174 research outputs found
Development and Validation of Ostensive Communication Coding System
No full textPart 1 The theory of Natural Pedagogy as proposed by Csibra and Gergely (2006, 2010) has provided a comprehensive account of the phenomenon of cultural learning. The theory suggested that ostensive communication in early interaction between the mother-infant dyad plays a crucial role in facilitating the transmission of cultural knowledge. The three ostensive cues identified in that theory are eye contact, being addressed by name and contingent responsivity. This conceptual introduction provides a detailed review of the theory as well as the relevant literature. A critical evaluation of the empirical evidence presented in the body of literature suggests there are major limitations within that evidence, which as a consequence makes the empirical evidence fall short of offering robust support to the theory. This paper concludes by calling for development of a new instrument which allows for collecting data that is necessary for addressing these limitations. Part 2 Aim: (1) To develop the Ostensive Communication Coding System (OCCS). (2) To establish the psychometric properties of the OCCS. Method: Establish the behavioural operational definition and measurements of four ostensive communication – Eye contact, Name addressing, Infant Directed Speech and Contingent responsivity. Apply the OCCS to code videos of mother-infant interaction in two learning paradigms. Due to the occurrence of Covid-19, data collection was interrupted. The second aim of the study could not be fully achieved because of insufficient sample size. 14 infants aged 16 to 22 months took part in the study with their mother. Their interaction in the two learning paradigms are coded with OCCCS. Result: Interrater reliability of OCCS was assessed via intraclass correlation coefficients. Interrater reliability was excellent for all the scale components (> .90). Construct validity was tested with Parenting Stress Index, Fourth Edition Short Form (PSI-4-SF) and The Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ) via quasi-qualitative method, individual patterns of scores were observed. The results provided supportive evidence of the construct validity of OCCS Conclusion: The OCCS is likely to be a reliable and valid instruction to assess ostensive communication in natural pedagogical situation. Implications for future development are discussed
Strategies for Effective Dentist-Patient Communication: A Literature Review
No full textJasmine Cheuk Ying Ho,1 Hollis Haotian Chai,1 Edward Chin Man Lo,1 Michelle Zeping Huang,1,2 Chun Hung Chu1 1Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of English, The Hang Seng University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Chun Hung Chu, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 3B26, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China, Email [email protected] Michelle Zeping Huang, The Department of English, Hang Seng University of Hong Kong, Hang Shin Link, Siu Lek Yuen, Shatine, N.T, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China, Email [email protected]: The effectiveness of high-quality dental care predominantly lies on the communication between dentist and patient. However, little literature has reported the importance of these “soft skills” in dental practice. The aim of this literature review is to explore strategies for effective dentist-patient communication. Dentist-patient communication is a bidirectional process involving the exchange of ideas that should be clear (easy to understand), correct (accurate), concise (to the point), complete (with essential information), and cohesive (well-organized). Effective communication empowers patients with the knowledge required to make an informed decision about their own oral health. It not only improves the dentist’s efficiency and boosts patient confidence, but also alleviates patients’ dental anxiety and fear, addresses patients’ needs and preferences, increases patients’ adherence, and enhances patient satisfaction. To enhance dentist-patient communication, dentists should take the patient-centered approach as a premise. The approach comprises understanding patients’ illnesses, shared decision-making, and mindful intervention at the patient’s own pace. In addition, dentists should use simple, succinct language, proper body posture, gestures, facial expressions, and eye contact when interacting with patients. Dentists should show empathy, encourage questions and feedback, employ visual aids, and give ample time to patients. Nowadays, dentists and their patients use messaging applications in their communication. This form of telecommunication is not only a convenient way of communication but also reduces the costs associated with a dentist visit. In conclusion, effective dentist-patient communication is vital for the success of dental practice. Dentists who prioritize communication and build positive relationships with their patients are more likely to achieve positive outcomes and foster the expansion of their dental practice.Keywords: dentist-patient communication, medical communication, communication strategies, dentist-patient interactio
Transdiagnostic Self-Help Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia on Depressive Symptoms : A Systematic Review and Meta -Analysis
No full textSleep disturbances commonly occur in patients with depression. To date, insomnia is considered not only a symptom of but also a risk factor of depression. This study aimed to review current literature, examine the efficacy of transdiagnostic self-help cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) on depressive symptoms, and to explore possible factors that might contribute to the effectiveness of the treatment.
A systematic review was performed up to March 2016 on studies published in 6 major electronic databases. Two researchers were responsible for study identification, data extraction, and methodological quality evaluation according to the Cochrane criteria.
A total of 2,510 potentially relevant citations were identified, and 19 randomized controlled trials that compared self-help CBT-I vs. waiting-list, routine care, or no treatment, therapist-administered CBT-I, group CBT-I and placebo were included. Random effects models showed significant reduction in self-report depressive symptoms in the self-help CBT-I group when compared to the waiting-list control group (Hedges’ g = 0.61).
Transdiagnostic CBT-I appears to be efficacious in treating depressive symptoms. Based on the results of the systematic review, we have designed a transdiagnostic CBT-I smartphone application “proACT-S” to evaluate the preliminary effectiveness and feasibility in Chinese population
Transdiagnostic self-help cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia on depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textScalable group-based checkpoint/restart for large-scale message-passing systems
No full textThe ever increasing number of processors used in parallel computers is making fault tolerance support in large-scale parallel systems more and more important. We discuss the inadequacies of existing system-level checkpointing solutions for message-passing applications as the system scales up. We analyze the coordination cost and blocking behavior of two current MPI implementations with checkpointing support. A group-based solution combining coordinated checkpointing and message logging is then proposed. Experiment results demonstrate its better performance and scalability than LAM/MPI and MPICH-VCL. To assist group formation, a method to analyze the communication behaviors of the application is proposed. ©2008 IEEE.published_or_final_versio
Up-regulation of glycosylphatidylinositols anchor attachment protein 1 (GAA1), a novel oncogene, in hepatocellular carcinoma
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The iliolumbar ligament. A study of its anatomy, development and clinical significance
No full textThe development of the iliolumbar ligament and its anatomy and histology were studied in cadavers from the newborn to the ninth decade. The structure was entirely muscular in the newborn and became ligamentous only from the second decade, being formed by metaplasia from fibres of the quadratus lumborum muscle. By the third decade, the definitive ligament was well formed; degenerative changes were noted in older specimens. The iliolumbar ligament may have an important role in maintaining lumbosacral stability in patients with lumbar disc degeneration, degenerative spondylolisthesis and pelvic obliquity secondary to neuromuscular scoliosis.link_to_subscribed_fulltex
Up-regulation of glycosylphatidylinositols anchor attachment protein (GAA1), a novel oncogene, in hepatocellular carcinoma
No full text
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