1,721,170 research outputs found
Ernest Hemingway's description of the mountaintop in "The snows of Kilimanjaro" and climate change research
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Professori Matti Sauramo Äänislinnassa. Abstract: Professor Matti Sauramo in Äänislinna, East Karelia
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Distant impact: tropical volcanic eruptions and climate-driven agricultural crises in seventeenth-century Ostrobothnia, Finland
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Crop Yield Responses to Temperature Fluctuations in 19th Century Finland: Provincial Variation in Relation to Climate and Tree Rings
Full text linkPast agricultural responses to climate variability can helps us to better understand the current and future impacts of climate change on agricultural production. We studied rye (Secale cereale) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) yield responses to temperature fluctuations in Finland during the period 1861–1913. Our analyses demonstrate the high sensitivity of non-industrialised northern agriculture to temperature anomalies. We found evidence of a strong relationship between monthly and seasonal mean temperatures and crop yields. In particular, high spring temperatures were associated with higher yields. Additionally, we tested temperature-sensitive tree-ring series for their value in indicating previous agricultural outputs. The results imply that tree-ring proxies (in particular, maximum latewood density) can provide novel material for studies of historical periods and locations where
instrumentally measured climate and harvest data are not available
Holoseenin ajanlasku kvartäärigeologi Cesare Emilianin tapaan
No full textCesare Emiliani (1922–1995) was a micropalaeontologist and Quaternary geologist who introduced isotopic stratigraphy to deep-sea studies and opened the way to quantitative studies of the history of climate and the ice ages. However, beyond these contributions, he was a renaissance scientist, familiar with classical languages, versed in history, with interests in tectonics, evolution, extinction and human impact on our planet, to name a few. A quarter century ago, Emiliani (1993, 1994) proposed a calendar reform that was supposed to renew our way to count years. This calendar has its starting point at the beginning of the Holocene and as a result has no obvious religious connotation. In particular, the new timeline (also known as the ‘Holocene calendar’ or ‘Human Era calendar’) was expected to benefit from simplifications concerning the BC/AD boundary. That is, the lack of year zero in our current calendar,which needs to be taken into account every time the time intervals are calculated over the boundary (for example, the distance between 1.5 BC and AD 1.5 equals only one year, not three years). Moreover, the numbers increase in opposite directions over the BC/AD boundary, whereas the time flows in the same direction. In Emiliani’s calendar reform the year 10,000 BC was set to 1. As a result, the years 1 BC and AD 1 would then become the years 10,000 and 10,001, respectively. Accordingly, we would today live the year 12,019. Interestingly, the reform results in a timeline that mimics the geochronology recovered from proglacial varve records from southern Finland, as it was originally set by Sauramo (1918, 1920). This varve record was based on a timeline where the zero year of the chronology was set to the varve expected to have been deposited at the end of the second Salpausselkä phase i.e. the base of the Holocene. Despite the obvious advantages, the calendar reform was also criticized by contemporaries, including geoscientists. More generally, Emiliani’s suggestion illustrates the difficulties inherent in trying to juxtapose the human calendar with the geological time.201
Frost rings as time markers in Northern Hemisphere tree-ring chronologies, with special reference to the 1627 BC and AD 536 events
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Ilmastonmuutoksen aika
Full text linkIlmastonmuutoksesta on viime vuosien kuluessa kirjoitettu tämän lehden sivuilla useaan otteeseen ja eri näkökulmista. Allekirjoittaneet ovat myös osallistuneet keskusteluun esittämällä ilmastonmuutoksen käsitteen merkityksen muutosta pohtivan artikkelin. Taannoisessa kirjoituksessa käsiteltiin mm. havaintovälineiden ja kellon tuloa osaksi meteorologista havaintojentekoa ja miten ne muuttivat tapaa hahmottaa säässä ja ilmastossa tapahtuvia vaihteluita aikaisempaan verrattuna. Tämä aihepiiri johti pohtimaan laajemmin ajan luonnetta ilmastonmuutoksen yhteydessä. Yllättäen teema osoittautui vähän käsitellyksi ilmastonmuutostutkimuksen piirissä
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