320 research outputs found
Innovation i regional utvecklingspolitik : Flexibilitet, byråkrati och samverkan vid projektbaserad implementering
No full textI avhandlingen granskas uppkomsten av processinnovationer vid projektbaserad implementering av EU:s kohesionspolitik. Ökad social- och ekonomisk sammanhållning förväntas uppstå genom insatser för att skapa sysselsättning, konkurrenskraft och ekonomisk tillväxt, främst riktade till mindre utvecklade regioner. Kohesionspolitikens implementering sker genom att finansiera projekt som bland annat skall skapa förutsättningar för kunskaps- och innovationsdriven tillväxt. Problematiskt är emellertid att implementeringen med projekt bygger på fundamentalt motstridiga förväntningar om hur projekt skall fungera. Projekt förväntas möjliggöra informell samverkan och flexibel samhällelig problemlösning som skall leda till nytänkande och innovation. Dessa egenskaper har bidragit till projektets popularitet som ett instrument för icke-byråkratisk organisering i offentliga sektorn. Samtidigt bygger projektet till sin funktion på planering, målmedvetet genomförande och resultatkontroll. Projektet uppfattas därför ofta som en grundläggande byråkratisk organisationsform. Projektarbetets kontrollorienterade anlag och fokus på genomförande enligt vad man på förhand planerat väcker frågor kring projektets möjligheter till flexibel och informell samverkan som är centrala egenskaper för uppkomsten av innovationer. Projektbaserade implementeringens motstridigheter konceptualiseras i avhandlingen som konfliktfyllda institutionella logiker.
Teoretiska diskussion kretsar kring kontrollorienterad byråkratisk logik och projektlogik som betonar flexibel experimentering och samverkan. Teoretiska antaganden om hur innovation uppstår härleds med utgångspunkt i logikerna. Avhandlingens metod är logistisk regressionsanalys och empiriskt undersöks interaktionseffekter kring hur flexibilitet, byråkratisk kontroll och interorganisatorisk samverkan påverkar uppkomsten av processinnovationer i utvecklingsprojekt. I praktiken granskas finländska regionala utvecklingsprojekt (N=689) finanseriade ur Europeiska regionala utvecklingsfonden.
Resultaten visar att flexibla projekt har en tendens att producera innovationer. Flexibilitet kan också ses som en mekanism för att snappa upp idéer ur omgivningen och ett sätt för projekten att vara responsiva mot omgivande aktörer. Detta kan ha en innovationsfrämjande effekt. Medverkan av olika slags aktörer i projekt som inte visar tecken på flexibilitet verkar däremot hämma förmågan att skapa innovationer. Projektarbetets byråkratiska hinder har också en begränsande inverkan på uppkomsten av innovation. Intervjuer med projektledare ur tre utvecklingsprojekt belyser och problematiserar sambanden.
Avhandlingen gör ett bidrag genom att med stark empirisk förankring utreda de mekanismer som ligger bakom uppkomsten av processinnovationer vid projektbaserad implementering av kohesionspolitiken. För framgångsrik regional utvecklingspolitik krävs utvecklingsprojekt som kan bidra till att skapa innovationer. Innovationer är centrala för att stärka regionernas ekonomiska utveckling och skapa till en effektfull kohesionspolitik. Avhandlingen visar att utvecklingsprojektens flexibilitet och förmåga till responsiv samverkan är viktigt för att innovationer skall uppstå
The Universal Author Identifier System (UAI_Sys)
No full textOne common problem in the scientific research literature is that each one author cannot easily be identified uniquely. The problem arises when there are authors with identical names, authors who have changed their name(s) in the course of time, and authors whose names appear in alternative versions (for example: Jaakko Hyvärinen, and J. P. Hyvärinen) across the publications they have (co-) authored. The issue becomes more of a problem when data analysis utilizing author names is to be conducted, for example: in citation analysis. In this paper we introduce the Universal Author Identifier system, codenamed UAI_Sys. The system is web based and publicly available, enabling each one author to register/update his/her own metadata, plus acquire a unique identifier (UAI code), ensuring name disambiguation. As soon as UAI_Sys becomes accepted and enjoys worldwide use, selected author metadata will become globally available to all interested parties. Care is taken so that UAI_Sys comprises more than just a database for storing and handling author identifiers. Provision i
The disclosure game : inception, implementation and unusual influence of aid transparency
Get PDFDefence date: 15 June 2022Examining Board: Prof. Philipp Genschel (European University Institute, Supervisor); Prof. Diane Stone (European University Institute); Prof. Rachel Beatty Riedl (Cornell University); Prof. Tero Erkkilä (University of Helsinki)The dissertation investigates the origins, implementation, and effects of transparency in development aid. Transparency is a key tenet in most contemporary governance reforms because of its inherent value and expected instrumental benefits. Under the auspice of transparency, standardized information disclosure practices – an increasingly common yet understudied form of transparency – are being deployed in the development field to improve governance. The relationship between disclosing information and improved aid is, however, conceptually unclear, underspecified, poorly validated and arguably problematic. This research tackles these issues by identifying the origins of aid transparency, theorising the global architecture for information disclosure and investigating its consequences for governing. The approach of the dissertation is institutional, emphasising the steering influences of the imperative to disclose data. The research builds on a multi-method design with four empirical parts. The first part explores how information sharing developed into a global norm. The second part consists of two donor case studies that consider what aid transparency entails in practice. The third part links information disclosure and aid governance qualities through quantitative analysis to pinpoint what kind of governing information disclosure contributes to. The fourth part inspects how information disclosure over time generates implicit conditionalities in global aid flows. The thesis argues and shows empirically that the spread of aid transparency contributes to a self-perpetuating form of aid governance where donors disclose to obtain evidence and seek evidence to be able to disclose. This elusive quest for evidence has political implications as it shapes who gets funds. The unfortunate risk of the openness paradigm is pushing the development field towards two-tiered aid governance where those recipients that possess the institutional capabilities to partake data-dense governing benefit disproportionately compared to others, who are left to fend for themselves or rely on alternative funding from outside of the Western, data-obsessed donor establishment
Disclosure Games: A Survey Experiment on Aid Allocation and Development Project Legitimacy
No full textDisclosure Games: A Survey Experiment on Aid Allocation and Development Project Legitimacy
No full textMethodology of comparative law today : from paradoxes to flexibility ?
