44 research outputs found
Value of epithelioid morphology and PDGFRA immunostaining pattern for prediction of PDGFRA mutated genotype in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs)
No full textAims: Genotyping is a prerequisite for tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in high risk and malignant GIST. About 10% of GISTs are wild-type for KIT but carry PDGFRA mutations. Applying the traditional approach, mutation analysis of these cases is associated with higher costs if all hotspots regions in KIT (exon 9, 11, 13, 17) are performed at first. Our aim was to evaluate the predictive value of a combined histomorphological-immunohistochemical pattern analysis of PDGFRA-mutated GISTs to efficiently direct KIT and PDGFRA mutation analysis. Methods: The histomorphology and PDGFRA immunostaining pattern was studied in a test cohort of 26 PDGFRA mutants. This was then validated on a cohort of 94 surgically resected GISTs with mutations in KIT (n=72), PDGFRA (n=15) or with wild-type status (n=7) on a tissue microarray. The histological subtype (spindled, epithelioid, mixed), PDGFRA staining pattern (paranuclear dot-like/Golgi, cytoplasmic and/or membranous), and extent of staining were determined without knowledge of the genotype. The combination of histomorphology and immunophenotype were used to classify tumors either as PDGFRA- or non-PDGFRA phenotype. Results: PDGFRA-mutated GISTs were significantly more often epithelioid (p<0.001) and had a higher PDGFRA expression, compared to KIT-mutants (p<0.001). Paranuclear PDGFRA immunostaining was almost exclusively observed in PDGFRA mutants (p<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of this combined histological-immunohistochemical approach to predict the PDGFRA-genotype was 100% and 99%, respectively (p=6x10(-16)). Conclusion: A combination of histomorphology and PDGFRA immunostaining is a reliable predictor of PDGFRA genotype in GIST. This approach allows direct selection of the "gene/exons of relevance" to be analyzed and may help to reduce costs and work load and shorten processing time of GIST genotyping by mutation analysis
Value of epithelioid morphology and PDGFRA immunostaining pattern for prediction of PDGFRA mutated genotype in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs)
No full textAims: Genotyping is a prerequisite for tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in high risk and malignant GIST. About 10% of GISTs are wild-type for KIT but carry PDGFRA mutations. Applying the traditional approach, mutation analysis of these cases is associated with higher costs if all hotspots regions in KIT (exon 9, 11, 13, 17) are performed at first. Our aim was to evaluate the predictive value of a combined histomorphological-immunohistochemical pattern analysis of PDGFRA-mutated GISTs to efficiently direct KIT and PDGFRA mutation analysis. Methods: The histomorphology and PDGFRA immunostaining pattern was studied in a test cohort of 26 PDGFRA mutants. This was then validated on a cohort of 94 surgically resected GISTs with mutations in KIT (n=72), PDGFRA (n=15) or with wild-type status (n=7) on a tissue microarray. The histological subtype (spindled, epithelioid, mixed), PDGFRA staining pattern (paranuclear dot-like/Golgi, cytoplasmic and/or membranous), and extent of staining were determined without knowledge of the genotype. The combination of histomorphology and immunophenotype were used to classify tumors either as PDGFRA- or non-PDGFRA phenotype. Results: PDGFRA-mutated GISTs were significantly more often epithelioid (p<0.001) and had a higher PDGFRA expression, compared to KIT-mutants (p<0.001). Paranuclear PDGFRA immunostaining was almost exclusively observed in PDGFRA mutants (p<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of this combined histological-immunohistochemical approach to predict the PDGFRA-genotype was 100% and 99%, respectively (p=6x10(-16)). Conclusion: A combination of histomorphology and PDGFRA immunostaining is a reliable predictor of PDGFRA genotype in GIST. This approach allows direct selection of the "gene/exons of relevance" to be analyzed and may help to reduce costs and work load and shorten processing time of GIST genotyping by mutation analysis
Inactivating Mutations of RB1 and TP53 Correlate With Sarcomatous Histomorphology and Metastasis/Recurrence in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
No full textTowards a Cross-linguistic Analysis of Perception of Tone in Academic Reading Materials
No full text1 Introduction:
Language learning at best is an arduous process. Coupled with trying to achieve success in academic areas, the task at times might seem insurmountable. Well aware that students might need some relief from the constant onslaught of information, textbook writers at times insert some degree of light heartedness to keep the reader engaged. The concern this study addresses is the problem of language students’ not recognizing tone that might be interpreted as something other than serious in academic reading materials in the English language,and whether or not linguistic group could offer any insight. Effective intercultural communication in a global context has now become imperative as the number of students studying in English internationally has become significant.
2 The problem:
As many academic instructors can attest, the ability to identify tone in textbook reading often goes undetected by many English Second Language students, thereby reducing the students’ understanding that not all of their educational experience is dull and dry.
