103,276 research outputs found
Gammarus sirvannus Hekmatara, Sari & Heidari Baladehi 2011
No full textGammarus sirvannus Hekmatara, Sari & Heidari Baladehi, 2011 Gammarus sirvannus Hekmatara, Sari & Heidari Baladehi, 2011: 49 –56, Figs. 8–13. Locus typicus. Sirvan River-Paveh branch (N 35 º 0 7 ʹ, E 46 º 15 ʹ), 25 Km west of Paveh city, Kermanshah province, Iran. Material examined. Paratypes, September 2008, leg. M. Hekmatara (ZUTC amph. 2251). Distribution. This species was found only in locus typicus in north-west of the Zagros, in western Iran. Ecological notes. This cold mountainous region lies at an altitude of ca. 700 m asl. Taxonomic remarks. Long setation of antenna 2 makes G. sirvannus resembling a few other species present in the same region. However, in G. komareki, such setae are slightly curled, it has small eyes, lacks the distinctly projecting postero-distal corner lobe in bases of pereopods 6–7, and has few short setae on pereopod 5–7. Elongated eyes and setation of antenna 2 make G. sirvannus similar to G. loeffleri and to G. shirazinus, but the latter differ with highly setose pereopod 3–7. G. parthicus may be obviously told apart from G. sirvannus by the small eyes and lack of distinct projection in postero-distal corner of pereopod 6–7 bases in the former species. In a detailed examination, presence of a single long seta on the first article of mandible palp is a deciding criterion to differentiate G. sirvannus from all the other similar species.Published as part of Zamanpoore, Mehrdad, Grabowski, Michal, Poeckl, Manfred & Schiemer, Friedrich, 2011, Taxonomic review of freshwater Gammarus (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Iran, pp. 1-14 in Zootaxa 3140 on page 11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20563
Preface to 'Advanced neurotechnologies: Translating innovation for health and well-being'
No full textHormone profiles and antioxidant activity of cultivated and wild tomato seedlings under low-temperature stress
No full textLow temperature is a major limiting factor for the growth and reproduction of some plant species, such as tomato. So far, few studies have been conducted on the effects of low temperature, and the mechanisms of plants’ response to this type of stress is not fully clear. In the current study, the effects of low, nonfreezing temperature (10◦ C for three days) on the hormone content, antioxidant activity, and expression patterns of cold-related genes in the leaves of cold-tolerant species (Solanum habrochaites Accession ‘LA1777′ ) and cold-susceptible species (Solanum lycopersicum cultivar ‘Moneymaker’) were investigated. Low temperature increased the abscisic acid (ABA) content in both tomato species, while the content of zeatin-type cytokinins (ZT) increased in the cold-tolerant species. However, the content of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA) reduced in response to low temperature in susceptible species. Accordingly, cytokinin (CK) is identified as an important hormone associated with low-temperature stress in tomato. In addition, our results indicate that the C-repeat/DRE binding factor 1 (CBF1) gene is less induced in response to low temperature in tomato, although transcription of the inducer of CBF expression 1 (ICE1) gene was upregulated under low temperature in both tomato species. It seems that ICE1 may modulate cold-regulated (COR) genes in a CBF-independent way. In addition, in response to low temperature, the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and membrane stability index (MSI) increased in the susceptible species, indicating that low temperature induces oxidative stress. Additionally, we found that glutathione peroxidase is highly involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging induced by low temperature, and antioxidants are more induced in tolerant species. Overall, our results suggest that sub-optimal temperatures promote oxidative stress in tomato and CK is introduced as a factor related to the response to low temperature that requires deeper attention in future breeding programs of tomato
Wearable Electronics for Neurological Applications: A Review of Undergraduate Engineering Programmes
No full textNeuroscientists accept that we are indeed faced with an overwhelming challenge in understanding how the brain works. A better understanding of the brain will ultimately enable us to appreciate how well our students have grasped their learning materials. It will also enable us to diagnose and treat neurological disorders more effectively. Designing and developing the next generation of wearable devices is an important steppingstone towards this endeavor. Consequently, interdisciplinary efforts are required in co-creating educational materials that enable future neuro-engineers to develop these new devices. The aim of this article is to present a review of current undergraduate programmes that deal with this issue. Moreover, we provide recommendations for how new programmes in this field can be organized and delivered to ensure effective benefit for transnational students
Optimizing growth, yield, and water use efficiency of Allium hirtifolium with salicylic acid under water stress condiions
No full textInsights into the SAM synthetase gene family and its roles in tomato seedlings under abiotic stresses and hormone treatments
