15 research outputs found
Endangered Oarisma poweshiek butterfly larval foraging and adult habitat interactions in Manitoba, Canada
No full textThis research was conducted on Treaty 1 territory, the ancestral home of Anishinaabe, Cree and Métis peoples and current home of diverse First Nations, Métis, Inuit and other Indigenous cultures. Thanks for your contributions to steward the ecosystem and creating the opportunity to research this wildlife! Thank you to members of the Manitoba Tall Grass Prairie Preserve Management Committee, for developing permits to conduct research.The Poweshiek skipperling (Oarisma poweshiek) is endemic to the tall grass prairie in North America, and is now critically endangered globally. Existing populations are scattered amongst tall grass prairie remnants. However, the host food plants eaten by Poweshiek skipperling larvae, the vegetative and microclimatic descriptions of immature and adult microhabitats as well as O. poweshiek behaviour in Manitoba are unknown. I observed the foraging behaviour of larval O. poweshiek in natural habitat to determine the plant species that they consume and document their development. I also followed adults in prairie patches to identify locations in which various activities, such as egg laying or nectar feeding, were facilitated by the habitat. I measured vegetative, structural and microclimatic attributes of microhabitats to determine potential characteristics which facilitate various adult activities and larval development. Larvae appeared to navigate microhabitats to locate host food plant species, alternating between shoots of various species throughout their development. Adults flew almost exclusively in the prairie plant community, rarely flew in shrub or ephemeral wetland communities and were never observed flying in wetland or forest communities. Adult activities appeared to be distributed along a soil moisture gradient, with egg laying associated with the mesic section of the moisture gradient, resting and/or basking associated with the drier section and nectar feeding generally associated with sections throughout the moisture gradient. My research contributes knowledge about larval O. poweshiek foraging and adult habitat interactions in prairies in Manitoba, Canada. Discoveries from my research may guide habitat stewardship to ensure that high quality habitat is available for every life stage and inform reintroduction activities to ensure potential release locations contain required habitat features. Novel descriptions of locations which facilitate larval development and various adult activities may inform provincial and federal recovery strategies to increase the chances of O. poweshiek’s survival. My findings may also initiate further research about the Poweshiek skippering and possibly guide the strategies to recover other Lepidopterans-at-risk. Now with a greater understanding of larval foraging and adult interactions, we may hopefully generate potential causes which explain O. poweshiek’s decline and identify possible solutions to facilitate its successful recovery!Canadian Wildlife Service (Environment and Climate Change Canada); Nature Conservancy of Canada; University of Winnipeg; Wildlife, Fisheries and Resource Enforcement Branch (Government of Manitoba)Master of Science in Bioscience, Technology and Public Polic
Adult activities of endangered Oarisma poweshiek butterflies are associated with a soil moisture gradient in tall grass prairie in Manitoba, Canada
No full textAccepted version of manuscriptEndangered in Canada and the United States, the Poweshiek skipperling’s (Oarisma poweshiek (Parker) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)) recovery likely depends on understanding more about its ecology. The characteristics of locations which facilitate various adult activities, such as oviposition and resting, in Manitoba tall grass prairie are unknown. We followed adults in prairie patches to identify locations associated with various behaviours, and subsequently measure vegetative, structural and microclimatic attributes at these microhabitats. Adult skipperlings were observed 34 times resulting in 24 flight tracks and 56 point interactions being recorded. Skipperlings flew almost exclusively in the prairie plant community, with few flights into wetter communities and none in forests. Tracks tended to be tortuous, typical of occupancy in higher-quality habitats. Adult activities appeared to be distributed along a soil moisture gradient: oviposition was associated with the relatively mesic section, resting and/or basking with the drier section, and nectar feeding generally associated with sections throughout the gradient. Adults nectared from a mixture of species during the flight period, consuming nectar from Rudbeckia hirta Linnaeus (Asteraceae) most often. We report previously unknown aspects of O. poweshiek’s ecology. Implications for conservation: Our findings describe how adult skipperlings might use sections of prairie with different soil moistures to lay eggs, rest, bask and consume nectar. We visualise approaches to ensure all sections are disturbed during stewardship activities and evaluate the degree to which all facilitative soil moistures are present in candidate (re)introduction sites, for the successful recovery of O. poweshiek."We appreciate the financial support from Canadian Wildlife Service (facilitated by MC); Nature Conservancy
