50 research outputs found
Diamond NV colour centre spin resonance magnetometers: from fundamentals to advanced operation principles
No full textThe first part of the thesis - chapter 1 presents to the reader an introduction into
the rich application potential of NV centres and contextualize their benefits. The
chapter 1 also summarizes the framework of the thesis, and it spells out the
specific aims of the thesis.
Chapter 2 provides a comprehensive description of the NV centre energy
structure, as well as the principles of detection of magnetic resonance in
diamond, utilizing both optical and photoelectric readout methods. The
background knowledge, presented in Chapter 2, gives insights into more
advanced approaches such as Continuous Wave (CW) vector magnetic field
measurements and pulsed quantum protocols. Furthermore, it summarizes the
magnetic field sensitivities of above-mentioned methods. Chapter 2 also briefly
covers the material aspects of diamond and the NV centre engineering and
explains lithography techniques needed for fabrication of diamond devices
including readout electrodes and microwave antennas.
Chapter 3 covers the experimental setup construction used for the ODMR and
PDMR measurements. Also, the diamond device fabrication, entailing lithography
patterning steps on diamond is described here. It provides a summary of the
samples used within this work, as well as the methodology of lithography
processes and device fabrication by using both optical lithography and e-beam
lithography. Finally, it covers the laboratory measurement setups, their layout
and key components, as well as a short description of the software and system
automation.
Next chapters ranging from chapter 4 up to chapter 7 are peer reviewed papers
to which the author significantly contributed as main author or co-author.
Chapter 4 covers the MW triggering detection method that has been developed
and that is utilizing the lock-in readout. This methodology was developed within
this thesis and was successfully patented [29] and published [3]. The benefit of
this method for PDMR is an extraction of the effective portion of the NV electron
spin signal, affected by the microwave field magnetic resonance driving, and
which has a positive effect on the SNR of the signal.
Chapter 5 covers the PDMR magnetic field detection sensitivity optimization and
improvements by utilizing the yellow-green excitation and readout laser.
Chapter 6 expands the PDMR application potential by exploiting the possibility of
a microwave free readout method based on Ground State Level AntiCrossing
(GSLAC) [30]. Chapter 7 covers the single pixel diamond magnetometer device
developed within the student project OSCAR-QUBE, for the ISS onboard mission.
And finally, Chapter 8 is the conclusion of the work done within this thesis and its future outlooks.Het eerste deel van het proefschrift - hoofdstuk 1 - geeft de lezer een inleiding in het rijke toepassingspotentieel van NV-centra en contextualiseert hun voordelen. Hoofdstuk 1 vat ook het kader van het proefschrift samen en
beschrijft de specifieke doelstellingen van het proefschrift.
Hoofdstuk 2 geeft een uitgebreide beschrijving van de energiestructuur van NVcentra, alsmede de beginselen van de detectie van magnetische resonantie in
diamant, waarbij gebruik wordt gemaakt van zowel optische als foto-elektrische
uitleesmethoden. De achtergrondkennis, gepresenteerd in hoofdstuk 2, geeft
inzicht in meer geavanceerde benaderingen zoals Continuous Wave (CW) vector
magnetische veldmetingen en gepulseerde kwantumprotocollen. Voorts wordt
een overzicht gegeven van de magneetveldgevoeligheid van bovengenoemde
methoden. Hoofdstuk 2 behandelt ook kort de materiële aspecten van diamant
en de NV-centrumtechniek en legt de lithografietechnieken uit die nodig zijn
voor de fabricage van diamantapparaten, waaronder uitleeselektroden en
microgolfantennes.
Hoofdstuk 3 behandelt de experimentele opbouw van de ODMR- en PDMRmetingen. Ook de fabricage van diamantapparaten, waarbij lithografische patronen op diamant worden gemaakt, wordt hier beschreven. Het geeft een
overzicht van de in dit werk gebruikte monsters, evenals de methodologie van
de lithografieprocessen en de fabricage van het apparaat met behulp van zowel
optische lithografie als e-beam-lithografie. Ten slotte worden de
meetopstellingen in het laboratorium, de lay-out en de belangrijkste onderdelen
ervan behandeld, evenals een korte beschrijving van de software en de
systeemautomatisering.
De volgende hoofdstukken, van hoofdstuk 4 tot en met hoofdstuk 7, zijn peer
reviewed artikelen waaraan de auteur als hoofdauteur of co-auteur een
belangrijke bijdrage heeft geleverd. Hoofdstuk 4 behandelt de ontwikkelde MWtriggerdetectiemethode die gebruik maakt van de lock-in uitlezing. Deze
methode is binnen dit proefschrift ontwikkeld en met succes gepatenteerd [29]
en gepubliceerd [3]. Het voordeel van deze methode voor PDMR is een extractie
van het effectieve deel van het NV elektronenspinsignaal, dat wordt beïnvloed
door de magnetische resonantiesturing met microgolfveld, en dat een positief
effect heeft op de SNR van het signaal.
