475 research outputs found
Review: \u3cem\u3eScience for Governing Japan’s Population\u3c/em\u3e, by Aya Homei
Full text linkA review of Science for Governing Japan’s Population, by Aya Homei
Science for Governing Japan's Population
No full textTwenty-first-century Japan is known for the world's most aged population. Faced with this challenge, Japan has been a pioneer in using science to find ways of managing a declining birth rate. Science for Governing Japan's Population considers the question of why these population phenomena have been seen as problematic. What roles have population experts played in turning this demographic trend into a government concern? Aya Homei examines the medico-scientific fields around the notion of population that developed in Japan from the 1860s to the 1960s, analyzing the role of the population experts in the government's effort to manage its population. She argues that the formation of population sciences in modern Japan had a symbiotic relationship with the development of the neologism, 'population' (jinkō), and with the transformation of Japan into a modern sovereign power. Through this history, Homei unpacks assumptions about links between population, sovereignty, and science. This title is also available as Open Access
Homei on Takeuchi-Demirci, 'Contraceptive Diplomacy: Reproductive Politics and Imperial Ambitions in the United States and Japan'
No full textInstitutionalization of Educational Credentialism in Modern Japan--A Case Study of the Homei Gijuku
Full text linkThe main focus of this paper is on clarifying the interrelationship between "institutionalization" of educational credentialism and the "systematization" of secondary education in modern Japan, taking the case of a local private school in Tanba area, named Homei Gijuku. The Homei, founded in 1886,was one of the few secondary schools which inherited the ideal of Japanese traditional education of moral culture or character formation. It was organized taking the model of western modern schools, as other secondary schools. However, its aim of education was quite different from other secondary schools which overemphasized intellectual training. The Homei had an unique school culture including curriculum which emphasized the importance of Chinese classics, and various extra-curricular activities. In the middle of the 1880s, the government started to make serious efforts to institutionalize the educational credentialism in the areas of education, administration, military, and professions. And the efforts had a strong influence on education, especially secondary education, which was in a state of chaos. Especially, the national examination systems for higher civil servants and professionals, granting various kinds of priviledges to the diploma holders from the officially approved (mostly public) schools, played an important role in promoting the systematization of secondary education. And such the unique, idealistic traditional schools as the Homei could not stand out of this tide of "systematization" In tracing the process of changes of (1) school organization, (2) school culture, (3) student life, and (4) social functions of the Homei, we will throw light upon the hidden correlationship between the "systematization" of secondary education and the "institutionalization" of educational credentialism in Japanese society
Homei on Takeuchi-Demirci, 'Contraceptive Diplomacy: Reproductive Politics and Imperial Ambitions in the United States and Japan'
No full textHomei on Takeuchi-Demirci, 'Contraceptive Diplomacy: Reproductive Politics and Imperial Ambitions in the United States and Japan'
No full textMedical Women in the Japanese Empire:Sources and Critique
No full textFujimoto, Homei, and Nakamura bring together the perspectives of women engaging in professional medical work across the expanse of the modern Japanese Empire (1868–1945). Through translations of primary source documents in three East Asian languages, this collection provides a window into the experiences of women working in a variety of medical professions, including doctors, nurses, midwives, and nutritionists. The voices of these women, collected from books, magazines, diaries, roundtable discussions, and oral histories, speak of the challenges, hopes, triumphs, and at times despair that women faced in their medical studies and workplaces.While the women represent a kaleidoscope of political views both critical and supportive of the Japanese empire, this book demonstrates the significance of the Japanese nation and empire for many of these women. Their stories show how they pushed boundaries, traversed national or regional borders in search of medical opportunities, or attempted to carve out new spaces for women through their service as medical professionals.This work, which includes little studied sources never before accessible in English, will appeal to scholars and students of history, Asian studies, gender history/studies, and the history of science, technology, and medicine
Medical Women in the Japanese Empire:Sources and Critique
No full textFujimoto, Homei, and Nakamura bring together the perspectives of women engaging in professional medical work across the expanse of the modern Japanese Empire (1868–1945). Through translations of primary source documents in three East Asian languages, this collection provides a window into the experiences of women working in a variety of medical professions, including doctors, nurses, midwives, and nutritionists. The voices of these women, collected from books, magazines, diaries, roundtable discussions, and oral histories, speak of the challenges, hopes, triumphs, and at times despair that women faced in their medical studies and workplaces.While the women represent a kaleidoscope of political views both critical and supportive of the Japanese empire, this book demonstrates the significance of the Japanese nation and empire for many of these women. Their stories show how they pushed boundaries, traversed national or regional borders in search of medical opportunities, or attempted to carve out new spaces for women through their service as medical professionals.This work, which includes little studied sources never before accessible in English, will appeal to scholars and students of history, Asian studies, gender history/studies, and the history of science, technology, and medicine
Modern Times, New Birth and New Midwives: Midwifery in Japan, 1868–1930s
No full textThe shin-sanba, or medical ‘new-midwife’ who emerged during the Meiji period (1868-
1912) in Japan seems, looked at from the present, to have successfully replaced the ‘old-midwife’
(kyû-sanba) and the increasingly criminalised ‘non-licensed midwife’ (mumenkyo-sanba), while
midwifery was constantly developing as a modern medical profession. This paper suggests that
the history of the midwife during the modern time was more complex than what we see today.
First, the emergence and prosperity of shin-sanba were specific to the historical contingencies of
modern Japan and the interplay of various groups of historical actors – hygiene officers, sankai
(obstetrician-gynaecologists), other midwives, and ‘clients’. Second, through the course of the
modern period, shin-sanba did not replace other types of midwives and in fact, different kinds of
midwives did coexist. Finally, the existence and status of midwives greatly depended upon the
laissez faire medical market, and the market’s realities often contradicted the medical rhetoric
that favoured shin-sanba over other kinds of midwives
Hoi-eun Kim, Doctors of Empire: Medical and Cultural Encounters between Imperial Germany and Meiji Japan
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