294 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-aph-10.1177_10105395241245496 – Supplemental material for Association of Individual Behaviors With Infection Prevention Measures and COVID-19 Development: A Japanese Cross-Sectional Study
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-aph-10.1177_10105395241245496 for Association of Individual Behaviors With Infection Prevention Measures and COVID-19 Development: A Japanese Cross-Sectional Study by Hitoshi Honda, Akane Takamatsu, Toshiki Miwa, Takahiro Tabuchi, Haruyo Nakamura, Kiyosu Taniguchi, Kenji Shibuya and Yasuharu Tokuda in Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health</p
Understanding required to consider AI applications to the field of ophthalmology
No full textApplications of artificial intelligence technology, especially deep learning, in ophthalmology research have started with the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy and have now expanded to all areas of ophthalmology, mainly in the identification of fundus diseases such as glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. In addition to fundus photography, optical coherence tomography is often used as an imaging device. In addition to simple binary classification, region identification (segmentation model) is used as an identification method for interpretability. Furthermore, there have been AI applications in the area of regression estimation, which is different from diagnostic identification. While expectations for deep learning AI are rising, regulatory agencies have begun issuing guidance on the medical applications of AI. The reason behind this trend is that there are a number of existing issues regarding the application of AI that need to be considered, including, but not limited to, the handling of personal information by large technology companies, the black-box issue, the flaming issue, the theory of responsibility, and issues related to improving the performance of commercially available AI. Furthermore, researchers have reported that there are a plethora of issues that simply cannot be solved by the high performance of artificial intelligence models, such as educating users and securing the communication environment, which are just a few of the necessary steps toward the actual implementation process of an AI society. Multifaceted perspectives and efforts are needed to create better ophthalmology care through AI
Understanding required to consider artificial intelligence applications to the field of ophthalmology
No full text
Comparison of visual performance of toric versus non-toric intraocular lenses with same material
No full textTomofusa Yamauchi,1 Hitoshi Tabuchi,1 Kosuke Takase,1 Zaigen Ohara,1 Hitoshi Imamura,1 Yoshiaki Kiuchi2 1Department of Ophthalmology, Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Japan; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan Aim: We compared the visual performance of toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) and non-toric IOLs made of the same material.Patients and materials: The subjects included patients implanted with either Acrysof IQ® toric IOLs (SN6AT3-9) or Acrysof IQ® IOLs (SN60WF) bilaterally. The toric group included 103 patients who were implanted with Acrysof IQ toric IOLs bilaterally. The non-toric group was a corneal astigmatism-matched control group and included 103 patients who were implanted with Acrysof IQ IOLs bilaterally.Results: The uncorrected distance visual acuity was significantly better in the toric group, whereas the uncorrected 50 cm visual acuity was better in the non-toric group. There was no significant difference in contrast sensitivity (with and without glare) between both the groups. The rate of spectacle dependency for distance vision was significantly lower in the toric group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in all items of the postoperative quality-of-vision questionnaire (25-item Visual Function Questionnaire).Conclusion: The toric IOLs used in this study reduced spectacle dependency more than the non-toric IOLs and did not compromise the subjective visual function, but the uncorrected 50 cm vision was worse in toric IOL implanted eyes. Keywords: cataract, cataract surgery, astigmatism, visual functio
Real-time artificial intelligence evaluation of cataract surgery: A preliminary study on demonstration experiment
No full textPURPOSE: We demonstrated real-time evaluation technology for cataract surgery using artificial intelligence (AI) to residents and supervising doctors (doctors), and performed a comparison between the two groups in terms of risk indicators and duration for two of the important processes of surgery, continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) and phacoemulsification (Phaco).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Each of three residents with operative experience of fewer than 100 cases, and three supervising doctors with operative experience of 1000 or more cases, performed cataract surgeries on three cases, respectably, a total of 18 cases. The mean values of the risk indicators in the CCC and Phaco processes measured in real-time during the surgery were statistically compared between the residents' group and the doctors' group.
RESULTS: The mean values (standard deviation) of the risk indicator (the safest, 0 to most risky, 1) for CCC were 0.556 (0.384) in the residents and 0.433 (0.421) in the doctors, those for Phaco were 0.511 (0.423) in the residents and 0.377 (0.406) in the doctors. The doctors' risk indicators were significantly better in both processes (P = 0.0003, P < 0.0001 by Wilcoxon test).
CONCLUSION: We successfully implemented a real-time surgical technique evaluation system for cataract surgery and collected data. The risk indicators were significantly better in the doctors than in the resident's group, suggesting that AI can objectively serve as a new indicator to intraoperatively identify surgical risks
A model of economic geography with demand-pull and congestion costs
No full textThis article proposes a simple model of economic geography by which to derive analytical results when jointly considering two centrifugal forces - congestion costs together with the pull demand effect - within the Dixit-Stiglitz-Iceberg framework. In this vein, we develop a unified model with labour mobility that combines some of the features of Tabuchi (1998) with those of Forslid and Ottaviano (2003). We analytically show that when considering the effects of congestion costs, the dispersion of economic activity is possible not only at high, but also at low transport costs. This result corroborates previous numerical simulations conducted by Tabuchi (1998). Copyright (c) 2008 the author(s). Journal compilation (c) 2008 RSAI.
Prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy in latanoprost users
No full textShunsuke Nakakura,1 Minamai Yamamoto,1 Etsuko Terao,1 Nozomi Nagatomi,1 Naoko Matsuo,1 Yausko Fujisawa,1 Yuki Fujio,1 Hitoshi Tabuchi,1 Yoshiaki Kiuchi2 1Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Japan; 2Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan Purpose: We investigated the incidence of prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy (PAP) in subjects with glaucoma treated with latanoprost ophthalmic solution.Subjects and methods: One eye and the forehead in 22 subjects were evaluated. All patients had used latanoprost for more than 1 year (range, 12 to 45 months; mean, 26.0 months) and were prostaglandin F2α analogue treatment-naïve. Digital photographs of the subjects obtained before latanoprost therapy and at the last examination were compared retrospectively. Four signs of PAP (deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus (DUES), upper eyelid ptosis, flattening of the lower eyelid bags, and inferior scleral show) and supplemental side effects around the eyelids (eyelash growth, poliosis, and eyelid pigmentation) were judged to be negative or positive by three independent observers. If the observers unanimously rated a sign as positive, the result was defined as positive.Results: Twelve subjects (54.5%) had no apparent signs. Three subjects were judged to have DUES (13.6%), and two subjects each were judged to have flattening of the lower eyelid bags and eyelid pigmentation (9.0%). The other signs were judged as positive in only one subject each, respectively (4.5%). A univariate logistic regression analysis showed no significant associations between any of the signs and age, sex, or the duration of therapy.Conclusion: Latanoprost induced DUES, upper eyelid ptosis, flattening of the lower eyelid bags, inferior scleral show, and supplemental side effects around the eyelids; however, the rates of such occurrence might be relatively low. Keywords: glaucoma, prostaglandin F2α, deepening of the upper eyelid sulcu
Efficiency, safety, and patient preference of switching from dorzolamide 1%/timolol 0.5% to brinzolamide 1%/timolol 0.5% while maintaining the prostaglandin F2α analog
No full textYoshie Shimizu,1 Shunsuke Nakakura,1 Makiko Nishiyama,1 Hitoshi Tabuchi,1 Yoshiaki Kiuchi2 1Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, 2Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan Background: We investigated the efficiency, safety and patient preference of switching from dorzolamide 1%/timolol 0.5% to brinzolamide 1%/timolol 0.5% while maintaining the prostaglandin F2α analog.Methods: We initially enrolled 44 eyes from 44 primary open angle glaucoma patients, and a total of 42 patients completed the study. All patients were under treatment with various prostaglandin F2α analogs and dorzolamide 1%/timolol 0.5%. While maintaining the prostaglandin F2α analog, dorzolamide 1%/timolol 0.5% was switched to brinzolamide 1%/timolol 0.5%. Conjunctival hyperemia, superficial punctate keratopathy, and intraocular pressure (IOP) were evaluated at baseline and at 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Adverse events and patient preferences, measured using a questionnaire at study initiation and at 24 weeks, were also noted.Results: The IOP was 17.7±1.7, 16.8±2.6, 16.7±2.2, and 16.7±2.4 mmHg at baseline and at 4, 12, and 24 weeks, respectively, with no significant differences in IOP values at any time point (P=0.117, one-way analysis of variance). In addition, no significant differences were found in the incidence of conjunctival hyperemia or SPK score at any time point (all P>0.5, by Kruskal–Wallis test). Based on the evaluation of side effects using the questionnaire, stinging/burning was less common (P=0.042), while blurred vision was more common (P=0.003), after switching to brinzolamide 1%/timolol 0.5%. Regarding patient preferences, 13 patients (31%) preferred dorzolamide 1%/timolol 0.5%, 12 patients (29%) preferred brinzolamide 1%/timolol 0.5%, and 17 patients (40%) preferred neither.Conclusion: When switching from dorzolamide 1%/timolol 0.5% to brinzolamide 1%/timolol 0.5%, the IOP values and incidence of superficial punctate keratopathy and conjunctival hyperemia were sustained throughout the 24-week observation period, and the patient preferences were similar for the two regimens. However, differences were observed in the ocular sensations of stinging/burning with dorzolamide 1%/timolol 0.5% and blurred vision with brinzolamide 1%/timolol 0.5%. Keywords: glaucoma, prostaglandin F2α, brinzolamide, dorzolamide, fixed combination, timolo
Time course of eccentric macular hole formation after pars plana vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane detected by optical coherence tomography
No full textPurpose: This case report aims to describe the detailed time course of eccentric macular hole (MH) formation following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for epiretinal membrane (ERM) treatment, using optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. Observations: A 60-year-old male patient presented to our hospital with complaints of blurred vision and distortion in his left eye. He was diagnosed with an ERM in the affected eye and subsequently underwent PPV with internal limiting membrane peeling. The patient's initial postoperative course was unremarkable; however, one month later, macular edema worsened, as evidenced by OCT findings. Initially, the edema was observed in both nasal and temporal to the fovea. However, four months postoperatively, the retina fluid in the area nasal to the fovea resolved, and the resolution was delayed in the area temporal to the fovea. At 18 months postoperatively, an eccentric macular hole was detected in the temporal to the fovea. The patient remained asymptomatic, and at the two-year follow-up, the eccentric macular hole demonstrated no signs of enlargement. Conclusions and Importance: This case demonstrates the progression of an unusual asymptomatic parafoveal full-thickness retinal hole after PPV for ERM treatment. Since the development of this condition may occur over a more extended postoperative period than previously reported, long-term patient monitoring is essential following ERM or MH surgery
- …
