74,951 research outputs found
“In Conversation” (Illustrations by Carol Ryder 2015, animation by Zoë Hitchen 2015)
No full textThe dominant ‘fashionable body’ of the 21st century can be clearly identified as tall, thin, young, white and able-bodied. This ongoing practice-based research explores whether the promotion of more diverse representations of the ‘fashionable body’ is possible via fashion illustration.
At the end of October, Carol Ryder - Senior Lecturer in Fashion at LJMU - visited Berkeley, California to attend the International Conference on the Image http://ontheimage.com/2015-conference and present her research into ‘the fashionable body’ including two fashion films, produced from Carol’s own fashion illustrations, which raise questions about ‘fashionable’ body image and aim to promote greater diversity in fashion.
Carol’s research into the variable ‘fashionable body’ is concerned with investigating the social impact of a single, narrowly-defined and extreme fashionable bodily ideal (tall, thin, young, white, able-bodied) and proposes that a more diverse spectrum of fashionable bodies is both possible and necessary. In her practice-led research, Carol utilises her own original fashion illustration work to explore the possibility for illustrations to depict bodies that do not adhere to the current definition of the ‘fashionable body’ and yet can still be identified as ‘fashion illustrations’, thereby questioning what we understand by the term ‘fashionable’, and to what extent ‘fashionability’ is determined by the characteristics of the human bodies depicted in fashion imagery.
As part of her Conference presentation, Carol showed two animated films that were produced this year from her own fashion illustrations.
The first, “Animating Fashion Illustration: Diversity in Fashion Film” (illustrations and animation by Carol Ryder, 2015) was the result of a watercolour fashion illustration, depicting a disabled dancer, that was produced in 129 separate stages. The gradually-evolving stages of the illustration were systematically scanned into a computer and saved as sequenced frames which were used to create a short fashion film (4 minutes, 6 seconds) aiming to challenge the notion that, in order for an image (still or moving) to be considered ‘fashionable’, the body depicted should be tall, thin, young, white and able-bodied.
“I felt that the increased dynamism produced by animated movement was especially helpful in the promotion of body-positivity in a disabled subject, and the use of technology implicit in the production of a film provides a greater sense of modernity – therefore ‘fashionability’ - than that provided by a static illustration. The gradual emergence of the subject in the film attracts the viewer’s interest: it is not clear at the outset what the final image will be so attention is held for longer and directed towards the film’s ‘payoff’ at the end. The addition of music offers another means to engage the viewer, exciting the senses in a way that a static illustration cannot.” Carol Ryder.
The original illustration was inspired by the singer Viktoria Modesta who fought to have her painful and useless left leg removed so she could fulfil her dreams of a career in the music industry. Modesta designs and wears futuristic prosthetics which challenge body image in pop music, and is determined that promotional images of her should not provoke sympathy.
Having created her own animation Ryder subsequently passed the original watercolour illustrations to film-maker Zoë Hitchen (MMU) to create a second fashion film “In Conversation” (Illustrations by Carol Ryder 2015, animation by Zoë Hitchen 2015) that moved beyond simple time-lapse animation:
“… When I started a conversation with Carol, we were concerned about whether fashion illustration that does not feature the currently-defined fashionable body would be readily recognised and validated as ‘fashionable’. We decided to explore if fashion illustration could take a new form in the computer age, and promote positive ideas about body image. Our aim is to find out how people interpret this new fashion image, now it has taken a non-literal narrative in fashion film. As this is digital technology, it tactically emphasises the new, the ground-breaking, and arguably ‘more fashionable’. In an approach that combines social semiotics and cognitive semantics, we wanted to challenge preconceived ideas, and to question the fashionable body… fashion projects a narrow vision, exclusionary mindset, and an ideal of beauty that is oppressive for us all.” Zoë Hitche
The Benefits of Being Economics Professor A (and not Z)
No full textAlphabetic name ordering on multi-authored academic papers, which is the convention in the economics discipline and various other disciplines, is to the advantage of people whose last name initials are placed early in the alphabet. As it turns out, Professor A, who has been a first author more often than Professor Z, will have published more articles and experienced afaster growth rate over the course of her career as a result of reputation and visibility. Moreover, authors know that name ordering matters and indeed take ordering seriously: Several characteristics of an author group composition determine the decision to deviate from the default alphabetic name order to a significant extent.performance measurement, incentives, economists, name ordering
Final word on Jersey Dutch
No full textIn this article, William Z. Shetter compares and contrasts the dialects that developed between different Dutch colonies in the New World. He explores in-depth the nuances of Jersey Dutch, and provides theories to explain how Dutch and colonial languages blended. The article is reprinted from American Speech, December 1958, Volum XXXIII, No. 4
Logarithmic variance profiles and the corresponding f-1 spectra of temperature fluctuations in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection
No full textWe report experimental results for the temperature variance 2(z) and the corresponding frequency spectra P(f) in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection (RBC) in a cylindrical sample of aspect ratioT= D/L = 1:00 (D = 1:12 m is the diameter and L = 1:12 m the height). The measurements were conducted in the Rayleigh-number range 1011 < Ra < 1:35 1014 and Pr ' 0:8. For Ra = 1:35x1014, 2(z) could be described well by a logarithmic dependence on the vertical position z in a range of z 1 < z < z 2 with z 1 ' 70 and z 2 = 0:1L. Here L=(2Nu) is the thickness of a thin thermal sublayer adjacent to the horizontal plate where the heat flux (denoted by the Nusselt number Nu) is carried mostly by thermal diffusion. In the log layer, we found that the temperature spectra had a significant frequency range over which P(f) f with close to 1. As Ra decreased, increased so that the log layer became thinner. At Ra = 2:05 1011, z 2 < z 1 and therefore there was no range for a log layer. Correspondingly, the temperature spectrum near the horizontal plate did not have the f1 scaling form either