of Canada; University of Winnipeg; and Wildlife, Fisheries and Resource Enforcement Branch (WW; Government of Manitoba)."https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10841-023-00502-
Endangered Oarisma poweshiek larvae vary their graminoid forage in Manitoba, Canada
No full textThe Poweshiek skipperling (Oarisma poweshiek) is endemic to the tall grass prairie in North America and is now critically endangered globally. Existing populations are scattered among tall grass prairie remnants. However, the host food plants eaten by Poweshiek skipperling larvae, the vegetative and microclimatic descriptions of immature and adult microhabitats, and O. poweshiek behaviour in Manitoba are unknown. We followed Poweshiek skipperling adults in their natural habitat to locate microhabitats where eggs were laid and to observe larval foraging behaviour and development. We measured vegetative, structural, and microclimatic characteristics of microhabitats used by immatures and documented the host species larvae consumed, their general behaviour (on plants; movement within microhabitats), and their developmental schedules. Larvae ate Andropogon gerardi, Muhlenbergia richardsonis, Sporobolus heterolepis, and Schizachyrium scoparium (all Poaceae) in natural tall grass prairie. Larvae appeared to navigate microhabitats to locate host food plants, alternating between shoots of various species throughout their development. Microhabitats seemed to be more open, with drier microclimates, than areas where eggs were not laid. This improved understanding of larval feeding patterns, adult behaviours, and microhabitat attributes may help local grassland stewards and researchers reduce the list of possible causes of decline and identify potential solutions to recover the Poweshiek skipperling."Financial support was provided by the Canadian Wildlife Service (facilitated by M.C.), the Nature Conservancy of Canada, the University of Winnipeg, and Wildlife, Fisheries and Resource Enforcement Branch, Government of Manitoba (W.W.) and is much appreciated."https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/9A3C308673F7CC950FE5875879253A66/S0008347X22000347a.pdf
An assessment of prairie management practices for maintaining habitat quality for the endangered Poweshiek skipperling butterfly in Canada
No full textThe Poweshiek skipperling (Oarisma poweshiek) was once a common prairie butterfly in central North America, but is now critically endangered in Canada and the United States. The Poweshiek skipperling is confined to the largest remaining tall grass prairie in Canada, which is currently managed using grazing and fire to maintain prairie habitat and prevent forest and shrub encroachment. To support re-introduction, restocking, and recovery of this critically endangered species, it is necessary to understand the habitat conditions preferred by skipperlings. By surveying prairie sites with Poweshiek skipperling across age and treatment categories (1–2 y since burn, 4–6 y since burn, .15 y since burn, and grazing), we identified commonly-used nectar plants and recorded physical variables known to influence plant diversity. We measured soil variables, including macronutrients, compaction, pH, texture, and moisture content, and used multivariate statistics to test for significant differences in site characteristics and plant community across treatments. For each site, we captured plant diversity, abundance, and cover, as well as total plant biomass. We found the oldest burn sites had the fewest skipperlings. Intermediate burn sites and lightly grazed sites contained the most skipperlings. In 95% of nectaring observations, adult skipperlings were feeding on Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta), upland white aster (Solidago ptarmicoides), and Self-heal (Prunella vulgaris). Characteristics in the physical components of sites and plant communities did not significantly differ across treatment types for most variables with the exception of the oldest burns, which showed significantly higher levels of soil compaction, live biomass, bare ground, less flowering