No full textThis article criticises overtly normative, rigid and paradoxical positions found within the methodological debate of comparative law and comparative legal studies today. The author studies possibilities for a new method by which to conceive the nature of methodology concerning comparative study of law. The article advocates for a common sense based flexible understanding of comparative late modern methodology. Both mainstream and non-mainstream methodologies are analysed from a theoretical point of view. Methodological contradictions between these two are regarded to be artificial as to their foundational nature. The author makes suggestions for a more open way by which to conceive methodology, which is capable of evading some of the problems found at the extreme ends of the methodological debate between functionalistic and culturally/ contextually-oriented schools of thought. The author’s argument invokes the idea of methodological scale and, furthermore, defends multidisciplinary teamwork in comparative study of law. According to this line of thinking, this article suggests that all-or-nothing nature of methodological debate should be avoided because it is unrealistic and reflects poor self-image of comparative study of law.L’article présente une critique envers les positions normatives, rigides et paradoxales dans le débat méthodologique de droit comparé aujourd’hui. L’auteur étudie les différentes possibilités d’une nouvelle approche pour concevoir une méthodologie. Il fait une analyse des méthodologies de tendance générale ainsi que des méthodologies en dehors de celle-ci. Les contradictions entre les deux sont considérées comme artificielles par rapport à leur caractère fondamental. Ce que l’auteur propose est un procédé plus ouvert pour la création de méthodologie; celui-ci serait capable d’échapper à une partie des problèmes se trouvant aux deux extrémités du débat méthodologique. Cela évoque l’idée d’une échelle méthodologique et, en outre, défend le travail d’équipe multidisciplinaire dans le domaine de droit comparatif. Il est proposé que la nature tout ou rien du débat méthodologique soit évitée à cause de son caractère irréaliste et parce qu’elle reflète la mauvaise image de soi de l’étude comparative du droit.Husa Jaakko. Methodology of comparative law today : from paradoxes to flexibility ?. In: Revue internationale de droit comparé. Vol. 58 N°4,2006. pp. 1095-1117
Do public administrators overstate their support for good governance? : Evidence from a list experiment in Finland
No full textIn this study, we analyze the social desirability bias related to good governance principles among public administrators. While good governance is a cornerstone in public administration reforms, the normative stance of good governance in contemporary democratic governing may provoke socially desirable survey responses among those that do not share the values. This is important to consider, because a latent resistance to good governance would indicate a risk of mission drift in promoting good governance. Using a list experiment on Finnish public administrators we estimate bias-corrected opinions on the principles of participation, government effectiveness, responsiveness, and transparency. Finland is a critical case; scoring high on international good governance rankings and serving a model for reforms, finding a bias against good governance principles among its administrators would imply that governance reforms come with the dilemma of negative opinion suppressed due to social desirability. We discover a considerable social desirability bias related to participation, responsiveness, and transparency. Our findings challenge traditional survey research and provide important considerations for researchers when studying the values and attitudes of public administrators.Peer reviewe
Same-sex Bias? A List Experiment on Reasons to Abstain from Voting for Candidates in Presidential Elections
No full textThis research investigates a potential same-sex bias in the run-up to the 2024 Finnish presidential elections. Using a list-experiment, we seek to identify a potential bias against a candidate with a same-sex partner. The research builds on the notion that respondents might not be entirely truthful when asked directly about supporting a candidate with a same-sex partner. Identifying a potential social desirability bias in regard to attitudes to gay politicians is important in order to obtain precise estimates about the true support for candidates in elections
Candidate choice in a presidential election: The effect of personal traits and values (conjoint experiment)
No full textThis conjoint experiment sets out to establish the effect of different values and personal traits on candidate favourability in the setting of a presidential election.
The literature on how voters decide has long established that voters rely on information shortcuts to assist them in their electoral choice (Popkin 1991; Mondak 1993). Such shortcuts may increase voters’ cognitive efficiency, but also to reduce the time and effort devoted to deciding how to vote.
Cues can come in different forms and be related to the political ideological schemata, or specific policy issues, but they can also be related to candidates various characteristics. We here test the relative effects of these different types of traits in a conjoint experiment on candidate favourability in the setting of a Finnish presidential election, where the president's powers are in the field of foreign and security policy.
The experiment is fielded as part of a survey with other questions about the presidential election
The effect of governance arrangements on public servants' legitimacy perceptions: a survey experiment
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