Hoofdstuk 5 behandelt de optimalisering van de gevoeligheid van de PDMRmagneetvelddetectie en verbeteringen door gebruik te maken van de geelgroene
excitatie- en uitleeslaser. Hoofdstuk 6 breidt het toepassingspotentieel van
PDMR uit door gebruik te maken van de mogelijkheid van een microgolfvrije
uitleesmethode op basis van Ground State Level AntiCrossing (GSLAC) [30].
Hoofdstuk 7 behandelt de diamantmagnetometer met één pixel, ontwikkeld
binnen het studentenproject OSCAR-QUBE, voor de ISS-boordmissie.
Hoofdstuk 8 tenslotte is de conclusie van het werk dat binnen dit proefschrift is
verricht en de toekomstperspectieven
Diamond NV colour centre spin resonance magnetometers: from fundamentals to advanced operation principles
No full textThe first part of the thesis - chapter 1 presents to the reader an introduction into
the rich application potential of NV centres and contextualize their benefits. The
chapter 1 also summarizes the framework of the thesis, and it spells out the
specific aims of the thesis.
Chapter 2 provides a comprehensive description of the NV centre energy
structure, as well as the principles of detection of magnetic resonance in
diamond, utilizing both optical and photoelectric readout methods. The
background knowledge, presented in Chapter 2, gives insights into more
advanced approaches such as Continuous Wave (CW) vector magnetic field
measurements and pulsed quantum protocols. Furthermore, it summarizes the
magnetic field sensitivities of above-mentioned methods. Chapter 2 also briefly
covers the material aspects of diamond and the NV centre engineering and
explains lithography techniques needed for fabrication of diamond devices
including readout electrodes and microwave antennas.
Chapter 3 covers the experimental setup construction used for the ODMR and
PDMR measurements. Also, the diamond device fabrication, entailing lithography
patterning steps on diamond is described here. It provides a summary of the
samples used within this work, as well as the methodology of lithography
processes and device fabrication by using both optical lithography and e-beam
lithography. Finally, it covers the laboratory measurement setups, their layout
and key components, as well as a short description of the software and system
automation.
Next chapters ranging from chapter 4 up to chapter 7 are peer reviewed papers
to which the author significantly contributed as main author or co-author.
Chapter 4 covers the MW triggering detection method that has been developed
and that is utilizing the lock-in readout. This methodology was developed within
this thesis and was successfully patented [29] and published [3]. The benefit of
this method for PDMR is an extraction of the effective portion of the NV electron
spin signal, affected by the microwave field magnetic resonance driving, and
which has a positive effect on the SNR of the signal.
Chapter 5 covers the PDMR magnetic field detection sensitivity optimization and
improvements by utilizing the yellow-green excitation and readout laser.
Chapter 6 expands the PDMR application potential by exploiting the possibility of
a microwave free readout method based on Ground State Level AntiCrossing
(GSLAC) [30]. Chapter 7 covers the single pixel diamond magnetometer device
developed within the student project OSCAR-QUBE, for the ISS onboard mission.
And finally, Chapter 8 is the conclusion of the work done within this thesis and its future outlooks.Het eerste deel van het proefschrift - hoofdstuk 1 - geeft de lezer een inleiding in het rijke toepassingspotentieel van NV-centra en contextualiseert hun voordelen. Hoofdstuk 1 vat ook het kader van het proefschrift samen en
beschrijft de specifieke doelstellingen van het proefschrift.
Hoofdstuk 2 geeft een uitgebreide beschrijving van de energiestructuur van NVcentra, alsmede de beginselen van de detectie van magnetische resonantie in
diamant, waarbij gebruik wordt gemaakt van zowel optische als foto-elektrische
uitleesmethoden. De achtergrondkennis, gepresenteerd in hoofdstuk 2, geeft
inzicht in meer geavanceerde benaderingen zoals Continuous Wave (CW) vector
magnetische veldmetingen en gepulseerde kwantumprotocollen. Voorts wordt
een overzicht gegeven van de magneetveldgevoeligheid van bovengenoemde
methoden. Hoofdstuk 2 behandelt ook kort de materiële aspecten van diamant
en de NV-centrumtechniek en legt de lithografietechnieken uit die nodig zijn
voor de fabricage van diamantapparaten, waaronder uitleeselektroden en
microgolfantennes.
