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Cryptic diversity and phylogeography of high alpine Sattleria — a case study combining DNA barcodes and morphology (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
No full textHuemer, Peter, Hebert, Paul D. N. (2011): Cryptic diversity and phylogeography of high alpine Sattleria — a case study combining DNA barcodes and morphology (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Zootaxa 2981: 1-22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27832
Sattleria
No full textChecklist of Sattleria species Sattleria Povolný, 1965 Sattleria melaleucella (Constant, 1865) = Gelechia mariae Frey, 1867 unavailable, infrasubspecific = Gelechia dzieduszyckii fusca Burmann, 1954 Sattleria arcuata Pitkin & Sattler, 1991 Sattleria pyrenaica (Petry, 1904) Sattleria karsholti Huemer & Hebert, 2011 sp. nov. Sattleria cottiella Huemer & Hebert, 2011 sp. nov. Sattleria marguareisi Huemer & Sattler, 1992 Sattleria izoardi Huemer & Sattler, 1992 Sattleria graiaeella Huemer & Hebert, 2011 sp. nov. Sattleria dzieduszyckii (Nowicki, 1864) = Gelechia dzieduszyckii tatrica Gregor & Povolný, 1955 Sattleria triglavica Povolný, 1987 Sattleria basistrigella Huemer, 1997 bona sp., stat. rev. = Gelechia dzieduszykii [sic] f. basistrigella Müller-Rutz, 1934 unavailable, infrasubspecific Sattleria angustispina Pitkin & Sattler, 1991 Sattleria breviramus Pitkin & Sattler, 1991 Sattleria styriaca Pitkin & Sattler, 1991Published as part of Huemer, Peter & Hebert, Paul D. N., 2011, Cryptic diversity and phylogeography of high alpine Sattleria — a case study combining DNA barcodes and morphology (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), pp. 1-22 in Zootaxa 2981 on page 6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27832
Holopedium acidophilum Rowe, Adamowicz & Hebert, 2007, n. sp.
No full textHolopedium acidophilum n. sp. Etymology. acidophilum refers to the apparent restriction of populations of this species to acidic bogs, ponds, and lakes. Type locality. Red Rock Pond, New Brunswick, Canada (45.233 º N, 66.733 º W), which is located near St. George, NB. It is situated north of Lake Utopia. From Hwy 785, turn onto Red Rock Lake Road. This road bifurcates 3.5 km later. Take the right fork. Proceed 2.9 km to Red Rock Pond which is on the right hand side of the gravel road. Type specimens. Holotype: an ovigerous female in ethanol deposited in the CMN under accession number CMNC 2007 -0738 (collection date June 13, 1992). Paratypes: 10 ovigerous females, preserved in ethanol, deposited in the CMN under accession number CMNC 2007 -0739 (collection date June 13, 1992). Material examined. Other habitats with H. acidophilum are listed in Appendix A. Morphological description. FEMALE. Representative photomicrographs are shown in Fig. 9. The jelly coat is of the A type, in which the anterior jelly curl arches toward the anterior portion of the jelly coat, and the lateral lobes are undivided (see Montvilo et al. 1987). Adult carapace lengths range from 0.62–1.46 mm (mean 1.10 mm), while carapace heights range from 0.24–1.48 mm (mean 1.08 mm). The H/L ratios range from 0.40–1.29 (mean 0.97). The ventral carapace margin is ordinarily spinulated posteriorly, but smooth anteriorly. Individuals lacking spinulation along the entire ventral valve margin were encountered. Anal spine number ranges from 8–21 (mean 14.07). Holopedium acidophilum lacks a basal spine on each postabdominal claw. Each claw invariably has a row of denticles running laterally from the base of the claw to its midpoint. MALE. Males were found in the type locality (Red Rock Pond, NB) from collections made in June and September over several years. Body lengths range from 0.40–0.91 mm. The ventral carapace margin is spinulated posteriorly, but smooth anteriorly. Males possess 9–17 anal spines. Holopedium acidophilum lacks a basal spine on each postabdominal claw. Each claw invariably has a row of denticles running laterally from the base of the claw to its midpoint. Differential diagnosis. H. acidophilum can be distinguished from H. amazonicum and H. atlanticum by its larger size and greater number of anal spines. It differs from both members of the H. gibberum species complex by its lack of a basal spine on the postabdominal claw. Holopedium acidophilum can be biochemically distinguished from H. atlanticum at the Pgm locus. Holopedium acidophilum possesses an allele that migrates faster than the allele present in H. atlanticum. COI mtDNA sequence divergence between H. acidophilum and H. amazonicum averages 8.7 %, while the divergence between H. acidophilum and H. atlanticum averages 10.6 %. Based on current evidence, individuals showing less than 6 % divergence from a representative COI mtDNA sequence (GenBank AF 245352) belong to H. acidophilum. Distribution. Holopedium acidophilum appears to be restricted to a narrow latitudinal range (43 º to 47 º N) spanning North America (Fig. 4 d). This