No full textS-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) is a key enzyme involved in many important biological processes, such as ethylene and polyamine biosynthesis, transmethylation, and transsulfuration. Here, the SAM synthetase (SAMS) gene family was studied in ten different plants (Arabidopsis, tomato, eggplant, sunflower, Medicago truncatula, soybean, rice, barley, Triticum urartu and sorghum) with respect to its physical structure, physicochemical characteristics, and post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications. Additionally, the expression patterns of SAMS genes in tomato were analyzed based on a real-time quantitative PCR assay and an analysis of a public expression dataset. SAMS genes of monocots were more conserved according to the results of a phylogenetic analysis and the prediction of phosphorylation and glycosylation patterns. SAMS genes showed differential expression in response to abiotic stresses and exogenous hormone treatments. Solyc01g101060 was especially expressed in fruit and root tissues, while Solyc09g008280 was expressed in leaves. Additionally, our results revealed that exogenous BR and ABA treatments strongly reduced the expression of tomato SAMS genes. Our research provides new insights and clues about the role of SAMS genes. In particular, these results can inform future functional analyses aimed at revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of SAMS genes in plants
Salicylic acid altered the fatty acids compositions and nutrient status of shallot (Allium hirtifolium) grown under drought stress
No full textIn arid and semi-arid regions, water shortage is a persistent challenge, significantly affecting plant growth and productivity. To mitigate the detrimental effects of drought, the use of plant growth regulators, such as salicylic acid (SA), has proven to be an effective strategy for enhancing plant resilience, as well as improving yield and quality. This study aimed to investigate the impact of SA on the nutrient composition, yield, and overall quality of shallot plants over three cropping seasons (2020, 2021, and 2022) under drought stress conditions. A split-plot design with four replicates was employed, where irrigation levels (0 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 % of the plant's water requirements) were the main factor, and varying concentrations of SA (0, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 mM) were the secondary factor. The results revealed that drought stress increased the concentrations of key micronutrients-iron, copper, sodium, potassium, manganese, and zinc-while reducing magnesium content, ash content, and overall yield. However, the application of SA counteracted these effects by significantly enhancing magnesium content, ash content, and yield in shallot plants. In addition, drought stress increased the levels of palmitic, palmitoleic, and oleic acids while reducing the levels of stearic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. The highest concentrations of linoleic acid (omega 6, 110.1 mg) and linolenic acid (omega 3, 24.242 mg) were recorded under full irrigation and 75 % water requirement treatments, respectively. SA application further enhanced the levels of stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids, improving the overall nutritional quality of shallot plants. In conclusion, the application of optimal concentrations of SA significantly improves the yield, quality, and nutritional value of shallot plants under drought stress, making it a valuable approach for managing water stress in agriculture
Avian Influenza virus serological study among poultry workers in Iran
No full textObjective: Since the mid-1990s, H9N2 subtype influenza A viruses have caused infections in the poultry population
around the globe, including several countries in Asia, Europe, North Africa and America. H9N2 influenza
viruses are currently circulating in the Middle and Far East, as well as in European poultry, and the infection
seems to be endemic in most developing countries.
A significant proportion of recent H9N2 isolates contains the L-226 mutation in their hemagglutinin (HA) receptor-
binding site and shows preferential binding to analogs of receptors with α2,6-linked sialic acid (SA), which
are traits typical of human viruses. Thus, these avian viruses might possess one of the key elements for infection
in humans. The H9N2 virus was isolated for the first time from humans in Hong Kong in 1999 and until now
different human cases of AI H9N2 have been reported in different countries. The wide circulation of H9N2 viruses
throughout Europe and Asia, along with their ability to cause direct infection in mammals and humans, raises
public health concerns about their potential to become candidates for the next influenza pandemic (Li KS et
al.2003) in addition to the H5N1 virus. Since 1998 H9N2 AI has been reported in Iran (Nili H. 2003) and at present
is endemic in the poultry industry; despite the control measures, which include mass vaccination of poultry,
this virus has spread rapidly and is currently circulating in the country (Vasfi Marandi M.2013). This study
was carried out to reveal the potential exposure to H9N2 AI viruses among Iranian poultry workers.