Hoofdstuk 3 behandelt de experimentele opbouw van de ODMR- en PDMRmetingen. Ook de fabricage van diamantapparaten, waarbij lithografische patronen op diamant worden gemaakt, wordt hier beschreven. Het geeft een
overzicht van de in dit werk gebruikte monsters, evenals de methodologie van
de lithografieprocessen en de fabricage van het apparaat met behulp van zowel
optische lithografie als e-beam-lithografie. Ten slotte worden de
meetopstellingen in het laboratorium, de lay-out en de belangrijkste onderdelen
ervan behandeld, evenals een korte beschrijving van de software en de
systeemautomatisering.
De volgende hoofdstukken, van hoofdstuk 4 tot en met hoofdstuk 7, zijn peer
reviewed artikelen waaraan de auteur als hoofdauteur of co-auteur een
belangrijke bijdrage heeft geleverd. Hoofdstuk 4 behandelt de ontwikkelde MWtriggerdetectiemethode die gebruik maakt van de lock-in uitlezing. Deze
methode is binnen dit proefschrift ontwikkeld en met succes gepatenteerd [29]
en gepubliceerd [3]. Het voordeel van deze methode voor PDMR is een extractie
van het effectieve deel van het NV elektronenspinsignaal, dat wordt beïnvloed
door de magnetische resonantiesturing met microgolfveld, en dat een positief
effect heeft op de SNR van het signaal.
Hoofdstuk 5 behandelt de optimalisering van de gevoeligheid van de PDMRmagneetvelddetectie en verbeteringen door gebruik te maken van de geelgroene
excitatie- en uitleeslaser. Hoofdstuk 6 breidt het toepassingspotentieel van
PDMR uit door gebruik te maken van de mogelijkheid van een microgolfvrije
uitleesmethode op basis van Ground State Level AntiCrossing (GSLAC) [30].
Hoofdstuk 7 behandelt de diamantmagnetometer met één pixel, ontwikkeld
binnen het studentenproject OSCAR-QUBE, voor de ISS-boordmissie.
Hoofdstuk 8 tenslotte is de conclusie van het werk dat binnen dit proefschrift is
verricht en de toekomstperspectieven
Episode 144, Segment 2 - Author of the book, Advancing the Ball: Race, Reformation, and the Quest for Equal Coaching Opportunity in the NFL, Jeremi Duru stops by to talk about the Rooney Rule
No full textBOOM! It\u27s Super Bowl weekend and we have a super show for you this week. Laron Profit and Patrick Hruby join us as guest co-hosts as we preview the big game. Jeremi Duru swings by to talk about the Rooney Rule in the NFL and 4-time Super Bowl champ Bill Romanowski gives us a live report on the happenings in Dallas
SYNTHESIS OF MONOMERS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL POLYMERS by
No full textRights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author
Daring to learn: a study on grandes écoles de commerce Françaises
No full textThe Grandes Écoles de Commerce Françaises (GECF) have had their number of students steadily increase in the past three decades, faster than any other type of Grande École. Their rise in popularity is straightforward, once considered the positive advantages associated with a degree from one of those prestigious business schools. However, those advantages, especially the earnings premium, are not evenly distributed among GECF. The ones at the top (of which the most recognizable group is Les Trois Parisiennes, namely HEC Paris, ESSEC, and ESCP Europe) are disproportionately impacted in that regard. Two theories on returns of higher education compete to provide an explanation. Human Capital Theory states that higher ranked GECF are able to give a better education (in the broad sense, i.e. including but not restricted to coursework) to their students, which makes them more productive workers, and ultimately improves their prospects on the job market. On the other hand, Signalling Theory of Education supports the view that better schools are able to attract and select better students, therefore signalling their higher productivity to potential recruiters. The purpose of this study is to make sense of the opinion of French recruiters on the question. The goal is to understand how they fit in the Human Capital – Signalling framework, and which criteria they attribute more importance to. Although they hadn’t always thought of it in such formal terms, the opposition was understood by recruiters. On average, the preference for students from Les Trois Parisiennes was better explained by the selectiveness of the entrance exam; hence some evidence for the Signalling Theory of Education in that context.As Grandes Écoles de Commerce Françaises (GECF) têm tido o seu número de estudantes a aumentar constantemente nas últimas três décadas, mais rapidamente do que qualquer outro tipo de Grande École. Esse aumento de popularidade é fácil de entender, uma vez consideradas as vantagens positivas associadas a um diploma de uma dessas prestigiadas escolas de gestão. No entanto, essas vantagens, especialmente os prêmios de renda, não são distribuídas uniformemente entre as GECF. As mais reputadas (das quais o grupo mais reconhecível é Les Trois Parisiennes, nomeadamente HEC Paris, ESSEC, e ESCP Europe) são desproporcionadamente afectadas nesse respeito. Duas teorias sobre o retorno do ensino superior competem para fornecer uma explicação. A Teoria do Capital Humano afirma que uma GECF de nível superior é capaz de dar uma melhor educação (no sentido lato, i.e. incluindo mas não se limitando ao curso) aos seus estudantes, o que os torna trabalhadores mais produtivos, e por consequência melhora as perspectivas deles no mercado do trabalho. Por outro lado, A Teoria da Sinalização apoia a opinião que melhores escolas são capazes de atrair e seleccionar melhores alunos, sinalizando assim uma maior produtividade a potenciais recrutadores. O objectivo deste estudo é dar sentido à opinião dos recrutadores franceses sobre esta questão, perceber como se enquadram no contexto do modelo de Capital Humano – Sinalização, e a que critérios atribuem mais importância. Embora nem sempre tivessem pensado na questão em termos tão formais, a oposição foi percebida pelos recrutadores. Em média, a preferência pelos estudantes de Les Trois Parisiennes foi melhor explicada pela selectividade do exame de admissão; daí algumas provas en favor da Teoria da Sinalização neste contexto