species was not found to co-occur with other species of Holopedium. Despite concentrated sampling within this range, this species was found rarely. It occurred in three lakes and one pond on the west coast of Oregon, a small pond on the upper Michigan peninsula, and two bogs in southeastern New Brunswick. The eastern bog habitats were situated within a few kilometers of lake populations of both H. glacialis and H. atlanticum, but there was no evidence of genetic exchange as indicated by distinctive allozyme and mtDNA profiles. In the west, H. acidophilum was found in coastal lakes and ponds in Oregon, while the nearest populations of H. glacialis were in lakes in the Coastal Mountains. Breeding system. Males were detected in the eastern populations in mid June and late September, indicating that members of these populations are cyclical parthenogens. Males were not detected in western and central populations, but this was likely because they were sampled in the summer. Moreover, genotype frequencies were generally concordant with Hardy-Weinberg expectations.Published as part of Rowe, Chad L., Adamowicz, Sarah J. & Hebert, Paul D. N., 2007, Three new cryptic species of the freshwater zooplankton genus Holopedium (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Ctenopoda), revealed by genetic methods, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 1656 on pages 32-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17985
Figure 4 in Species diversity and endemism in the Daphnia of Argentina: a genetic investigation
No full textFigure 4. Collection sites for Argentine populations belonging to the subgenus Hyalodaphnia. Photographs are included to demonstrate the several head morphologies encountered. The morphological, not genetic, forms encountered at each site are indicated on the map.Published as part of Adamowicz, Sarah J., Hebert, Paul D. N. & Marinone, María Cristina, 2004, Species diversity and endemism in the Daphnia of Argentina: a genetic investigation, pp. 171-205 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 140 (2) on page 181, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2003.00089.x, http://zenodo.org/record/543913
Sattleria cottiella Huemer & Hebert, 2011, sp. nov.
No full textSattleria cottiella sp. nov. (Figs 4, 14, 28–29) Type material. Holotype 3, ‘ Italien, Prov Cuneo Colle Valcavera 2420 m N 44 °23,0´E 07°06,2´27.7. 2009 Mayr Toni leg.’ (TLMF). Paratypes. Italy: 5 3, same data as holotype (RCTM); 1 3, same data, but 4.8. 2008, leg. Huemer (TLMF); 1 3, same data, but 23.7. 2009, leg. Huemer (TLMF); 7 3, same data, but 2.8. 2010, leg. Huemer (TLMF); 4 3, same data, but leg. Wieser (LMK); 13 3, Prov. Cuneo, Demonte NW, Colle Fauniera, 2480-2500 m, 3.8. 2008, leg. Huemer, gen. slides GEL 1144, GEL 1146 (TLMF); 20 3, same data, but 28.7. 2009, leg. Skou & Skule (ZMUC). Description. Adult (Fig. 4). Head cream-coloured; labial palpus cream-coloured, with brown mottling on outer surface, tip of segment three darker brown; antenna blackish brown; thorax and abdomen light grey-brown, mixed with some rusty-brown. Wingspan 3 15.0–17.0 mm; forewing light brownish grey, rusty brown along fold and in medial part of the forewing, indistinct angulate light grey fascia at 4 / 5; black markings: dash in fold, subcostal spot at 2 / 5 and angulated spot at 3 / 5 in middle of forewing, furthermore some black mottling at base and along costa, termen with black dots; fringes concolorous with ground colour, weakly defined fringe line present; hindwing light grey with concolorous fringes. Female unknown. Male genitalia (Figs 14, 28– 29). Uncus with evenly rounded apex; gnathos hook strong, culcitula large; tegumen anteriorly widened, broadly and deeply emarginated anterior margin; pedunculi long, slender; valva long, slender, extending almost to apex of uncus, almost straight; sacculus shorter than valva, evenly tapered to apical point, basally without lobe; vinculum deeply emarginated with pair of long, forked processes; primary process basally broad, distal half needle-shaped, almost level with apex of sacculus; secondary process stiletto-shaped, about one-half length of distal half of primary process, arising at acute angle of about 60 ° from basal half of primary process, distal half with weakly serrated inner margin; saccus slightly shorter than primary vincular process, slender sub-rectangular with cut-off apex; anellus with pair of small, rounded, centrally perforated sclerites; phallus slender, nearly straight, without medial projection, coecum weakly inflated, apex with curved sclerotized arm. Female genitalia. Unknown. Diagnosis. Sattleria cottiella sp. nov. is externally very similar to other small species in the genus, particularly S. izoardi, S. marguareisi and S. pyrenaica which are on average smaller with 14.0–16.0 mm (S. izoardi), 15.0–16.0 mm (S. marguareisi) and 16.0 mm (S. pyrenaica) respectively. It differs from these taxa in its peculiar forked vincular processes: