3,539 research outputs found
Host gene–microbiome interactions: molecular mechanisms in inflammatory bowel disease
No full textEditorial summary Recent studies have identified links between host genetic variants and microbial recognition of the microbiome. Defects in host–microbiome interactions in individuals harboring inflammatory bowel disease risk alleles may result in imbalances of the microbial community, impaired pathogen clearance, and failure to sense beneficial commensal microbes. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining bi-directional communication at the mucosal interface during intestinal homeostasis
The Localization Hypothesis and Machines
No full textIn a recent article in 'Artificial Life', Chu and Ho suggested that Rosen's central result about the simulability of living systems might be flawed. This argument was later declared ''null and void'' by Louie. In this article the validity of Louie's objections are examined
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Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and their response against bacterial infections
No full textMucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate T cells that were first believed to specialize in anti-bacterial responses, however, have shown to be involved in other immune responses, for example, against viruses, as well as processes of tissue-repair. After a lung infection with bacteria containing riboflavin metabolic pathways, Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells expand and remained expanded in the tissue for long-term. Subpopulations of KLRG1+ and CD127+ MAIT cells are observable after infection, but only CD127+ population is detectable at steady state. Some of the transcriptional changes observable long-term after exposure are also found in canonical T cell memory populations when compared to naïve cells. We plan to use these conventional immunological memory overlapping genes and MAIT-exclusive gene hits to perform a in vivo CRISPR screen that would help us determine which genes enable the generation of these long-term expanded MAIT cells
MTO2000 Speedi-db
No full textLocuteurs dysphoniques enregistrés dans le service ORL du CHU de la Timone à Marseille entre 1995 et 200
Halocarbons in the atmosphere of the industrial-related Pearl River Delta region of China
No full textAuthor name used in this publication: Chu, K. W.Version of RecordPublishedVoR allowe
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Adaptation of Bacteroides fragilis to oxidative stress drives modifications in nutrient utilization and promotes inflammatory immune response
No full textBacteroides fragilis is an anaerobic bacteria that typically plays a beneficial role in the human gut. However, some strains are able to infect extraintestinal tissues and persist in inflammatory environments that have high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS damage microbial DNA and can drive adaptive evolution by mutagenesis. It has been established that B. fragilis is one of the most aerotolerant Bacteroides species, but the adaptation B. fragilis undergoes in high-ROS environments remains unknown. Our study describes the adaptation of B. fragilis to oxidative stress through consecutive exposures to sublethal concentrations of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) and identifies mutations in genes involved in nutrient utilization, such as the starch uptake system susC and the ferrous iron transport system feoAB. We demonstrate that the evolved B. fragilis strain has impaired ability to utilize various carbon sources and decreased uptake of ferrous iron to reduce ROS accumulation in the cell. Additionally, the evolved B. fragilis induces a more pro-inflammatory immune response in vitro. Our results suggest that modifying nutrient utilization during adaptation to oxidative stress may contribute to the pathogenicity of B. fragilis during human infection
Retour d’expérience, CHU de Rouen confronté à une attaque en 2019
No full textInternational audienceIn this article, the author returns to the cyberattack against the Rouen University Hospital dating from 2019. It describes the measures that had to be put in place in order to respond to them and allow the proper functioning of the health system during this period of destabilization. For the author, a cyberattack is managed in six phases: 1. preparation for crisis management; 2. Identification of the cause and extent of the incident; 3. Compartmentalization and implementation of the action plan; 4. Remediation; 5. Restoration; 6. Feedback. For the author, the organization of the crisis unit is specific to each health institution but it is essential to train staff in the risks of a cyberattack.Dans cet article, l’auteur revient sur la cyberattaque à l’encontre du CHU de Rouen datant de 2019. Il décrit les mesures qui ont dû être mises en place afin de répondre à celles-ci et permettre le bon fonctionnement du système de santé durant cette période de déstabilisation. Pour l’auteur, une cyberattaque se gère en six phases : 1. la préparation de la gestion de crise ; 2. Identification de la cause et de l’étendue de l’incident ; 3. Le cloisonnement et la mise en place du plan d’action ; 4. La remédiation ; 5. La restauration ; 6. Le retour d’expérience. Pour l’auteur, l’organisation de la cellule de crise est propre à chaque établissement de santé mais il est indispensable de former le personnel aux risques d’une cyberattaque
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Niche-specific genetic variation and its impact on fitness in Bacteroides fragilis strains
No full textThe Human gastrointestinal tract provides a broad range of environmental niches taht can be colonized by a variety of microbes. The microbes found within the mucosal niches depend on both dietary and endogenous energy for survival (Peled et al., 2021). In return, these microbes are capable of providing numerous beneficial effects for the host including digestion of complex nutrients and the development of the immune systems (Peled et al., 2021, Zheng, 2020). The ability of microbes to metabolize indigestible fibers, especially in low fat, high fiber diets, have been linked to positive health outcomes in both mice and humans (Killinger et al., 2022, Makki et al., 2018). The Bacteroides genus, which is characterized as a Gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria, colonizes the lower gastrointestinal tract and includes Bacteroides fragilis (Wexler et al., 2007). In addition to its prominent role as a commensal bacterium of the gut, B. fragilis is also often attributed as the most virulent among the many species within Bacteroides due to its prevalence in extra-intestinal infections and high mortality rate(Wexler et al., 2007). The capacity of B. fragilis in using these diverse nutrients in the environment, within the gastrointestinal tract and systematically highlights its ability as a microbe (Nakajima et al., 2020, Huang et al., 2011, Sears, 2001). This ability to thrive in different nutritional conditions demonstrates its versatility within the complex gut environment. Here, we demonstrate that strains of B. fragilis isolated from a variety of sources exhibit different growth magnitudes and patterns through in vitro assays with complex media. We performed shotgun whole genome sequencing, and in combination with publicly available sequences, constructed a B. fragilis pan-genome model. We show that genetic differences between isolates was in part due to genes that coded molecular machinery. The growth kinetics for defined energy sources was evaluated, showing that isolate level genetic differences could impact nutrient utilization in B. fragilis. In conclusion, we show that genetic variations within nutrient acquisition genes affect the fitness of B. fragilis strains in specific conditions and therefore, strain-level variation impacts the capability of B. fragilis to survive in various biological contexts
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