526 research outputs found
Biological Monitoring of Exposure to Industrial Chemicals
No full textHuman biological monitoring is a powerful tool for scientists, policy makers, and occupational health-care professionals, such as physicians and occupational hygienists, to assess and manage health risks associated with chemical exposures among the general population as well as at the workplace. This chapter will focus on using biological monitoring in occupational exposure assessments. It includes biological monitoring sampling strategies and practical approaches. Relevant biomarkers used in biomonitoring are derived based on fundamental understanding of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of chemicals. Therefore, ADME will be discussed along with toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. Individual susceptibility is a topic associated with biological monitoring as opposed to air monitoring. Monitoring variability associated with air and biological monitoring is compared. The biomonitoring strategy choice is dependent on the purpose, selected biomarker, matrix (urine, blood, saliva, hair, exhaled breath, exhaled breath condensate), sampling time, which is determined based on the selected biomarkers apparent elimination half-life, and variability but also on the purpose of the biomonitoring program. Biological limit values are established on available scientific data. Their historic development and concepts are country specific. Biomonitoring of metals and inorganic compounds as well as organic compounds are extensively covered. Emerging biomarker fields as well as new chemical analytical methods are briefly discussed. Future trends in human biological monitoring are discussed as it is a current topic in public health policies, in occupational and environmental health and in science in general
Skin Absorption Evaluation
No full textBisphenol A (BPA) is the most used color developer in thermal paper products such as cashiers’ receipts, followed by Bisphenol S (BPS), Wincon 8 (D-8), and Pergafast 201 (PF201). These chemicals can migrate from the paper onto the skin and possibly be absorbed and metabolized. Until now, D-8 and PF201 have not been analyzed in biological matrices, nor has a method been developed to simultaneously quantify them, even though they are often found as mixtures. Our aim was to develop and validate a method to quantify BPA, its glucuronide metabolite (BPA-G), BPS, D-8, and PF201 in in vitro skin absorption samples. After solid-phase extraction and reversed-phase chromatography, we quantified the substances in saline that had been in contact with human dermis for 24 h using a triple-quadrupole mass detector equipped with an electrospray ionization source. We assessed the method in three in vitro skin absorption assays using ex vivo human skin from one skin donor per test substance. The quantification ranges of our method were 0.2–200 μg/L for BPA and 0.2–20 μg/L for BPA-G, BPS, D-8, and PF201. Accuracies were within ±8% of nominal concentrations. Intra-day and total precisions (%RSD) were <10% for all analytes, except for BPA in low-concentration quality control solutions (low QCs) (12.2% and 15.5%, respectively). Overall, the process efficiency was 100–113% for all analytes, except BPS low and high QCs (80% and 71%, respectively) and BPA low QCs (134%). The absorbed dose ranged from 0.02% to 49% depending on the test substance, and was not determinable for PF201. This is the first analytical method to quantify simultaneously BPA, BPA-G, and BPA alternatives in saline from in vitro skin absorption samples
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No full textN.B.: When citing this work, cite the original article. This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Radiation Protection Dosimetry following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version
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No full textN.B.: When citing this work, cite the original article. This is an author-created, uncopyedited electronic version of an article accepted for publication in Diabetes. The American Diabetes Association (ADA), publisher of Diabetes, is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it by third parties. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is online a
A comparison of imagery evoked by silent reading with imagery evoked by listening in grades three, five and six,
No full textThesis (M.A.)--Boston University
N.B.: pages 123 and 124 appear to be missing from the manuscript. We believe that this is a page numbering error on the part of the author, and no content is actually missing
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No full textN.B.: When citing this work, cite the original article. The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com
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No full textN.B.: When citing this work, cite the original article. This is the pre-reviewed version of the following article
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No full textN.B.: When citing this work, cite the original article. This is the authors ’ version of the final publication
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No full textN.B.: When citing this work, cite the original article. This is the authors ’ version of the following article
New Found Land
No full textnewfoundlandADD cite from New Yorker: A slight anecdote about a man from St. John returning to his army base in Nfld. A little;of the humor of the story is his clear pronunciation of the place he is headed for.Author is Mark Murphy, maybe a US trqveler on N.B. trainWKUsed I and SupNot usedNot use
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