S. pyrenaica has a shorter and broader primary process and a broader secondary process which arises from the former at a right angle (Fig. 13); S. izoardi has a longer primary process and a distinctly longer secondary process of about 2 / 3 length of distal half of the former and arising from it at an acute angle of about 30 ° (Figs 15, 30– 31); finally S. marguareisi differs in the unforked vincular processes replaced by a suboval secondary lobe (Fig. 16). Intraspecific divergence at COI is absent (n= 5), whereas mean interspecific divergence is 1.91 % to the nearest neighbour (S. marguareisi). Bionomics. Host-plants and early stages are unknown. The adults have been collected from late July to early August in the first half of the night at light. Habitats are alpine scree and rock formations on limestone with sparse vegetation at elevations from about 2400 m to 2500 m. Distribution. Only known from the southern part of the Cottian Alps (Prov. Cuneo, Italy), in a limited area in the surroundings of Colle Fauniera—Colle Valvacera. Etymology. The specific name derives from the Ligurian prince Cottius, referring to the distribution area of this species, the Cottian Alps. Remarks. S. cottiella sp. nov. was initially misidentified as S. izoardi on external appearance, but its status as a distinct species was first revealed by DNA barcoding and subsequently confirmed by detailed morphological analysis. Pl. 20, Fig. 205 c in Huemer and Karsholt (2010) refers to the new species and has to be corrected accordingly.Published as part of Huemer, Peter & Hebert, Paul D. N., 2011, Cryptic diversity and phylogeography of high alpine Sattleria — a case study combining DNA barcodes and morphology (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), pp. 1-22 in Zootaxa 2981 on pages 11-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27832
Holopedium atlanticum Rowe, Adamowicz & Hebert, 2007, n. sp.
No full text<i>Holopedium atlanticum</i> n. sp. <p> <b>Synonymy.</b> Individuals from North America previously identified as <i>H. amazonicum</i> should properly be identified as <i>H. atlanticum</i>.</p> <p>Birge (1918): 693, Fig. 1061b</p> <p>Pennak (1953): 364–365, Fig. 227d</p> <p>Brooks (1959): 603, Fig. 27.13</p> <p>Pennak (1978): 365–366, Fig. 254d</p> <p>Pennak (1989): 386–387, Fig. 12d</p> <p>Korovchinsky (1992): 77–78, Figs. 371–373, 375, 377</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> <i>atlanticum</i> refers to the distribution of this species in lakes along the eastern Atlantic seaboard of North America.</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Moosehead Lake, Maine (45.633º N, 69.683º W). On Hwy ME-6, in close proximity to the town of Moosehead.</p> <p> <b>Type specimens. Holotype</b>: an ovigerous female in ethanol deposited in the CMN under accession number CMNC 2007-0741 (collection date September 2, 1993).</p> <p> <b>Paratypes</b>: 10 ovigerous females, preserved in ethanol, deposited in the CMN under accession number CMNC 2007-0742 (collection date September 2, 1993).</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Other habitats with <i>H. atlanticum</i> are listed in Appendix A.</p> <p> <b>Morphological description.</b> FEMALE. Representative photomicrographs are shown in Fig. 10. The jelly coat is of the A type, in which the anterior jelly curl arches toward the anterior portion of the jelly coat, and the lateral lobes are undivided (see Montvilo <i>et al.</i> 1987).</p> <p>Adult carapace lengths range from 0.44–1.01 mm (mean 0.73 mm), while carapace heights range from 0.30–1.06 mm (mean 0.74 mm). The H/L ratios range from 0.68–1.37 (mean 1.00). The ventral carapace margin is ordinarily spinulated posteriorly, but smooth anteriorly. Individuals lacking spinulation along the entire ventral valve margin were encountered.</p> <p> Anal spine number ranges from 6–11 (mean 8.35). <i>Holopedium atlanticum</i> lacks a basal spine on each postabdominal claw. Each claw ordinarily has a row of denticles running laterally from the base of the claw to its midpoint, although individuals were observed that lacked claw denticulation.</p> <p> MALE. Males have been found in small numbers in collections from sites in North Carolina in May and June; however, they are typically found in the highest abundance in the autumn (Hegyi 1973). Males of this species were not examined in this study, and thus detailed morphometrics cannot be presented. However, Hegyi (1973) presented a photograph and brief description of a male <i>Holopedium</i> which, based on distributional data, is probably <i>H. atlanticum</i>.</p> <p> <b>Differential diagnosis.