Statistics of the subgrid scales after the shock-turbulence interaction
No full textThe interaction of a normal shock with isotropic turbulence (IT) represents a basic problem for studying some of the phenomena associated with high speed flows, such as hypersonic flight, supersonic combustion and Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF). In general, in practical applications, the shock width is much smaller than the turbulence scales and the upstream turbulent Mach number is modest. In this case, recent high resolution shock-resolved Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) (Ryu and Livescu, J. Fluid Mech., 756, R1, 2014) show that the interaction can be described by the Linear Interaction Approximation (LIA). By using LIA to alleviate the need to solve the shock, DNS post-shock data can be generated at much higher Reynolds numbers than previously possible. Here, such results with Taylor Reynolds number around are used to investigate the properties of the subgrid scales (SGS). In particular, it is shown that the shock interaction decreases the asymmetry of the SGS dissipation PDF as the shock Mach number increases, with a significant enhancement in size of the regions and magnitude of backscatter
Transition to turbulence in a qblique shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction at M=15
No full textDirect numerical simulations are carried out for different forcing techniques to trigger transition during the interaction between an oblique shock-wave and a laminar boundary-layer at M = 1.5. Three forcing methods are used: a) forcing of oblique unstable modes, whose shape and behaviour are determined by the local linear stability theory, b) broadband free-stream acoustic disturbances, and c) a cold plasma flow control device. While the oblique-mode breakdown is dominant for low-amplitude forcing, long streaky structures drive the transition process in a high-amplitude disturbance environment. LES are also performed on the experimental setup by the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (ITAM) from Novosibirsk State University with cold plasma actuation. As well as the disturbance type, the effect of Reynolds number and forcing amplitude will be investigated
Triangular Constellations in Flows
No full textParticles advected on the surface of a fluid can exhibit fractal clustering. The local structure of a fractal set is described by its dimension , which is the exponent of a power-law relating the mass in a ball to its radius : . It is desirable to characterise the {\em shapes} of constellations of points sampling a fractal measure, as well as their masses. The simplest example is the distribution of shapes of triangles formed by triplets of points, which we investigate for fractals generated by chaotic dynamical systems. The most significant parameter describing the triangle shape is the ratio of its area to the radius of gyration squared. We show that the probability density of has a phase transition: is independent of and approximately uniform below a critical flow compressibility , which we estimate. For the distribution appears to be described by two power laws: when , and when
Preferential concentration of particles in compressible turbulence
No full textThe behavior of particles in compressible turbulence has been seldom investigated to date despite its importance in many natural and industrial flows. Direct numerical simulations of particle-laden compressible isotropic turbulence are performed to study the preferential concentration of particles and the underling mechanisms. It turns out that heavy particles tend to concentrate in regions of low enstrophy and high fluid density (i.e, strain regions between vortex rings), especially the particles of Kolmogorov scale, which show the largest number density. Due to the compressibility, fluid particles do not distribute uniformly as in incompressible case, but show a tendency to bunch up in high density zones. The preliminary result might give some insights into compressible turbulent transport, dispersion and mixing as well as the subgrid-scale modeling for large-eddy simulation of particle-laden compressible flows
Turbulent structures in unsteady wall-bounded flow subject to temporal acceleration
No full textDirect numerical simulations (DNS) of a transient turbulent channel flow subject to constant temporal acceleration have been performed with a final Reynolds number of \Retau=800. The response of turbulent structures to the temporal acceleration is investigated. A significant delay in the response of turbulent flow is observed in various turbulent properties. It is found that the response of turbulent flow to temporal acceleration consists of two stages: the destruction of the initial \emph{old} turbulence, followed by the generation of \emph{new} turbulence associated with a higher number. The \emph{new} turbulence is much stronger than the \emph{old} turbulence
Incorporation of acceleration effects into the one-dimensional-turbulence model, with application to turbulent combustion and shock-turbulence interactions
No full textOne-dimensional turbulence (ODT) is a stochastic simulation in which 3D turbulence effects are captured on a notional 1D line of sight by introducing instantaneous spatial re-arrangements (maps) that represent advection by notional turbulent eddies. These eddy events incorporate the possibility of kinetic-energy changes that are equal and opposite to changes of other forms of energy such as the gravitational potential energy change due to a re-arrangement of a vertical density profile. This illustrates that motion aligned with an applied force, in this case gravitation , can be associated with energy change. Using this principle, we 1) present a model of turbulence interaction with the dilatational acceleration caused by thermal expansion in flames and show results for a turbulent counterflow flame with comparison to DNS and 2) present a model for shock-induced turbulence and show results for mixing width growth in a shock tube with comparison to experiments
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