Zarqa aquifer in Jordan. The aquifer is considered a crucial water resource in water poor Jordan. © 2009 WIT Press.ABDULLA F, 2008, WATER RESOURCES MANA; Assaf H, 2008, ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW, V23, P1327, DOI 10.1016-j.envsoft.2008.03.006; Chebaane M, 2004, HYDROGEOL J, V12, P14, DOI 10.1007-s10040-003-0313-1; GISSER M, 1983, J POLIT ECON, V91, P1001, DOI 10.1086-261197; Griffin R.C., 2006, WATER RESOURCE EC; *ISEE SYST, STELLA SYST THINK ED; Schiffler M., 1998, EC GROUNDWATER MANAG; Winz I, 2007, P 25 INT C SYST DYN1
‘Twelve Years Later: Second ASSAf report on Research Publishing in and from South Africa (2018)’: Some issues arising
No full textAbstract:Responding to the extraordinary challenges facing publication in the digital age is the holistic view taken by the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) on threats and opportunities that characterise this conjuncture. Twelve Years Later, researched by Wieland Gevers, Robin Crewe and Susan Veldsman on national publishing strategies, provides the ‘nuts ’n bolts’ that every researcher should know in order to navigate the changing environment.1 The Report examines both past and present. The first chapter reviews ASSAf’s 2006 report.2 Chapter 2 revisits the 2009 report on books. Chapter 3 details ASSAf’s Scholarly Publishing Programme between 2007 and 2018. How to enhance access of South African authors to global commercial publishers is discussed in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 deals with journal and book publishing, and Chapter 6 examines pitfalls and threats to good publishing practices. Outstanding problems are highlighted in Chapter 7. Chapter 8 offers recommendations. Appendices (45 pp) tabulate the hard data on which the study draws. These data showcase close correlations between the ASSAf qualitative evaluations and Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET) decisions. Significantly, ASSAf ratings and reviews of publishers closely align with the international Socio-economic and Natural Sciences of the Environment (SENSE) and the Norwegian Register for Scientific Journals, Series and Publishers ratings. The 2018 Report offers a detailed history useful for individual university policy planning, and implementation of monitoring mechanisms, and explains accreditation decisions. A basic cost–benefit analysis of the publication incentive system administered by DHET identifies residual problems. Notwithstanding these (see below), the statistics tabulated in Appendices by the Centre for Research, Evaluation, Science and Technology (CREST) at Stellenbosch University reveals that DHET has been very effective in encouraging publication. It has also acted as an inhibiting factor in author choice of predatory journals, although many thousands of articles still slipped through...
Geostatistical assessment of groundwater nitrate contamination with reflection on DRASTIC vulnerability assessment: The case of the upper litani basin, Lebanon
No full textGroundwater constitutes the largest single source of fresh water in many parts of the world and provides a risk buffer to sustain critical water demands during cyclic and prolonged dry periods, especially in semi-arid and arid regions. However, unprecedented socio-economical growths are threatening the viability of these precious resources through fast depletion of already critically low stocks accompanied by persistent degradation of water quality due to salinization, and contamination by pesticides and fertilizers, urban sewage and industrial waste. These circumstances are particularly true of the Upper Litani Basin (ULB), which houses over 500,000 of Lebanon's 4 million population and provides the bulk of the country's agricultural output. Uncontrolled urban, agricultural and industrial growths following a prolonged civil strife and foreign occupation have resulted in the deterioration of the quality of the basin's surface water and potentially its groundwater resources. An assessment study of groundwater quality conditions in the ULB was conducted in support of efforts to manage water quality in the basin. Geostatistical analysis of groundwater nitrate levels was conducted using data collected through an extensive basin-wide water quality survey sponsored by the USAID and covered two periods representing the summer and winter periods. The results of analysis include maps of nitrate contamination and probability of exceedance of drinking-water nitrate regulatory limit. The results indicate a significant, widespread and persistent nitrates contamination of groundwater in the ULB. Nitrate levels in groundwater exceed standard limits for drinking water in many parts of the basin. These findings were examined with respect to those of a DRASTIC groundwater vulnerability assessment conducted by the USAID BAMAS project. Comparative analysis of the two assessments shed the light on several issues related to the application and interpretation of DRASTIC scores and the groundwater nitrate contamination process. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.ASSAF H, 2006, P IEMSS 3 BIENN M SU; *BAMAS, 2005, FIN REP; *BAMAS, 2005, TECHN SURV REP SUMM; *BAMAS, 2005, RAP REV REP; *BAMAS, 2005, GROUNDW FLOW MOD VUL; Basistha A, 2008, WATER RESOUR MANAG, V22, P1325, DOI 10.1007-s11269-007-9228-2; BELLER H, 2005, CALIFORNIA GAMA PROG; Canter LW, 1997, NITRATES GROUNDWATER; COOPER RM, 1988, J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE, V114, P270; Edmunds WM, 1997, J ENVIRON QUAL, V26, P1231; *FAO, 1997, REP DER LAND US MAP; Fritch TG, 2000, ENVIRON MANAGE, V25, P337, DOI 10.1007-s002679910026; Hamza MH, 2006, J ENVIRON MANAGE, V84, P12; Hossain F, 2007, WATER RESOUR MANAG, V21, P1245, DOI 10.1007-s11269-006-9079-2; Hussain I, 2001, 26 IWMI; Journel A. G., 1978, MINING GEOSTATISTICS; Kass A, 2005, J HYDROL, V300, P314, DOI 10.1016-j.jhydrol.2004.06.013; Li FM, 2001, AGR WATER MANAGE, V49, P173, DOI 10.1016-S0378-3774(01)00087-7; Mardikis MG, 2005, WATER RESOUR MANAG, V19, P251, DOI 10.1007-s11269-005-3179-2; ROSSI RE, 1992, ECOL MONOGR, V62, P277, DOI 10.2307-2937096; Tang C, 2004, HYDROL PROCESS, V18, P2303, DOI 10.1002-hyp.5531; VANGRINSVEN HJM, 2006, ENV HLTH, V5, P1; Vazquez JCG, 2005, WATER RESOUR MANAG, V19, P1, DOI 10.1007-s11269-005-0129-y; Ward MH, 2005, ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP, V113, P1607, DOI 10.1289-ehp.8043; Zizhen L., 1998, ECOL MODEL, V107, P279, DOI 10.1016-S0304-3800(98)00004-021191
The Philistines and Aegean Migration at the End of the Late Bronze Age
No full textIn this study, Assaf Yasur-Landau examines the early history of the biblical Philistines who were among the 'Sea Peoples' who migrated from the Aegean area to the Levant during the early twelfth century BC. Creating an archaeological narrative of the migration of the Philistines, he combines an innovative theoretical framework on the archaeology of migration with new data from excavations in Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, and Israel and thereby reconstructs the social history of the Aegean migration to the southern Levant. The author follows the story of the migrants from the conditions that caused the Philistines to leave their Aegean homes, to their movement eastward along the sea and land routes, to their formation of a migrant society in Philistia and their interaction with local populations in the Levant. Based on the most up-to-date evidence, this book offers a new and fresh understanding of the arrival of the Philistines in the Levant.</jats:p
Framework for Modeling Mass Disasters
No full textThis paper introduces a generic mass Disaster Modeling Framework (DMF) to support integrated sociophysical risk assessment and management of disasters. The DMF draws on the principles that disasters have many common features regardless of their instigating hazards and are the outcome of interaction between a hazard and society. The modular architecture of the DMF weakly couples three key applications: the Community Simulation Model (CSM), the Hazard Simulation Model (HSM), and the Evacuation Simulation Model (ESM). The CSM utilizes census, cadastral, and other data to construct an individual-based representation of the potentially impacted community. The CSM estimates people and built environment at risk at any given time of the day, week, and year. The CSM assessment along with the hazard simulation of the HSM feed into the ESM to simulate the progression of fatalities throughout the event. Dam failures, for which vivid and detailed accounts of human interaction with the incoming flood exist, served as case studies
"The eternal nation does not fear a long road": an ethnography of Jewish settlers in Israel/Palestine
