386 research outputs found
Essays At The Intersection Of Behavioral Economics And Public Policy
No full textIn political campaigns, candidates often avoid taking positions on issues, instead making vague statements that conceal the policy preferences that would guide them if elected. The explanation for ambiguity proposed in the first chapter is that voters do not understand the informational content of a nonannouncement. If voters are Bayesians, unraveling occurs, with only the most extreme candidates remaining ambiguous. However, if voters under-appreciate the relationship between candidates preferences and their strategies, more moderate candidates may also choose to be vague. The first chapter develops a model of candidate competition in which candidates can choose whether or not to announce their policy preferences to voters and applies Eyster and Rabin's (2005) concept of cursed equilibrium, which allows for varying degrees of understanding of the connection between type and strategy. The second chapter describes and analyzes the results of an experimental test in which subjects in the lab play an election game based on an extension of the model that allows candidates to choose whether or not to make policy commitments. While the majority of subjects make choices that are consistent with the Bayesian model, a substantial fraction shows varying levels of cursedness. The third chapter (joint work with Dan Benjamin, Ori Heffetz, and Miles Kimball) proposes foundations and a methodology for survey-based tracking of well-being. First, we develop a theory in which utility depends on "fun- damental aspects" of well-being, measurable with surveys. Second, drawing from psychologists, philosophers, and economists, we compile a comprehensive list of such aspects. Third, we demonstrate our proposed method for estimating the aspects' relative marginal utilities-a necessary input for constructing an individual-level well-being index-by asking 4,600 US survey respondents to state their preference between pairs of aspect bundles. We estimate high relative marginal utilities not only for happiness and life satisfaction, but also for aspects related to family, health, security, values, and freedoms
Long-term orbital period behaviour of contact binaries V343 Ori and FZ Ori
No full text32nd International Physics Congress of Turkish-Physical-Society (TPS) -- SEP 06-09, 2016 -- Bodrum, TURKEYIn this study, we investigated orbital period variations of two contact binaries V343 Ori and FL Ori based on published minima times. Using the O-C analysis, it was found that both systems indicate orbital period increase. Mass transfer from less massive component to more massive component was used to explain increases in the orbital periods. On the other hand, the secular changes in their periods can be a sign of the thermal relaxation oscillation. In the O-C diagram of FL Ori, periodic variations also exist. Cyclic periodic changes can be explained as being the result of a light travel time effect via a tertiary body around the eclipsing pair. The minimum mass of probable tertiary component around FL Ori was found to be 0.63 M-circle dot. In addition, the cyclic variation may be evidence of magnetic activity of the components, which are late-type stars.Turkish Phys So
Ori Apollinis niliaci Hieroglyphica /
No full textWoodcut t.p. border by Hans Holbein, incorporating his initials at left. Froben's device on last p. (Heitz, P. Basler Büchermarken, 30 [Froben's initials there shown are lacking in present work]). Three initials.Caption title.Mode of access: Internet.Five-line inscription on g4r, signed: Dandeus. The name has been written twice more at the foot of g4r (as Dande), and again on g4v (as Dandes).Last leaf (g4) with colophon bound at beginning of Getty copy.Binding: modern marbled paper. Author, title and date on red leather spine label
Do People Seek to Maximize Happiness? Evidence from New Surveys
No full textAre subjective well-being (SWB) measures a good empirical proxy for utility? We evaluate one necessary assumption: that people’s preferences coincide with what they predict will maximize their SWB. Our method is to present survey respondents with hypothetical scenarios and elicit both choice and predicted SWB rankings of two alternatives. While choice and predicted SWB rankings usually coincide, we find systematic reversals. Furthermore, we identify factors—such as predicted sense of purpose, control over one‘s life, family happiness, and social status—that help explain choice controlling for predicted SWB. We explore how our findings vary with the SWB measure and the choice situation.
Replication data for: A Test of Conspicuous Consumption: Visibility and Income Elasticities
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The discovery of SycO reveals a new function for type three secretion effector chaperones
No full textThe Type Three Secretion (T3S) system is a device used by many Gram-negative pathogens that allows bacteria to deliver effector proteins straight into the eukaryotic cell cytosol. These effectors interfere with various signaling pathways to subvert the host cell functions. The secretion machinery of the T3S system consist of a basal body spanning the bacterial inner and outer membrane followed by a stiff hollow needle outside the bacterium. The fully assembled secretion apparatus constitute a continuous hollow conduit that connects the bacteria to the eukaryotic target cell. After cell contact, virulence proteins -called effectors- are injected directly into the cytosol of the host cell via the T3S apparatus. Several effectors of the T3S system require the assistance of specific cytosolic chaperones to be efficiently exported. There are three classes of T3S chaperones. Effector proteins are assisted by Class I chaperones. Although Class I chaperones are well characterized, their main function is still a matter of controversy. In this thesis, we demonstrate that orf155 encodes a specific chaperone for the effector YopO that we called SycO. We showed that SycO enhances YopO secretion in vitro and is required for translocation of YopO into infected cells. By pulldown assay we demonstrated that residues 20 to 77 of YopO are required and sufficient for SycO binding. Using crosslinking experiments and size exclusion chromatography analysis, we determined the stoichiometry of purified SycO and YopO-SycO complexes. SycO alone forms dimers in solution and the YopO-SycO complex has a 1:2 stoichiometry. These results suggested that SycO is a typical chaperone of the Class I. YopO is a serine/theronine kinase that interacts with Rho and Rac and disrupts the cytoskeleton of the target cells. YopO has been shown to localize at the cell plasma-membrane. By transfection of YopO-EGFP hybrid proteins into HEK293T cells, we demonstrated that the chaperone-binding domain (CBD) coincides with the membrane localization domain of YopO. Nevertheless, the CBD was not needed for the kinase activity of YopO. By ultracentrifugation, we also showed that the CBD causes YopO aggregation in the bacteria, when SycO does not cover it. Further, we show that the CBD of YopE and YopT also caused aggregation in the bacteria in the absence of SycE and SycT respectively. YopE, YopT and T3S effectors in other systems also act at the membrane of the eukaryotic host cell. We propose a new hypothesis concerning the role of T3S chaperones. The sub-cellular localization domain of effectors is aggregation-prone and creates the need for a chaperone inside bacteria. We propose that masking such aggregation-prone localization domains may be a general function for type III effector chaperones
Replication data for: A Test of Conspicuous Consumption: Visibility and Income Elasticities
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