species during the flight period, less flowering stems, and increased presence of nonnative and invasive species. Poweshiek skipperling is at high risk of imminent extirpation, and we recommend that the management regimes be adjusted to plan for a consistent supply of habitat conditions and plant species composition exemplified by our intermediate burn sites. We suggest fire return intervals of 4–6 y using patch burns in combination with grazing, permitted at times that minimize the impact on immature stages of Poweshiek skipperling. This management is needed to provide suitable habitat conditions to maintain the current population and allow for successful restocking and recovery."This work was supported by research funding from Nature Conservancy of Canada, Manitoba Conservation Data Center and the University of Winnipeg."https://bioone.org/journals/the-american-midland-naturalist/volume-188/issue-1/0003-0031-188.1.74/An-Assessment-of-Prairie-Management-Practices-for-Maintaining-Habitat-Quality/10.1674/0003-0031-188.1.74.shor
Egg Laying Behaviour and Larval Shelter-Construction Patterns of the endangered Mottled Duskywing (Erynnis martialis) in Canada
No full textThe Mottled duskywing (Erynnis martialis) butterfly is endangered, living in pine forests and oak barrens in Canada and the eastern United States of America. While host plants and larval behaviour is documented in Mottled duskywing’s eastern range, these life components are poorly known in Manitoba. We observed adult behaviour, host plant species used and larval foraging to better understand these biological aspects of E. martialis. We observed eggs laid exclusively on Ceanothus herbaceus, and larvae consuming C. herbaceus in leaf shelters near the periphery of plants. Early instar larvae tied leaves together with cells of silk creating partly open shelters while later instar larvae completely sealed shelters. Shelters constructed out of young leaves at the edge of plants are likely easier to digest. Later-instar larvae may nocturnally harvest food to consume in shelters during the day to reduce predation risk. Larvae were found in clearings adjacent to Pinus banksiana dominated forests, with these openings likely providing suitable microhabitats for egg development and larval feeding. We observed newly emerged adults during weeks 1 to 5 of the flight period; eggs, larvae and adults overlapped. We recommend direct observations of larval foraging—during the day and night, as well as transitions into and out of diapause—to more accurately describe their behaviour and physiology. We started to characterise microhabitats, however further research is needed. Our research may help to guide critical habitat designations, leading to successful Mottled duskywing recovery in Manitoba."Funding was provided by the Canadian Wildlife Service (Environment and Climate Change Canada, Government of Canada) and an Alliance Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. JH thanks the support for publication fees by the University of Winnipeg Graduate Student Travel / Publication Grant."https://bioone.org/journals/the-journal-of-the-lepidopterists-society/volume-76/issue-1/lepi.76i1.a6/Egg-Laying-Behaviour-and-Larval-Shelter-Construction-Patterns-of-the/10.18473/lepi.76i1.a6.shor
Legal interpreters in the news in Ireland
No full textThis article consists of a review of court reports from national and provincial newspapers in Ireland from 2003 to 1st August 2010. The reports provide an insight into the attitudes of judges, lawyers and police officers to defendants who are not proficient in English. The issue of defendants’ proficiency in English is a recurrent one. Coverage suggests that interpreters are not always provided in police stations or in the courts and that some judges continue to allow friends and family members to act as interpreters. Meanwhile, some solicitors consistently request interpreters for their clients. Other salient issues are cost, interpreter competency and interpreter ethics
Beyond the Barstool: an Ethnography of The Woodland Inn / Uncle Joe’s Woodpile