Methods: A total of 200 subjects took part in this study, including 100 poultry workers and 100 healthy residents.
Serum samples were collected and tested for the presence of antibodies against two different H9N2 avian
influenza viruses by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and microneutralization (MN) assays, the analyses were
repeated at least three times. Two Iranian H9N2 strains were isolated in 1998 and 2008, which showed different
phylogenetic and important molecular differences at aa 226 (Q/L) (H3 numbering),
(A/chicken/Iran/12VIR/9630/1998)/Q, (A/chicken/Iran/10VIR/854-5/2008)/L. The viruses were replicated in SPF
chicken eggs and used in the serological study as antigens. In addition, all samples were tested for the presence
of seasonal H3N2, H1N1 2009 pandemic human influenza viruses to verify the presence of cross positivity
with the previously listed influenza viruses.
Results: Serological results showed that 16% of the exposed poultry workers were positive for the
A/chicken/Iran/10VIR/854-5/2008 virus in MN test and 12.33% in HI test using the titer > 40 as positive cut-off
value. Only 2% of the exposed staff was positive for the A/chicken/Iran/12VIR/9630/1998 virus. Seroprevalence
of control subjects for both H9N2 strains was very low in both tests (1-2%).
Conclusion: The results of this study have demonstrated that exposure to avian H9N2 viruses had occurred
among poultry workers in the Shiraz region – Iran, with a higher percentage than that recorded in the control
population of the same geographic area. Continuous surveillance programmes should be implemented to monitor
the presence of avian influenza infections in humans and to evaluate their potential threat to public health
and poultry workers
Salicylic Acid Stimulates Defense Systems in Allium hirtifolium Grown under Water Deficit Stress
No full textNowadays, the use of the growth regulator salicylic acid for improving a plant’s resistance to environmental stresses such as drought is increasing. The present study investigated the effect of salicylic acid on the physiological traits, antioxidant enzymes, yield, and quality of Allium hirtifolium (shallots) under drought conditions for three years (2016–2017, 2017–2018, and 2018–2019). The experiment was conducted as a split-plot based on a randomized complete block design with four repeats. Irrigation as the main factor in four levels of 100% (full irrigation), 75% and 50% of the plant water requirements with non-irrigation (dryland), and salicylic acid as the sub-factor in four levels of 0, 0.75, and 1 mmol, were the studied factors in this research. The combined analysis of three-year data showed that drought reduced leaf relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), chlorophyll content, onion yield, and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, proline content, tang, and allicin of shallots. Shallot spraying with salicylic acid improved leaf RWC, MSI, chlorophyll content, and onion yield. The highest yield of onion (1427 gr m−2 ) belonged to full irrigation and foliar application of 1 mmol salicylic acid. The lowest yield (419.8 gr m−2 ) belonged to plats with non-irrigation and non-application of salicylic acid. By improving the effective physiological traits in resistance to water deficit, salicylic acid adjusted the effects of water deficit on the yield of shallots. Foliar application of 1 mmol salicylic acid in dryland and irrigation of 50% of the plant water requirement increased onion yield by 15.12% and 29.39%, respectively, compared to the control treatment without salicylic acid
Bibliographie Hilarion G. Petzold 1958 – 2009 mit Anhang als Einführung
No full textDieses Archiv enthält die Gesamtbibliographie der Werke des Autors nebst einiger Texte „Über H. G. Petzold“ im Schlussteil der Bibliographie sowie einen Anhang mit einer Einführung in die Architektur des Werkes in seinem wissenslogischen Aufbau als Ausarbeitung seines „Tree of Science Modells“ (2007).This archive contains the complete bibliography of the author and some texts about H. G. Petzold, moreover an epilogue with an introduction to the architecture of the works in its epistemological structure and composition and as an elaborations of Petzold’s „Tree of Science Modell (2007).https://www.fpi-publikation.de/polyloge/01-2009-petzold-h-g-gesamtbibliographie-h-g-petzold-1958-2009-updating-november2009/peerReviewedpublishedVersio
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