</b> Although <i>H. atlanticum</i> is morphologically indistinguishable from <i>H. amazonicum</i>, these two species have allopatric distributions reducing the likelihood of genetic exchange (Fig. 4 c,e). <i>Holopedium atlanticum</i> is distinguished from <i>H. acidophilum</i> by the larger size and greater number of anal spines of the latter species. It differs from members of the <i>H. gibberum</i> complex by the absence of a basal spine on either postabdominal claw. <i>Holopedium atlanticum</i> can be biochemically distinguished from <i>H. acidophilum</i> at the <i>Pgm</i> locus, as <i>H. atlanticum</i> produces an enzyme which migrates slower than that of the latter species. COI mtDNA sequence divergence between <i>H. atlanticum</i> and <i>H. amazonicum</i> averages 12.3%, while the divergence between <i>H. atlanticum</i> and <i>H. acidophilum</i> averages 10.6%. Based on current evidence, individuals showing less than 4.8% divergence from a representative COI mtDNA sequence (GenBank AF 245353) belong to <i>H. atlanticum</i>.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> <i>H. atlanticum</i> was found along the Atlantic coast of North America from New Brunswick and Maine south to Florida, (Fig. 4 c). Populations of <i>Holopedium</i> reported by other workers from the southeastern United States are likely also <i>H. atlanticum</i>. Its range overlaps that of <i>H. glacialis</i> in the northeastern USA and southern New Brunswick, where these species occur sympatrically without hybridization. The extent of range overlap with <i>H. glacialis</i> is unresolved by this study, but several workers have identified <i>H. atlanticum</i> (formerly <i>H. amazonicum</i>) as far north as New Brunswick and <i>H. glacialis</i> (formerly <i>H. gibberum</i>) as far south as Tennessee and possibly South Carolina (Coker 1938, Bunting 1970, Hebert & Finston 1997).</p> <p> <b>Breeding system.</b> Males were not detected in populations collected throughout the summer in this study. In a life history study spanning two years, males were most abundant in early spring and late autumn (Hegyi 1973). In some southern localities, populations persist throughout the winter. Due to the existence of males, this species likely reproduces by cyclic parthenogenesis, but there is very little allozyme variation, suggesting that either this species engages in sexual reproduction infrequently or that variation has been trimmed due to a population bottleneck.</p> <p> A note regarding <i>H. groenlandicum</i> and <i>H. ramasarmii</i></p> <p> While individuals from Greenland were not included in the present study, the recently described species <i>H. groenlandicum</i> (Korovchinsky 2005) can purportedly be distinguished from <i>H. gibberum</i> by its “dorsally low shell and jelly envelope, shorter row of valve marginal spinules which are subdivided in groups, and comparatively longer postabdominal claws.” However, shell shape is a highly variable feature, which may be environmentally influenced (Røen 1962) and can depend upon the locality and presence/absence of fish (CLR pers. obs). The body lengths (0.74 to 1.09mm, mean 1.45mm), carapace heights (0.80 to 1.57mm, mean 1.19mm), and H:L ratios (0.641 to 1.000, mean 0.814) found by Korovchinsky (2005) in the Greenland populations fall within the ranges of values found in <i>H. gibberum</i> and <i>H. glacialis</i> populations in the present study (the preceding ranges and means that were not published in Korovchinsky [2005] were provided to CLR by that author). Jelly coat shape may be influenced by preservation (CLR, pers. obs), and therefore this trait may not be a good feature for diagnosing species. Moreover, the degree of carapace margin spinulation is also a highly variable trait within species (present study), although the discontinuous nature of the spinulation in the Greenland populations is noteworthy. Finally, the length of the postabdominal claws reported by Korovchinsky (2005, his Figure 1) is within the range of claw lengths observed for the <i>H. gibberum</i> s.s. populations studied here. Furthermore, the fact that we detected closely related lineages of <i>H. gibberum</i> s.s. in both northern Europe and North America suggests that similar lineages may be found in intervening arctic areas.</p> <p> Individuals from India were also not included in the present study. Consideration of the differences between either of the species in the <i>H. gibberum</i> complex and <i>H. ramasarmii</i> (Rao <i>et al.</i> 1998) is not currently possible due to the poor description of the latter species, lacking in detail. Korovchinsky (2004) labeled this species <i>incertae sedis</i>.</p> <p> We suggest that genetic evidence is required to determine if <i>H. groenlandicum</i> and <i>H. ramasarmii</i> are distinct species or if they are synonymous with described taxa.</p>Published as part of <i>Rowe, Chad L., Adamowicz, Sarah J. & Hebert, Paul D. N., 2007, Three new cryptic species of the freshwater zooplankton genus Holopedium (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Ctenopoda), revealed by genetic methods, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 1656</i> on pages 34-36, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/179852">10.5281/zenodo.179852</a>
Sattleria graiaeella Huemer & Hebert, 2011, sp. nov.
