507 research outputs found
A Literary Critic of Socialization on Gender Stereotype in Three Children’s Books by Meja Mwangi
No full textThe study sought to critically analyze how gender stereotype has been portrayed in Meja Mwangi children’s books; Little White Man, The Boy Gift and Striving for the Wind. Children’s literature has focused on children’s social and moral development in the children’s books. However, the issue of gender stereotype is present in many children’s books. This is likely to affect children’s social life from the way they view children’s books with gender stereotype. Objectives of this study analyzed how gender roles, character’s personalities and socialization portray gender stereotype in children’s books. The study analyzed children’s books, specifically for ages 10 and 14. The study hoped to create awareness of how children get exposed to gender stereotype in children’s books. In addition, the study anticipated in drawing the attention of the parents, to gender stereotyped children’s books. This research study is therefore a useful material for reference to other researchers and readers. The study was guided by Lawrence Kohlberg's Cognitive Development Theory: The concept of Gender Constancy. The study was conducted through qualitative research design. The three story books were selected from the target population using purposive sampling technique. Then researcher used content analysis, as a method of qualitative analysis in order to analyze the selected sample. From research findings, gender stereotype is evident in the children’s books by Meja Mwangi. The author portrays roles according to the genders. There are those roles that are only meant for male characters and female characters. The personality traits that are portrayed for the women and girls are weak and they depend on the male characters. While the men do not depend on the women and instead, they are brave and tough. The society highly regards the male characters as opposed to the female characters. From the conclusions made from the analysis of the research data, there are situations where the author challenges gender stereotype. In a particular illustration, the female character is portrayed having strong and courageous personalities. Also, the male character is portrayed performing chores associated with the women. However, much needs to be done, in curbing gender stereotype in children’s books. Both genders should be portrayed with equal roles, having some personalities. Social set-up should accommodate both female and male characters, in order to avoid gender stereotype portrayed in children’s books. In conclusion, the study suggested recommendations to parents and teachers in using gender neutral children’s books, which promote gender equality among girls and boys. Hence, the study provided sufficient and effective information in order to improve the quality of children’s books and a positive impact in children’s social life and moral development.
Keywords: Gender Stereotype, Children's Literature, Socialization, Literary Criticism, Meja Mwang
Collective action and property rights for poverty reduction: A review of methods and approaches
No full text"While much attention has been given to examining various aspects of poverty, a number of studies have shown that institutional environment in which the poor exist conditions welfare outcomes, thus highlighting the inherently crucial importance of institutions for poverty reduction. The institutions of property rights and collective action are among those identified as playing a major role in the livelihood strategies of the poor. This paper highlights ways to operationalize the conceptual framework developed by Di Gregorio and colleagues (2008), which provides an analytical tool to study poverty through the institutional lens with a special focus on collective action and property rights. By emphasizing the multidimensionality of poverty, the authors advocate the importance of applying various approaches and tools to conceptualizing and measuring it. They also emphasize the crucial role that institutions of collective action and property rights play in poverty reduction and sketch out theoretical nuances and methods of examining such institutions. In addition, power relations and political context are seen to be of outmost importance in poverty-related studies; the authors provide suggestions on how to understand and operationalize various dimensions of power and institutional environment in research. Outcomes are approached from the evaluative standpoint, which moves beyond straightforward empirical measurement of certain indicators to a comprehensive analysis that would involve a range of methods and approaches to both the definition and measurement of criteria that affect the complex reality of the poor." authors' abstractCollective action, Property rights, Poverty reduction, evaluation, Vulnerability, Power, Institutions, Wellbeing,
Maximizing the impact of print media in church development in the Presbyterian Church of East Africa (P.C.E.A.) (Kenya), 1997
No full textAccording to the report of the Communications Committee of the Presbyterian Church of East Africa (P.C.E.A.) to the 15th General Assembly, the church is aware of the immensity of information, education and revelation that can be shared and disseminated through the print media in the church. 