No full textItems without attached files are embargoed at the request of the author. To view the items in person please contact Goucher College Special Collections & Archives at [email protected] or (410) 337-6075 to obtainIn Beyond the Barstool, author Sarah Umstot simultaneously investigated and promoted sustainability through the utilization of skills in the areas of documentation, interviewing, participant observation fieldwork, primary source research, and partnership development to produce an ethnography based on Uncle Joe’s Woodpile, formerly the Woodland Inn, located in Short Gap, West Virginia. Her primary goal was to document and archive the memories and rich oral history that support this communal cultural landmark to inspire action that contributed to the continued cultural vitality and sustainability of the area. The Woodpile has helped shape family traditions, reinforce beloved musical preferences specific to the area, promote bonds between families and friends, bridge the gap between the young and the old, and foster a broadened sense of community among local residents. Specifically, she documented and compiled a series of interviews from past and present patrons, owners, lessees, and employees of The Woodpile. Photographic documentation accompanied each interview. The resulting data and materials culminated into an ethnography – literally, a graphing or describing of the people – of the Woodpile community. These interviews accompany photographs and historical documentation of relevance to the conversation or stories represented. The research presented here is complementary to the archival inventory of artifacts and historical documentation that Ms. Lara Justis has completed on a subject related to Uncle Joe’s Woodpile
Traduire le monument d’un historien de l’art refoulé. Le Velazquez (1888) de Carl Justi et les réticences de l’histoire de l’art
No full textL’article envisage la manière dont le Diego Velazquez und sein Jahrhundert (1888) de Carl Justi fut traduit et reçu dans les mondes anglophone, francophone et hispanophone, la disparité des traductions expliquant en partie celle des réceptions. Si la traduction anglaise, presque immédiate et supervisée par l’auteur, assura à Justi une réputation solide, le livre ne connut en revanche pas de traduction française et fut l’objet d’une animosité croissante en France, en particulier à partir de la fin de la Première Guerre mondiale. En Espagne, enfin, un premier projet de traduction échoua au début des années 1890, et ce n’est qu’en 1906-1908 que la traduction par José Ovejero vit le jour dans la revue La España moderna, sans toutefois atteindre le format livre – ce qui compromit encore la réception de l’œuvre de Justi, qui ne fut publiée en Espagne qu’en 1953, et qui ne vit jamais le jour en France.The article considers how Carl Justi’s Diego Velazquez und sein Jahrhundert (1888) was translated and received in the English-, French-, and Spanish-speaking worlds, the disparity in its translation partly explaining that of its receptions. Although the English translation, almost immediate and reviewed by the author, assured Justi a solid reputation, the book did not have a French translation and was the object of increasing animosity in France, especially after the end of the First World War. In Spain, a first translation project failed in the early 1890s, and it was not until 1906-1908 that a translation by José Ovejero was published in the journal La España moderna, without reaching book format though. That further compromised the reception of Justi’s work, which was not published in Spain until 1953, and never in France.Der Artikel untersucht, wie Carl Justis Diego Velazquez und sein Jahrhundert (1888) in der englischen, französischen und spanischsprachigen Welt übersetzt und rezipiert wurde, wobei die Unterschiede in der Übersetzung teilweise die der Rezeptionen erklären. Obwohl die englische, fast unmittelbare und vom Autor überprüfte Übersetzung Justi einen soliden Ruf sicherte, wurde das Buch nicht ins Französische übersetzt und war Gegenstand zunehmender Feindseligkeit in Frankreich, insbesondere nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg. In Spanien scheiterte ein erstes Übersetzungsprojekt Anfang der 1890er Jahre, und erst 1906-1908 wurde eine Übersetzung von José Ovejero in der Zeitschrift La España moderna veröffentlicht, erreichte jedoch kein Buchformat: Dies beeinträchtigte weiterhin die Rezeption von Justis Werk, das letztlich erst 1953 in Buchform in Spanien veröffentlicht wurde und in Frankreich nie herauskam
History of the town of Newport
No full textA two-page typewritten history of the town of Newport. The first page starts in 1638 with the landing of the Swedes, followed by a brief statement on the 1655 Dutch control of the area, and then one on the 1664 English control. There are two sentences about the Natives who lived in the area beforehand, called the Minquas Tribe. The next section of the paper follows the land ownership by Conrad Constantine, Henry Parker, and John Justis. Justis set up the town between Wilmington and the Christina Bridge on Kings Highway, called Maryland Avenue, at the time of this history's publication. Mills and piers were built along the riverside. The next paragraph informs the reader that 1735 was when Newport was officially founded with fifteen to twenty houses. Newport and Wilmington had developed a rivalry. Newport developed into a