MULTIVALENT INTERACTIONS BASED ON SUPRAMOLECULAR SELF- ASSEMBLY AND PEPTIDE-LABELED QUANTUM DOTS FOR IMAGING GPCRS
No full textRights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author
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Investigation of the Melanocortin Receptor Biased Signaling and the Peptide Drug Design for Melanocortin and Opioid Receptor Systems
No full textMelanocortin receptors are important GPCRs controlling different biological functions. As cell membrane integrated receptors, melanocortin receptors have complicated 7-transmembrane domains and delicate internal structures. As membrane protein, melanocortin receptors are highly mobile and their conformations are subjected to change upon ligands binding and induction. The phenomenon of GPCRs’ potential to have different states/conformations is the functional basis of multiple signaling pathways. Ligand types determines the GPCR conformations when they bind and GPCR conformations determine which signaling protein can be recruited, further determining which pathway to initiate. This is the simple accepted mechanism of GPCR biased signaling. In the previous decades, we achieved tremendous milestones in making ligands receptor selective, for example, making MC1R selective agonists, making MC4R selective agonists and so on. However, the receptor subtype selectivity does not mean the ligand is necessary to inflict a single biological signaling outcome: The ligand can be a balanced ligand on this GPCR subtype and activate multiple pathways that this receptor controls. In this respect, making the GPCR ligand go biased signaling is important for the ligand’s anticipated drug effect and for the avoidance of side effects as well. In this dissertation, the author Zekun Liu first uses melanocortin receptor 4(MC4R) as an example to elucidate the mechanism of biased signaling and its influence in MCR peptide drug development. Meanwhile, to test the hypothesis of the relation between receptor structure and function, plasmon waveguide resonance (PWR) research was done. Apart from the biased signaling study, this dissertation also involves the peptide drug development for MC4R and MC5R in introduction of halogenation, beta homo amino acids and N-methylations. Besides the traditional single MCR ligand design, there is also the development of novel conjugation of MC1R agonist and melanoma killing drug as a novel macromolecule to target and kill melanoma. And the thinking of pharmacophore conjugation is also applied to opioid receptor research where Mu and Delta opioid receptors can form a dimer and control specific feedback regulation.
In conclusion, this dissertation describes GPCR biased signaling (using MC4R as an example), a couple cases of MCR drug developments, opioid drug developments and DM1 drug development, with the application of multiple scientific approaches including molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, solid phase peptide synthesis, PWR, NMR, radiation based cAMP and binding assay for GPCR signaling, and so on. Hopefully, the thinking of the author can produce some inspiration for future peptide research
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Five Years in Theoretical and Computational Chemistry: From H3+ to DNA
No full textThe research described in this dissertation concerns two fields of theoretical chemistry: Part I concerns applications of Density Functional Theory, and part II high accuracy calculations within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation using explicitly correlated Gaussian functions.In the first part, after a brief introduction to Density Functional Theory and Hartree Fock methods, the candidate's research in Density Functional Theory is described in two chapters. One treats the charge transport in B-DNA, specifically (GC) oligomers solvated by water. The second chapter treats the charge transfer between the Lithium atom and Fullerene-C in the endohedral complex Li@C. In both applications Density Functional Theory was the central quantum mechanical technique that allowed the approaching of such large molecular systems.In the second part of this dissertation, the candidate's development of a FORTRAN code using explicitly correlated Gaussian functions within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation is presented.Every item of the author's research during his graduate studies has been published in co-authorship with the author's scientific advisor and other collaborators in peer-reviewed journals. A total of 8 scientific articles and one letter have been published by the author while at The University of Arizona
