12 research outputs found
Establishment of savings and credit cooperative society for Parakuyo Imara: "A case of Parakuyo Imara Livestock Primary Cooperative Society Limited in Mikongoro Sub Village, Msata Ward, Bagamoyo District"
No full textThe Parakuyo Imara Livestock Primary Cooperative Society (Parakuyo Imara) is a community-based organization (CBO) based in Mikongoro sub-village in Msata ward, Bagamoyo district. Most of Parakuyo Imara members are pastoralist MAASAI by tribe. Parakuyo Imara had 22 founder members, comprising of 6 women and 16 men, residents of Mikongoro in the year 2000. The community members face a problem of low level of income, which induces poor quality of livestock and crop production due to poor methods of crop and animal husbandry.
The CBO objective was to improve the livelihoods of its members and those of the community as a whole through improved crop production and livestock husbandry practices. The CBO was registered as livestock primary cooperative society under the Cooperatives Act, 1991.
The study therefore aims to find out feasible and viable ways of establishing Savings and Credit Cooperative Society (SACCOS) at Msata ward. The study considered SACCOS as the best and simply means of generating capital for investment among poor. The research involved a sample size of 38 respondents 14 were female, and 24 were male. A research finding shows the necessity of establishment of a SACCOS in the community. The community expected the newly established SACCOS to solve the identified problem of low capital investment to boost up income level of the members. The project seeks Members and leaders to mobilize local savings and operate a small-scale credit facility through SACCOS. (Author abstract)Msakamali, M. M. (2007). Establishment of savings and credit cooperative society for Parakuyo Imara: a case of Parakuyo Imara Livestock Primary Cooperative Society Limited in Mikongoro Sub Village, Msata Ward, Bagamoyo District. Retrieved from http://academicarchive.snhu.eduMaster of Science (M.S.)School of Community Economic Developmen
Imara analibiae Espinoza & Gonzalez, new species
No full text<i>Imara analibiae</i> Espinoza & González, new species (Figs. 1–4) <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>: The forewing pattern of <i>Imara analibiae</i> slightly resembles that of <i>Ircila hecate</i> (Herrich­Schäffer), and the wing shape somewhat resembles members of <i>Athis</i> Hübner. However, the new species is excluded from both these genera by its wing venation. The discal cell of <i>Imara analibiae</i> is partly closed, with the radial accessory cell present, and with R3 and R4 connate. The origin of R4 occurs at approximately 2/3 the length of the forewing costa as in <i>Ircila hecate</i>; however, the origins of M2, M3, and Cu1a are equidistant as in <i>Athis.</i> In the new species, the forewing is broad, somewhat rounded near its apex, but straight along its lateral margin. The radial accessory cell is reduced, the forewing cell is partly closed, and there is an indication of the recurrent vein. The discal cell of the hindwing is partly closed (for venation details in <i>Ircila, Athis</i> and <i>Imara</i>, see Miller 1986; for further venation details of <i>Athis</i> see González 2004). Although the forewing color and pattern of <i>Imara analibiae</i> resembles neither of the other two known species in the genus, <i>I. pallasia</i> (Eschscholtz) and <i>I. satrapes</i> (Kollar), the venation of the new species is characteristic of that genus. In addition, the genitalia of <i>I. analibiae</i> are strikingly similar to that of <i>I. pallasia</i> with the uncus fused into a single blunt point, socius reduced, gnathos slightly sclerotised, and valva lobate.</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. <b>Male</b>. <i>Head</i>: Brown; antenna dark brown; palpus creamy white. <i>Thorax</i>: brown. Fore­ and hind legs brown covered with reddish­brown scales; the specimen lacks the mid legs. <i>Forewing</i> (Fig. 1): Length: 45 mm. Broad, with costal margin somewhat rounded near apex; apex acute; termen straight. Ground color brown with bluish/greenish iridescence; a white transverse band extending from costa near apex to middle of anal margin. Near costa, this band consists of two continuous, crescent­shaped spots, one spot between R3 and R4, the other between R4 and R5; band continuous from below R5 to anal