Language instructors are often perplexed by students’ inability to identify humour as a tone in some reading assignments. Many academic writers
do inject a little lightheartedness here and there in order to make their writing a little less dull and hopefully to foster an interest in whatever information it is they are trying to transmit. When students are asked to read a passage or essay and then to identify any parts that seemed humorous - or less than serious-the task is not always possible for everyone. Even when the vocabulary and syntax are relatively simple, the ability to recognize the correct tone is still elusive. Perhaps the problem sometimes rests in such culturally contrasting senses of humour that it is impossible for some students to perceive the language as humorous or entertaining. Sometimes, because of pre-existing cultural schema, humour in a textbook would be completely unexpected. Although a student may still understand the information, not recognizing the author’s effort makes the reading experience just a little bit less enjoyable and the reader perhaps a little less engaged than might be possible.
Research abounds on many aspects of cross linguistic differences in humour, particularly joke telling (Attardo, 1994). Ample research also exists on how language learning can be facilitated by the incorporation of humour (Bell, 2009). However, there seems to be little information specific to cross linguistic differences regarding tone recognition in academic materials.
3 The study:
This paper presents an overview of an empirical study done at a Canadian university examining responses from approximately 400 first year university students from 14 different linguistic groups as related to perceived differences of humorous tone in academic textbooks from a range
of subject areas. The questionnaire used for the study is a hand built corpus of actual passages taken from first year academic textbooks, first piloted on faculty to assure the humour value. The study then analyses the results for specific areas of difference while applying theories of formulaic language to account for some of the problematic items. This study provides some empirical evidence that when learners are not yet highly familiar with the usual contextualized phrases of a language, it is difficult to sense when register variations for the purpose of humour or some other engaging-type language have occurred. This paper proposes the need for much larger collections of humour derived from textbooks. A sizeable natural databank could help teachers give students the skills to better appreciate textbook authors’ intentions. This research is in further development to a paper published in Language and Humour in the Media, Cambridge Scholars, 2012, which applied sociolinguistic schema theory to a prior smaller sampling that addressed both literary and non-literary texts.Teaching and Language Corpora Conference. Lancaster, University, UK. 201
The expression of hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen CD34 is regulated by DNA methylation in a site‐dependent manner in gastrointestinal stromal tumours
No full textMolecular analysis of BRAF V600E mutation in multiple nodules of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis
No full textPolymorphisms in methionine synthase (A2756G) and cystathionine β-synthase (844ins68) and susceptibility to carcinomas of the upper gastrointestinal tract
No full textHugo Grotius' Classical Conception of Justice
No full textDegree awarded: Ph.D. Politics. The Catholic University of AmericaHugo Grotius is increasingly portrayed as an early modern natural rights theorist. Such readings often reduce his concept of justice to the negation of offences against private property rights, and frame his politics in legal terms. Grotius indeed has a category of "expletive" (or "strict") justice, understood in terms of universal laws, which provides an individual with the necessary possession or liberty. However, the exercise of this status must then be governed by his under-explored category of "attributive" (or "wider") justice, which alone, through the exercise of political virtue, can promote positive (and public) goods. This dual framework is evident in three important aspects of Grotius' thought: political authority, criminal punishment, and Atonement theology. In the first, there is no strict obligation to enter civil society, as the natural laws and rights of expletive justice can already be enforced in extra-political society. However, attributive justice encourages entry into political society, because it allows for public governance in the particular situations where expletive justice, owing to its impersonal universality, must be silent. Likewise, the right to punish crime is not a claim on a tangible good, but a difficult responsibility. Its exercise thus requires attributive justice, whose personal, forward-looking, action-oriented character will reveal the particular punishment that best promotes the public purposes of punishment: the common good. Grotius' use of a criminal law paradigm (rather than a private law framework) is also evident in his creative understanding of how Christ's death atones for human wrongdoing. Grotius portrays God as moral governor of the universe, rather than judge or economic creditor. God then exercises (political) prudence and love in relaxing his 'expletive' right to condemn humanity, out of considerations of a higher good. This dual framework of expletive and attributive justice allows Grotius to build on the traditional understanding of commutative and distributive justice, by allowing a place for a law-based (expletive) ethics within a wider (attributive) virtue-based ethics. Thus, he shows how a robust conception of individual rights need not sever the link relating those rights to higher goods both in the political realm and beyond it.Made available in DSpace on 2012-06-01T16:44:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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EBV-Infection in Cardiac and Non-Cardiac Gastric Adenocarcinomas is Associated with Promoter Methylation of p16, p14 and APC, but not hMLH1
No full textBackground: Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric carcinomas (GC) constitute a distinct clinicopathological entity of gastric cancer. In order to determine underlying distinct aberrant promoter methylation we tested cardiac and non-cardiac GC with regard to the presence of EBV
EBV-infection in cardiac and non-cardiac gastric adenocarcinomas is associated with promoter methylation of p16, p14 and APC, but not hMLH1
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