1 However, to effectively disseminate the Gospel through the print media requires some creativity and administrative initiatives in the national office and particularly in the division of Communications and Publishing. As an initiative proposal, this dissertation examines how the P.C.E.A. has used print media from the missionary period (early 1900) to the mid-1990s, and offers proposals for maximizing print media impact in church development and social transformation. This dissertation is the final stage and result of a Doctor of Ministry project study and research conducted in Kenya and the United States between 1993 and 1997. Four parts comprised of eight chapters compose the dissertation. Part I is the ministry setting, containing chapters One and Two. Chapter One is a brief description of the nation of Kenya in terms of geography, history and politics. It is the wider context of this project. Chapter Two introduces the Presbyterian Church of East Africa as the central setting of the project. The history, the organizational structure and theological stance of this church are here discussed. Part II is the main body of the dissertation. It is the ministry issue, and it is divided into Chapters Three and Four. Chapter Three contains the history of print media in the P.C.E.A., with some remarks on the early beginnings of print media in Europe. Chapter Four is a brief examination of biblical and theological basis for print media use. Part III is the project, containing Chapters Five and Six. Chapter Five includes a review of six key texts which have been helpful in this research. The texts are: Keeping Your Church Informed by Austin Brodie; 2 Let the People Know: A Media Handbook for Churches by Charles Austin; 3Communications Media in the Nigerian Church Today by Boniface Ntomchukwu; 4 How to Publicize Church Activities by William J. Barrows, Jr.; 5 Communication for Development by Karl Lundstrom; 6 and Hope for Africa by G. Kinoti. 7 This chapter also includes questionnaire responses from a cross section of participants in Kenya and America, including the P.C.E.A. ministers living in Atlanta at the time, and members of the International Class of First Presbyterian Church-Atlanta. Chapter Six includes interviews, briefs from some P.C.E.A. leaders, and workshop proceedings from the P.C.E.A. Nkoroi and Chuka churches and from First Presbyterian Church-Atlanta. Part IV is the project evaluation. This final part contains Chapters Seven and Eight. Chapter Seven discusses recommendations for possible implementation of the proposals or suggestions made in the dissertation. These primarily relate to finance, training and structural innovations and changes. Chapter Eight is the conclusion, restating the purpose of the project. It emphasizes questions of faith and the sense of urgency in doing whatever it takes to maximize the impact of print media in the P.C.E.A. for God's glory and the blessing of the church
Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies on Rhus natalensis
No full textMagister Scientiae - MScExtracts from the root bark, stem bark, and leaves of R. natalensis were screened for antibacterial activity against standard bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureas, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aureginosa, and fungi; Candida albicans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes or Microsporum gyseum. Chromatographic techniques were utilized to isolate pure compounds. This study validates and documents, in a systematic way, the antimicrobial properties of the R. natalensis used for many years by many people of the world. It also provides valuable information for further phytochemical isolation and characterization studies of active compounds, necessary for the development of new drugs. The extractions were carried out using broad spectrum of solvents (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol). Fractionation was done using standard chromatographic techniques. A total of seven (7) compounds were isolated from R. natalensis. Three of the isolates were characterized and their structures were unambiguously established by detailed spectroscopic analysis that involved high resolution mass spectrometry, 1D and 2D-NMR spectral data experiments 1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, HMBC, and NOESY. These compounds are: 3-(1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,3-bis(4- hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-7-methoxy- 4H-chromone-4-one (39), Rhuschromone, a novel compound isolated for the first time, 2’,4’-dihydroxychalcone-(4-O-5’’’)-4’’,2’’’,4’’’- trihydroxychalcone (40) and 3-((Z)-heptadec-13-enyl) benzene- 1,2-diol (41), an urushiol. Compound 39 recorded the highest activity zone of inhibition (21mm) against S. aureas, which was found to be 50% as active the chloramphenicol standard used. The traditional use of the extracts in infections and inflammatory conditions is rationalized based on the content of theisolated compounds, and it has been proposed that the total crude extract, with its contents of so many bioactive compounds, could be formulated for use in many infections, microbial or fungal. Furthermore, not all of the species studied to date have been fully characterized for potential bioactivities. Thus, there remains a significant research gap spanning the range from lead chemical discovery through process development and optimization in order to better understand the full bioactive potential of many of these plants.South Afric
INTEGRATION OF ROBOTIC ACTIVITIES IN STEM AND ITS EFFECT TO STUDENTS' PERCEPTION OF THE SUBJECTS
No full textAbstract: In most countries, Secondary schools play a great role in preparing students in their future careers. STEM subjects are perceived to be difficult and as such, there has been low interest by the secondary school students in these subjects. This calls for reconsideration of the way teaching is done in the STEM subjects in order to make STEM careers attractive and to retain students in these fields. This study developed robotic activities and integrated them in the STEM subjects and assessed the effects of the activities to the perception and interest in these subjects. The study was conducted in the secondary schools in Murang’a County in Kenya. The target population included 200 students selected through simple random sampling method. The selected students were introduced to robotics activities integrated in Physics and Mathematics topics. Questionnaires were used to collect data and were administered to the students before and after exposure to the robotic activities integrated in the subjects. The quantitative data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. From the findings of this study, the robotic activities had a significant effect on students’ perception of Physics and Mathematics. The study recommends that the government should facilitate the integration of educational robotic activities in the current STEM curriculum in order to improve interest towards the STEM fields.