angle. <i>Forewing venation</i> (Fig. 2) with radial accessory cell closed in part; R3 and R4 connate at apex of radial accessory cell; origins of M2 and M3 closer to one another than M2 is to M1; 2A extends parallel to 1A and almost half the length of it. Ventral surface dark brown, with rather uniform faint bluish/greenish iridescence. Apical area brown extending to wing margin. Base and discal area with creamy­white patch basally that reaches the basal and discal areas. <i>Hindwing</i> (Fig. 1): Dark brown to black dorsally, with rather uniform faint bluish/greenish iridescence, and a wide creamy­white post­median "band". A dark brown to black patch, with rather uniform faint bluish iridescence present along the tornus. An extra­discal band of seven white spots present. Middle spots clearly defined, those at margins somewhat diffuse. Basal to post­medial area creamy­white, ventrally, extending to both anal and costal margins. Extra­discal band of spots present ventrally. <i>Hindwing Venation</i> (Fig. 2): Discal cell partially closed. Origin of RS and M1 closer to base of wing than to the Discal Cell. Setal patches present on secondary cell and along 1A basally. <i>Abdomen</i>: Covered with creamy white scales. First abdominal segment dark brown with rather uniform faint bluish/greenish iridescence. Last abdominal segment covered with reddish­brown scales. <i>Genitalia</i> (Fig. 3): Uncus fused into a single blunt point; socius reduced; gnathos sclerotized, bifurcate anteriad, weakly dentate posteriad; scaphium setose, with anterior margin of subscaphium slightly sclerotized. Valva slighly lobate, setose. Saccus almost equal in length to costal margin of valve; phallus simple, sclerotized, with distance between recurved portion and dorsal margin of phallobase about 1.5X ventral length of phallobase; aedeagus simple.</p> <p> <b>Female.</b> <i>Head</i>: Brown; antenna dark brown to black, with rather uniform faint bluish/ greenish iridescence; palpus creamy­white. <i>Thorax</i>: Dark brown; fore leg brown covered with reddish­brown scales; mid leg reddish brown with a creamy white band on lateral exterior side of femur posteriad; hind leg creamy­white with a reddish brown band near apex of femur. <i>Forewing</i> (Fig. 1): Length 59 mm. Broad, somewhat rounded near apex, and slightly rounded along lateral margin. Dark brown to black dorsally and ventrally, with rather uniform faint bluish/greenish iridescence on both. Diagonal and transverse creamywhite bands present, both dorsally and ventrally. Diagonal band formed by two white continuous crescent­shaped spots; one between R3 and R4, the other between R4 and R5. Below intersection (R5), diagonal band continuous, increasing in width toward anal angle. Paratype with an additional creamy­white spot in postmedial area, between M3 and Cu1a. Marginal area with a discontinuous grayish­white band along Cu1a and Cu1b. <i>Forewing Venation</i> (Fig. 2): Radial accessory cell present with forewing cell partially closed, with a suggestion of recurrent vein; R3 and R4 connate; origins of M3 and Cu1a closer to one another than M3 is to M2; 2A extends parallel to A1 and almost half the length of it. <i>Hindwing</i> (Fig. 1): Dark brown to black dorsally, with rather uniform faint bluish/greenish iridescence and creamy­white post­median band. An extra discal spot band than is visible. A band of seven creamy­white well­defined spots present along lateral margin, those at each end of band smaller. <i>Hindwing Venation</i> (Fig. 2): discal cell partially closed. Origin of RS and M1 is closer to base of wing than to discal cell. Setal patches present in secondary accessory cell and at base of 1A. The hindwing is reddish brown ventrally, basal area with post­medial band of creamy­white spots extending from costal to anal margin, tornus area dark brown to black, with rather uniform faint bluish/greenish iridescence. Creamy­white spots present ventrally. Frenulum has 9 bristles in allotype, 10 in paratype. <i>Abdomen:</i> Creamy white dorsally; first abdominal segment dark brown with rather uniform faint bluish/greenish iridescence; last abdominal segment covered with reddish brown scales. <i>Genitalia</i> (Fig. 4): The female genitalia were extracted and associated with the specimen for some years before we found it. The tips of the papillae anales are missing, and only their bases remains attached. The base looks slightly sclerotized. Ostium bursae, enlarged, enclosed, with membranous tube. Corpus bursae opaque and membranous with signum located centrally.