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Predictors of Stunting, Wasting and Underweight among Tanzanian Children Born to HIV-Infected Women.
No full textChildren born to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women are susceptible to undernutrition, but modifiable risk factors and the time course of the development of undernutrition have not been well characterized. The objective of this study was to identify maternal, socioeconomic and child characteristics that are associated with stunting, wasting and underweight among Tanzanian children born to HIV-infected mothers, followed from 6 weeks of age for 24 months. Maternal and socioeconomic characteristics were recorded during pregnancy, data pertaining to the infant's birth were collected immediately after delivery, morbidity histories and anthropometric measurements were performed monthly. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards methods were used to assess the association between potential predictors and the time to first episode of stunting, wasting and underweight. A total of 2387 infants (54.0% male) were enrolled and followed for a median duration of 21.2 months. The respective prevalence of prematurity (<37 weeks) and low birth weight (<2500 g) was 15.2% and 7.0%; 11.3% of infants were HIV-positive at 6 weeks. Median time to first episode of stunting, wasting and underweight was 8.7, 7.2 and 7.0 months, respectively. Low maternal education, few household possessions, low infant birth weight, child HIV infection and male sex were all independent predictors of stunting, wasting and underweight. In addition, preterm infants were more likely to become wasted and underweight, whereas those with a low Apgar score at birth were more likely to become stunted. Interventions to improve maternal education and nutritional status, reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV, and increase birth weight may lower the risk of undernutrition among children born to HIV-infected women
Developmental trajectories of late preterm infants and predictors of academic performance
No full textBackgroundThe trajectories of late preterm development from infancy to kindergarten reading and math, and predictors of academic resilience and risk are unknown.MethodsSample included 1200 late preterm infants (LPIs) from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort. Objective measurements of development at 9 and 24 months (Bayley-SFR) and reading and math academic achievement at preschool and kindergarten were standardized; trajectories of late preterm development from 9 months to kindergarten reading and math were identified using latent class growth analysis. Multinomial logistic regression [aOR, 95% CI] identified predictors of academic resilience and risk.ResultsFour trajectory groups were observed for reading and three for math. More optimal trajectories (in reading and math) and academic resilience were associated with experiencing sensitive parenting and preschool attendance. Suboptimal (at-risk) trajectories (in reading or math) and an increased odds of academic risk were associated wit
Panel: Civility in the Classroom
No full textContinuing with this week’s theme of “Civility and Its Discontents,” author and attorney Kent M. Weeks, Belmont Faculty, and Belmont students will discuss the challenges, costs, and benefits involved in creating civility in the classroom. How do we define the civil classroom? Does incivility have its place? To what extent does educating people to be civil in an uncivil world help or handicap them
The stability of IQ in people with low intellectual ability: an analysis of the literature
No full textA meta-analysis of the stability of low IQ (IQ 80) was performed on IQ tests that have been
commonly used—tests that were derived by D. Wechsler (1949, 1955, 1974, 1981, 1991, 1997)
and those based on the Binet scales (L. M. Terman, 1960; L. M. Terman & Merrill, 1972). Weighted-
mean stability coefficients of .77 and .78 were found for Verbal IQ (V IQ) and Performance IQ
(P IQ) on the Wechsler tests and .82 for Full-Scale IQ (FS IQ) on both Wechsler and Binet tests,
for a mean test–retest interval of 2.8 years. Although the majority of FS IQs changed by less than
6 points, 14% changed by 10 points or more. The author suggests that the results of IQ assessment
should be treated with more caution than previously thought
Antenatal Screening for Down Syndrome Using Serum Placental Growth Factor with the Combined, Quadruple, Serum Integrated and Integrated Tests
No full textPMCID: PMC3463523This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
The contribution of benthic nutrient regeneration to primary production in a shallow eutrophic estuary, Weeks Bay, Alabama
No full textBenthic oxygen, dinitrogen, and nutrient fluxes (NH₄⁺, NO₃⁻, and PO₄⁻³) were measured monthly during a 1-year period at two locations in Weeks Bay, a shallow (1.4 m) and eutrophic estuary in Alabama. Gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (R), and net ecosystem metabolism were determined from high-frequency dissolved oxygen measurements. Peak water column NO₃⁻ (55 μM) and chlorophyll a (138 μg/l) concentrations were measured during spring and fall, respectively. Sediments were a net source of NH₄⁺