Keywords: STEM, Careers, Robotic activities, Integration, teaching and learning.
Title: INTEGRATION OF ROBOTIC ACTIVITIES IN STEM AND ITS EFFECT TO STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF THE SUBJECTS
Author: Mwangi Peter Ngugi, Muriithi Christopher Maina, Agufana Peace Byrne
International Journal of Novel Research in Education and Learning
ISSN 2394-9686
Vol. 9, Issue 4, July 2022 - August 2022
Page No: 82-90
Novelty Journals
Website: www.noveltyjournals.com
Published Date: 23-August-2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7016736
Paper Download Link (Source)
https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/INTEGRATION%20OF%20ROBOTIC%20ACTIVITIES-23082022-4.pdfInternational Journal of Novel Research in Education and Learning, ISSN 2394-9686, Novelty Journals, Website: www.noveltyjournals.co
Quality of life and wellbeing among HIV outpatients in East Africa: a multicentre observational study.
No full textBACKGROUND: Global health investment has reduced HIV mortality and transmission. However, little is known of patient-reported outcomes alongside ART rollout. This study aimed to measure wellbeing using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS) among outpatients at PEPFAR-funded facilities. METHODS: In a multicentre 2 country cross-sectional study, adults attending 12 facilities in Kenya and Uganda gave self-reported data on quality of life (physical and mental wellbeing dimensions), functional and a measure of multidimensional problems (physical, psychological, social and spiritual). RESULTS: Among the 1,337 participants, multidimensional problems were more common in psychological, spiritual and social domains than in physical. In multivariable analysis using GEE to adjust for facility effect, the mental health subscale of quality of life was lower for people with limited functional status (B = -5.27, 95% CI -5.99, 1. -4.56 p < 0.001) and higher for wealthier people (B = 0.91, 95% CI 0.48, 1.33, p < 0.001). The physical health subscale of quality of life was lower for those with limited functional status (B = -8.58, 95% CI -9.46 to -7.70, p < 0.001) and those who had a caregiver present (B = -1.97, 95% CI -3.72 to -0.23, p = 0.027), higher for wealthier people (B = 1.14, 95% CI 0.65, 1.64, p < 0.001), and positively associated with CD4 count (B = 1.61, 95% CI 1.08-2.14, p < 0.001). Multidimensional problems were more burdensome for people with limited functional status (B = -2.06, 95% CI -2.46 to -1.66, p < 0.001), and less burdensome with more education (B = 0.63, 95% CI 0.25-1.00, p = 0.001) or ART use (B = 0.94, 95% CI 0.34-1.53, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Multidimensional problems are highly prevalent, and worse with declining function. Importantly, ART use does not appear to be protective for self-reported physical and mental dimensions of quality of life. Assessment and management of self-reported wellbeing must form part of HIV care and treatment services to ensure maximum benefit from ART investment
Exploring the graduate school experiences of African immigrant-origin students at historically white institutions in the United States
No full textDriven by exponential growth in migration from Africa, Black immigrants and their U.S.-born offspring comprise roughly one in five or 21% of the entire Black population in the U.S. (Tamir & Anderson, 2022). This population growth has led to increased enrollment in higher education and furthered the diversity of Black students on U.S. college campuses (Massey et al., 2007). Although a growing population, the existing literature on the higher education experiences of Black African immigrants is limited (George Mwangi & English, 2017; George Mwangi & Fries-Britt, 2015). In this growing field of study, few have solely focused on the graduate school experiences of this population (George Mwangi & English, 2017). This qualitative study addressed this gap by examining the graduate school experiences of African immigrant-origin students at historically white institutions (HWIs) in the New York metro area. Guided by intersectionality as a theoretical perspective, phenomenology as a strategy of inquiry and Culturally Engaging Campus Environments (Museus, 2014) as a theoretical framework, this study explored the critical experiences of African immigrant-origin students in graduate school. Data from semi-structured interviews with ten graduate school alums highlights seven essential experiences African immigrants navigate at HWIs and how their intersecting identities and institutional environments coalesced to inform those experiences. The seven themes are: (a) navigating challenges, (b) finding and creating support communities, (c) experiences with faculty and staff, (d) evolving identities, (e) racialized experiences within HWIs, (f) academic experiences, and (g) parental influence. This study offers important implications and recommendations for higher education research, practice, and policy to better support African immigrant-origin students in U.S. higher education.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical reference