</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> HOLOTYPE ɗ, Costa Rica, Heredia, Finca La Selva, I­IV­ 1983, 55m, leg. I.A. Chacón (INBIOCRI001056116); ALLOTYPE Ψ, Costa Rica, Heredia, Puerto Viejo, Sarapiquí, Finca la Selva, 35m, 30­IV­1987, M. M. Chavarria Díaz (INBIOCRI001056101); PARATYPE Ψ, Costa Rica, Heredia, Est. Biol. La Selva, 50– 150m, 10°26’ N, 84°01’ W, Coll. D. McKenna, 4­II­2002 (INB0003218720). All specimens deposited in INBio.</p> <p> <b>Host plant</b>. Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Distribution and Habitat</b>. The three specimens of <i>I. analibiae</i> were collected in the forest of the Estación Biológica La Selva, Organization of Tropical Studies (OTS), near Puerto Viejo, Sarapiquí, Heredia province, Costa Rica. The collecting sites are in an area of approximately 1,500 ha bordering Braulio Carrillo National Park. The elevation of the La Selva Station ranges from 50 to 150 m, with 4 m mean annual rainfall that is spread rather evenly throughout the year. The habitat is a mosaic of mature lowland forest, secondary growth forest of various ages, and abandoned pastures.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific epithet is a combination of Ana and Libia. The species is named after two great women: Ana, mother of the first author, and Libia, mother of the second author, as homage to their efforts to raise their families and to encourage the need for honesty, hard work, and the search for knowledge in their children.</p>Published as part of <i>Espinoza, Bernardo & González, Jorge M., 2005, Description of a new species of Imara Houlbert, 1918 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae), pp. 1-8 in Zootaxa 849</i> on pages 2-6, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/170733">10.5281/zenodo.170733</a>
A comparative analysis of the bulimics' and non-bulimics' perception of their family environment, 1990
No full textThe purpose of this study was to compare the bulimics' and non-bulimics' perception of their family environment in terms of cohesion and adaptability. A quasi-experimental design, using bulimics in an eating disorder clinic at Decatur Hospital and non-bulimics attending Clark Atlanta University School of Social Work. The data were collected by completion of a self-report scale design to measure the individual's perception of their family environment. The instrument utilized was the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (Faces III), which was designed by Dr. David Olson in 1979. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and are reported in terms of frequency distribution and percentages. The t-test was employed to compare the means of the two groups being bulimic and non-bulimic. The hypotheses proposed that there was no significant difference between the bulimics' and non-bulimics' adaptability and cohesion scores. The t-test analysis for testing the differences between the bulimics and non-bulimics showed for cohesion, mean = 38.3 (non-bul1imic), 24.3 (bulimic), t-value = 5.53, df = 28, p = 0.000, for adaptability, mean = 24.3 (non-bulimic), 21.86 (bulimic), t-value = 1.24, df = 28, p. = 0.226. The level of significance was set at 0.01
Isolation, characterization and expression of calmodulin genes from carrot and Arabidopsis
No full textCalmodulin is a highly conserved calcium-binding protein universally distributed among eukaryotes. Although the role of calmodulin in regulatory pathways in animals is well characterized, information on similar pathways in plants is limited. To better understand the role of calmodulin in plant systems, the structure and expression of calmodulin genes from carrot suspension cells and Arabidopsis was studied.A full-length calmodulin cDNA clone was isolated from a gt10 library and this cDNA was used as a probe to measure steady state calmodulin mRNA levels during the growth cycle of carrot cells. During the exponential phase of culture growth, when mitotic activity and oxidative respiration rates of the culture were maximal, calmodulin mRNA levels were four to five-fold higher than they were during the later stages of culture growth. Net calmodulin polypeptide synthesis paralleled the changes in steady state calmodulin mRNA levels during the growth cycle. Calmodulin polypeptide levels, in contrast, remained constant throughout the growth cycle. The data suggest that the calmodulin polypeptide is turned over more rapidly during periods of high mitotic activity and respiration.A 2.3-kb genomic sequence and its corresponding cDNA of 755 bp, encoding Arabidopsis calmodulin were isolated. These sequences represent a third Arabidopsis calmodulin gene (Acam 3), distinct from the two previously isolated cDNAs Acam 1 and Acam 2 (Ling, V., Perera, I., and Zielinski, R. E., 1991. Plant Physiol. 