first-class shipping port, with forty-ton packets taking on cargo from Newport during their trips from Christina to Philadelphia. Newport warehouses "bulged" with grain from Pennsylvania farms. The paper says that the Conestoga wagon trains of twenty to thirty wagons were a familiar sight starting in 1760, as Newport was twenty miles closer to the upper countries than it was to Philadelphia and Wilmington. It appeared that Newport would win against Wilmington, thanks to the rapid growth of the city and the establishment of taverns, shops, churches, and schools. The paper says Newport peaked in 1800 as the trail the Conestoga wagon trains took, now known as the Newport-Gap Pike, frequently flooded. The history continues on the second page, with the author writing that the DuPont Company planted a large portion of the swamp in willow trees in 1802 and would cut the branches and haul them to the powder mill for transformation into charcoal. Several of the DuPont boats carried powder from Newport for export. The author wrote that in 1808, the Newport and Gap Turnpike Co. was founded in response to the need for a good road between Pennsylvania and Delaware. The company, headquartered in Newport, raised $70,000 with a lottery to build the road. Despite the anticipated windfall of the toll road's completion in 1817, the paper says the new highway was Newport's demise. The Lancaster-Wilmington Turnpike, built as a connecting road to the Newport-Gap Turnpike, directed more traffic to Wilmington. Wilmington dredged its river and was able to receive ocean-going vessels, causing Newport's shipping industry to fade. The paper then details the bridge's construction in 1813 and Newport's transformation into a farm community. A large glue factory was operated in Newport, and Oliver Evans was born there. The paper ends by noting that a marker commemorates Evans and his work as the first engineer to prove the possibilities of steam engines
History of the town of Newport
No full textA two-page typewritten history of the town of Newport. The first page starts in 1638 with the landing of the Swedes, followed by a brief statement on the 1655 Dutch control of the area, and then one on the 1664 English control. There are two sentences about the Natives who lived in the area beforehand, called the Minquas Tribe. The next section of the paper follows the land ownership by Conrad Constantine, Henry Parker, and John Justis. Justis set up the town between Wilmington and the Christina Bridge on Kings Highway, called Maryland Avenue, at the time of this history's publication. Mills and piers were built along the riverside. The next paragraph informs the reader that 1735 was when Newport was officially founded with fifteen to twenty houses. Newport and Wilmington had developed a rivalry. Newport developed into a first-class shipping port, with forty-ton packets taking on cargo from Newport during their trips from Christina to Philadelphia. Newport warehouses "bulged" with grain from Pennsylvania farms. The paper says that the Conestoga wagon trains of twenty to thirty wagons were a familiar sight starting in 1760, as Newport was twenty miles closer to the upper countries than it was to Philadelphia and Wilmington. It appeared that Newport would win against Wilmington, thanks to the rapid growth of the city and the establishment of taverns, shops, churches, and schools. The paper says Newport peaked in 1800 as the trail the Conestoga wagon trains took, now known as the Newport-Gap Pike, frequently flooded. The history continues on the second page, with the author writing that the DuPont Company planted a large portion of the swamp in willow trees in 1802 and would cut the branches and haul them to the powder mill for transformation into charcoal. Several of the DuPont boats carried powder from Newport for export. The author wrote that in 1808, the Newport and Gap Turnpike Co. was founded in response to the need for a good road between Pennsylvania and Delaware. The company, headquartered in Newport, raised $70,000 with a lottery to build the road. Despite the anticipated windfall of the toll road's completion in 1817, the paper says the new highway was Newport's demise. The Lancaster-Wilmington Turnpike, built as a connecting road to the Newport-Gap Turnpike, directed more traffic to Wilmington. Wilmington dredged its river and was able to receive ocean-going vessels, causing Newport's shipping industry to fade. The paper then details the bridge's construction in 1813 and Newport's transformation into a farm community. A large glue factory was operated in Newport, and Oliver Evans was born there. The paper ends by noting that a marker commemorates Evans and his work as the first engineer to prove the possibilities of steam engines