No full textThis is an ethnography of Jewish settlers in Israel/Palestine. Studies of religiously motivated settlers in the occupied territories indicate the intricate ties between settlement practices and a Jewish theology about the advent of redemption. This messianic theology binds future redemption with the maintenance of a physical union between Jews and the “Land of Israel.” However, among settlers themselves, the dominance of this messianic theology has been undermined by postmodernity and most notably by a series of Israeli territorial withdrawals that have contradicted the promise of redemption. These days, the religiously motivated settler population is divided among theological and ideological lines that pertain, among others issues, to the meaning of redemption and its relation to the state of Israel. This dissertation begins with an investigation of the impact of the 2005 Israeli unilateral withdrawal from the Gaza Strip upon settlers and proceeds to compare three groups of religiously motivated settlers in the West Bank: an elite Religious Zionist settlement, settlers who engage in peacemaking activities with Palestinians, and settlers who act violently against Palestinians. Through a comparison of these different groups, this dissertation demonstrates that while messianism remains a central force in the realities of Jewish settlements and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, it exists these days in more diversified forms than before. In addition, this ethnography illustrates how religion both underlies and undermines differences between Israelis and Palestinians and argues that local communities and religious leaders should be included in peace processes. Finally, by examining how messianic conceptions of time among different groups of Jewish settlers connect to their settlement practices, this study reveals the Israeli-Palestinian conflict to be as much about time as it is about space. Accordingly, this dissertation has broader implications for understanding the contemporary role of religion and time within the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the political struggles of the Middle East.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Assaf Hare
Assessing water quality management options in the Upper Litani Basin, Lebanon, using an integrated GIS-based decision support system
No full textThe widespread and relentless discharge of untreated wastewater into the Upper Litani Basin (ULB) river system in Lebanon has reached staggering levels rendering its water unfit for most uses especially during the drier times of the year. Despite the call by governmental and non-governmental agencies to develop several wastewater treatment plants and sewage networks in an effort to control this problem, these efforts do not seem to be coordinated or based on comprehensive and integrated assessments of current and projected conditions in the basin. This paper provides an overview of the development and implementation of an integrated decision support system (DSS) designed to help policy makers and other stakeholders have a clearer understanding of the key factors and processes involved in the sewage induced degradation of surface water quality in the ULB, and formulate, assess and evaluate alternative management plans. The DSS is developed based on the WEAP model, which provides a GIS based and visual simulation environment and scenario management and analysis capabilities. The DSS was used to assess two main water quality management plans taking into consideration hydrological, spatial and seasonal variabilities. An incremental cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted to identify best buy plans. The results have confirmed the gravity of this problem and demonstrated the importance of taking immediate action on curbing this onslaught on this valuable and scarce fresh water resource. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.*BAMAS, 2005, TECHN SURV REP; *BAMAS, 2005, TECHN SURV REP SUMM; Bowie G. L., 1985, RATES CONSTANTS KINE; Cadham John C., 2005, Lakes and Reservoirs Research and Management, V10, P141, DOI 10.1111-j.1440-1770.2005.00268.x; *CDR, 2005, PROGR REP 2005 MAIN; Chapman D., 1996, WATER QUALITY ASSESS; Chapra S, 1997, SURFACE WATER QUALIT; Cox BA, 2003, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V314, P335, DOI 10.1016-S0048-9697(03)00063-9; Eckenfelder Jr WW, 1961, BIOL WASTE TREATMENT; KASKAS A, 2000, LITANI RIVER LAKE QA; *LRA, 2004, 50 JUB BOOK LIT RIV; Pinkham R. D., 2004, CASE STUDIES EC ANAL; SIEBER J, 2005, WATER EVALUATION PLA; *US AG INT DEV, 2003, WAT QUAL ASS UPP LIT; *WHO, 1989, HLTH GUID US WAT AGR27282
- …