96, 1196-1202). Genomic Southern blots confirmed the presence of a calmodulin multi-gene family in Arabidopsis. The three cDNAs share 83-87% nucleotide sequence identity within their coding regions. Acam 2 and 3 encode identical calmodulin polypeptides. The relative levels of expression of the three genes varied in different plant organs. Both Acam 1 and 3 mRNAs were two to three-fold more abundant than Acam 2 mRNA in Arabidopsis leaves, flowers and developing siliques. Acam 2 and 3 mRNAs were not expressed at detectable levels in Arabidopsis roots. There were detectable differences in the relative levels of transcription and the kinetics of touch induction of Acam 1, 2, and 3, suggesting that the three genes may serve different functions in the plant.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:12:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5)
9215868.pdf: 5749617 bytes, checksum: f005c93f30ad994b895e7ac0cdc859be (MD5)
Previous issue date: 1992Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding ([email protected]) on 2011-05-07T14:38:07Z
Item is restricted indefinitely.Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:15:50-05:00
Original Data
Group with Access UIUC Users [automated]
Release Date: none
Reason: ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permissionETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permissionU of I Onl
Abul A‘la Mawdudi’s concept of Hakimiyya and its critical assessment in Islamic legal-political thought
No full textThe article analyzes the legal-political aspects of the concept of hakimiyya (“divine
domination”) devised by the Indo-Pakistani theologian Abul A‘la Mawdudi (1903–1979).
The author asserts that the doctrine of hakimiyya is based upon the recognition that Allah
is the sole subject empowered to provide legislation to the Muslim community directly (the
principle of “legal domination”) and indirectly (the principle of “political domination”).The
doctrine of hakimiyya acquires its political shape as the Islamic state (caliphate), wherein the
Islamic community is entrusted with a limited right to legislation by means of agency (wikala).
Special emphasis is laid on examination into the critical appraisal of the hakimiyya doctrinals
in the modern Islamic legal science. The article explores the objections raised against the
hakimiyya theory by the Indo-Pakistani religious scholars, including Abul Hasan Nadwi and
Wahid al-Din Khan, as well as by a number of modern Arabic legal theorists, such as Hasan al-
Hudaybi, Muhammad ‘Imara, Muhammad Sayyid al-‘Ashmawi, Haydar Ibrahim ‘Ali a.o. The
author concludes that the concept of hakimiyya underlies Mawdudi’s doctrine of the sources
of law and serves as the basis for his theory of the Islamic state, as well as for his concept of the
“renewal of faith” through Islamic revolution
The Hawazma Tribe and Sudanese Identity
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the University of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected]• The author of this book has provided a summary of the substantive laws regulating native administration and judicial powers entrusted to tribal leaders. He argued that the main purpose behind the introduction of the 1922 Pastoralists Local Sheikhs Act by the colonial masters is to control the pastoralist’s movements as well as to facilitate the collection of cattle taxes. The author also argued that the Act has recognized tribal customs as a source of legislation. However, the Act was subjected to several amendments. In 1927 it was abolished and replaced by the Powers of Local Sheikhs Act in order to give more powers to local Sheikhs. Under the new Act any tribal leader has statutory powers in his areas of responsibility or ‘tribal jurisdiction’. However, during the Nimeri Regime 1969-1986 native administration was neglected in terms of legal regulations and tribal leaders lost their powers.