(102 μmol m⁻² h⁻¹) and PO₄⁻³ (0.9 μmol m⁻² h⁻¹) but a sink for NO₃⁻ (−30 μmol m⁻² h⁻¹). Benthic N₂ fluxes indicated net N fixation (12 μmol N m⁻² h⁻¹). Sediment oxygen demand (0.55 g O₂ m⁻² h⁻¹) accounted for <10% of R (7.3 g O₂ m⁻² h⁻¹). Despite high
GPP rates (4.7 g O₂ m⁻² h⁻¹), the estuary was net heterotrophic. Benthic regeneration supplied, on average, 7.5% and 4% of primary productivity N and P demands, respectively. These results contrast with the conventional view that benthic regeneration accounts for a large fraction of phytoplankton nutrient demand in shallow estuaries.Journal Articl
Ulnar collateral ligament injuries of the thumb- An overview of the injury and treatment
No full textThe comparison of McMannis traction and intermittent traction both in conjuction with chiropractic spinal manipulation in the management of chronic mechanical lower back pain
No full textDissertation submitted in compliance with the requirement for a Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, Durban, South Africa, 1996.The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of McMannis traction and Intermittent traction, both m conjunction with chiropractic manipulation in the treatment of chronic i.e. longer than four weeks, mechanical lower back pain. It was hypothesised by the author that McMannis traction would be the traction treatment of choice, as it enables the joints of the lumbar vertebrae to be moved through their normal anatomical range of motion while being traeticned axially. In addition this type of traction is more specific and allows the therapist to determine the amount of traction that is being applied to the patient because it is being applied manually. Intermittent traction on the other hand is a motorised non-specific traction and affects several joints at one time (Saunders 1979).
In Search of Civility
No full textThe concept of civility manages to be both one of timeless antiquity and modern relevance. As far back as the ancient Greeks, the warriors of Homer’s Iliad were passionately focused on their ability to live up to the standards of their society by avoiding “ate”—a word often translated as sin, but more accurately denoting a failure to fulfill one’s moral and social role. Jesus’s Beatitudes focused on behaviors and attitudes that made for a peaceful, harmonious society. The Tao teaches its followers to live peaceful lives that ensure harmonious relationships with nature, with individuals, and with the Cosmos. Cultures from the West, Mid-East and East all echo this refrain: in order to have a functioning human society, members have to share some basic sense of what behavior towards others is acceptable and what is not. Fast forward thousands of years, and note that matters haven’t changed. While conventions have changed along with living conditions and technology, calls for behaviors consistent with a baseline norm of civility still fill the air. Dr. Kent M. Weeks, author of the book In Search of Civility: Confronting Incivility on the College Campus explores the topic of civility and its application to living, learning, and leading in an academic community
[[alternative]]The Effects of 5 Weeks of Inspiratory Muscle Training on the Rowing Performance of Female Athletes.
No full text[[abstract]]The inspiratory-muscle training is a new developed training method and it is beneficial for the respiratory-hindered patients. However, it is rarely used for the athletes to observe the potential to improve the performance. Purpose: This research was to investigate the effects of 5 weeks inspiratory muscle training on the rowing performance of female rowing athletes. Methods: There were 10 female competitive rowing athletes were recruited as the subjects. They were paired and randomly assigned to training group and control group. The training group athletes were trained for 5 weeks, 7 days per week, 2 times each day, 30 breaths each time with breathing mouth pieces (POWERbreathe,UK). After 5 weeks of training, the subjects were cross over and repeated the same process. The 5000 meters rowing trial performance and 6 minutes all-out (on rowing machine) and the rowing perceived scales were assessed before and after 5 weeks of training. The collecting data were analyzed by mixed-ANOVA. Results: 1.The 5000 meters after 5 weeks of inspiratory muscle training was significantly improved from 1319.96 seconds to 1286.01 seconds (p <.05)。2. The 6 min all-out （1513.5 m）after 5 weeks training was significantly better than the previous one (1479.9m) (p <.10)。3. The training subjects had better respiratory feeling during exercise.Conclusion: The Training Effect on Rowing Performance of 5000m and 6 min all-out can be improved with 5 weeks of Inspiratory muscle training.
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