An investigation of the effects of a ritual counseling process on the enhancement of the self-estem of a selected group of male maasai adolescents in Kenya, 1997
No full textThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ritual counseling process on the enhancement of self-esteem. The subjects consisted of a select group of Maasai adolescent males. The range of their chronological ages was 16 -18 years. The forty male Maasai adolescents were selected randomly. A pre- posttest research design was used. The Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale was administered before the ritual counseling process was begun. These results were used as the baseline data. The study found that all the t-tests produced statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-ritualized test scores. The conclusion, drawn from these findings, seems to warrant that; the ritual counseling process contributed to the reduction of the subjects' negative feelings of self-worth, and contributed to the positive change in the subjects' feelings of self-worth
Influence of Finance Digitization on Revenue Collection in Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya
No full textAbstract: Counties in Kenya have adequate revenue based in financing their current services, but the collection levels are often low. Thus the counties are striving to re–engineer strategies towards improvement of revenue collections since it is their mandate to offer quality and timely service delivery to the residents and they cannot proceed well without enough finances to run crucial activities. The study therefore seeks to investigate the influence of finance digitization on revenue collection in Trans-Nzoia County. The specific objective was to find out how electronic invoicing influence revenue collection process in Trans-Nzoia County. The research methodology included descriptive research design with target population of 195 respondents comprising management and directors of revenue staffs, revenue collecting and reporting staffs. Proportional stratified random sampling technique was used to obtain a sample size of 100 respondents from the target population. Open and closed ended questionnaires was used and lastly the data collected was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively and presented in form of tables, pie charts and bar graphs using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The study concluded that the adoption of electric invoicing by county governments not only improves revenue collection but also accurate and timely tax compliance facilitates revenue collection process in the revenue department. The study recommended that revenue collection officers should adopt electronic invoicing as it as accrued benefits in the revenue collection processes especially it helps improve accuracy and timely tax compliance. To the government and policy makers, this study recommends that training should be offered to county revenue officers on the importance of financial digitization and its contribution to enhancing revenue collection. The government agencies in charge of all revenue collection should also organize seminars for training on critical financial software skills and make it a perquisite for all revenue departments.
Keywords: Electronic Invoicing, Revenue Collection.
Title: Influence of Finance Digitization on Revenue Collection in Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya
Author: Nalwelisie Cyrilla Chikombe, Dr. Joseph Gichure Mwangi
International Journal of Recent Research in Commerce Economics and Management (IJRRCEM)
ISSN 2349-7807
Vol. 9, Issue 4, October 2022 - December 2022
Page No: 60-68
Paper Publications
Website: www.paperpublications.org
Published Date: 19-October-2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7225557
Paper Download Link (Source)
https://www.paperpublications.org/upload/book/Influence%20of%20Finance%20Digitization-19102022-8.pdfInternational Journal of Recent Research in Commerce Economics and Management (IJRRCEM), ISSN 2349-7807, Paper Publications, Website: www.paperpublications.or
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