• The author has focused on the customs and traditions of the Hawazma tribe, in particular procedures for appointment of tribal leaders such as Nazirs, Omdas and Sheikhs who are normally appointed by the immediate family members. However, during the Incas regime (National Salvation regime) the tribal custom of selecting Nazirs, Omdas or Sheikhs was changed by the regime; the practice now is that any five Omdas in the tribe have the right to remove any Nazir from leading the tribe and appoint a new one. Also, the title of Nazir was even changed and replaced by ‘Amir’. Furthermore, any five Omdas in any tribe may create a new ‘Imara’ after getting approval from the province security committee which has jurisdiction over the tribal area. As a result, the title of the Hawazam Nazir was changed to Hawazma ‘Amir’
Pan Afr Med J
No full textAs of 2010 sub-Saharan Africa had approximately 865 million inhabitants living with numerous public health challenges. Several public health initiatives [e.g., the United States (US) President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief and the US President's Malaria Initiative] have been very successful at reducing mortality from priority diseases. A competently trained public health workforce that can operate multi-disease surveillance and response systems is necessary to build upon and sustain these successes and to address other public health problems. Sub-Saharan Africa appears to have weathered the recent global economic downturn remarkably well and its increasing middle class may soon demand stronger public health systems to protect communities. The Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) program of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has been the backbone of public health surveillance and response in the US during its 60 years of existence. EIS has been adapted internationally to create the Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) in several countries. In the 1990s CDC and the Rockefeller Foundation collaborated with the Uganda and Zimbabwe ministries of health and local universities to create 2-year Public Health Schools Without Walls (PHSWOWs) which were based on the FETP model. In 2004 the FETP model was further adapted to create the Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (FELTP) in Kenya to conduct joint competency-based training for field epidemiologists and public health laboratory scientists providing a master's degree to participants upon completion. The FELTP model has been implemented in several additional countries in sub-Saharan Africa. By the end of 2010 these 10 FELTPs and two PHSWOWs covered 613 million of the 865 million people in sub-Saharan Africa and had enrolled 743 public health professionals. We describe the process that we used to develop 10 FELTPs covering 15 countries in sub-Saharan Africa from 2004 to 2010 as a strategy to develop a locally trained public health workforce that can operate multi-disease surveillance and response systems.22187606PMC322407
Apontamentos sobre as práticas de leitura: do “Livro de areia” à “sopa de letras luminosas”
No full textThe transformations in the media of writing resulted in changes in practices, habits and conceptions of reading. The article discusses the path of these movements of writing and reading, aiming to think how the Internet and the hypertext lead to other changes whose main factors were the utilization of auditory and visual resources and of hypertextuality, whose results would be the blurring of distinctions as author-reader-editor, the evanescence of the work done and the multiplicity of resources of perception that are demanded.O artigo discute os movimentos de escrita e de leitura. Reflete sobre as mudanças decorrentes da internet e da hipermídia, cujos fatores principais seriam o concurso de recursos auditivos, visuais e a hipertextualidade e cujo resultado seria o borramento entre autor-leitor-editor, a evanescência da obra e a multiplicidade de sentidos envolvidos. PALAVRAS CHAVE: Práticas de leitura. Tecnologias de escrita e leitura. Literacia digital.El artículo analiza los movimientos de la escritura y de la lectura; reflexiona sobre los cambios derivados de la Internet y de la hipermedia, cuyos factores principales fueron la utilización simultanea de los recursos auditivos y visuales y la hipertextualidad, cuyos resultados fueron el borrado de la distinción entre autor-lector-editor, la naturaleza evanescente de los trabajos, y la multiplicidad de recursos de percepción que han sido requeridos
An Investigation of Bat Mortality in British Columbia, Canada
No full textIdentifying causes of wildlife mortality can yield an understanding of the factors that impact wildlife health. This is particularly significant for species that are facing population declines because this information can inform conservation and management practices. We evaluated causes of mortality for bats in British Columbia submitted to the provincial veterinary laboratory between 2015 and 2020, and assessed whether cause of death varied by species and/or was associated with bat characteristics (e.g., sex and body condition). Of the 275 bats included in this study, the most frequent cause of death was cat depredation (24%), followed by blunt force trauma (23%). Bats that died by cat depredation tended to be in good body condition as compared to those that died from other causes, and male bats were more likely to die from blunt force trauma compared with females. Emaciation was also an important cause of mortality (21%) and 8% of bats died due to rabies, with the greatest rabies prevalence in Eptesicus fuscus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1796). Our results demonstrate the potential burden of cat depredation on healthy bats and highlight the need for strategies to decrease cat depredation to support healthy bat populations.The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the pdf file of the accepted manuscript may differ slightly from what is displayed on the item page. The information in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript reflects the original submission by the author
Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programs in sub-Saharan Africa from 2004 to 2010: need, the process and prospects
No full texthealth workforce that can operate multi-disease surveillance and response systems