No full textSattleria graiaeella sp. nov. (Figs 6, 17, 32–33) Type material. Holotype 3, ‘Valle d´Aosta Champrocher Dondena sent. Mt. Rascias 2650 m ca. 21.VII. 2006 G. Baldizzone leg.’ ‘G JN 20934 3 Sattleria triglavica’ ‘ BC TLMF Lep 1083 ’ (TLMF). Paratypes. Italy: 1 3, same data, but Dondena—Chila Desot, 2370-2450 m, 20.7. 2006 (RCGB); 1 3, same data, but Dondena—Miserin, 2300-2450 m, 19.7. 2006 (RCGB); 1 3, Prov. Aosta, Cogne, Lago di Loje, 2400 m, 8.7. 1961, leg. Klimesch (ZSM); 4 3, Prov. Aosta, PN Gran Paradiso, Lago Serrú, 2275, 6.8. 1992, leg. Delmastro, gen. slides GEL 1135, GEL 1136 (TLMF). Excluded from the type-series: Material published by Pitkin and Sattler (1991) (see Remarks). Description. Adult (Fig. 6). Head whitish cream, labial palpus whitish cream mottled with mid-brown; antenna blackish brown; thorax mid-brown, mottled with some whitish scales anteriorly, abdomen mid-brown. Wingspan 3 16.5–18.5 mm; forewing ground colour light cream-brown, intensively mottled whitish cream, mid-brown along costa; black markings well developed: broad black stripe through fold, angulated dash in middle of forewing at end of cell and few black scales near base of forewing, termen with dark brown line; fringes concolorous with ground colour, weakly defined fringe line present; hindwing light grey with concolorous fringes. Female unknown. Male genitalia (Figs 17, 32– 33). Uncus with evenly rounded apex; gnathos hook strong, culcitula large; tegumen anteriorly widened, broadly and deeply emarginated anterior margin; pedunculi long, slender; valva long, slender, extending almost to apex of uncus, weakly curved; sacculus shorter than valva, medially broadened with slightly concave outer margin, abruptly tapered to short apical part; vinculum deeply emarginated with pair of processes; primary process long and needle-shaped, about level with apex of sacculus; secondary process arising from basal half of primary process, extremely broad based, outer edge broadly concave and serrated; saccus about length of primary vincular process, slender sub-rectangular with cut-off apex; anellus with pair of small, rounded, centrally perforated sclerites; phallus slender, nearly straight, with distinct medial projection, coecum scarcely inflated, apex with short and straight sclerotized arm. Female genitalia. Not examined. It is likely that the female of the so-called south-western form of S. basistrigella from Savoie figured by Pitkin and Sattler (1991) in fact belongs to S. graiaeella sp. nov. (see Remarks). Diagnosis. Sattleria graiaeella sp. nov. is externally similar to S. basistrigella and S. triglavica differing in the slightly smaller wingspan (16.5–18.5 mm versus 19.0-20.0 mm). However, the male genitalia of the new species are characterized by a distinct medial process of the phallus (Fig. 17) absent in the related species (Figs 19–20). The secondary process of the vinculum is large and almost evenly convex with serrated edge and thus distinct from both afore-mentioned taxa (Figs 32–35). The furthermore similar S. dzieduszyckii is distinguished by the evenly tapered sacculus and the different shape of the secondary vincular process (Fig. 18). No measure of intraspecific variation was possible as only a single individual was analyzed, but interspecific divergence was 2.98 % to the nearest neighbour (S. breviramus). The minimal sequence distance to the allegedly conspecific S. basistrigella is 3.27 %. Bionomics. Host-plants and early stages are unknown. The adults have been collected from the end of June to mid-August. Habitats are alpine scree and rock formations primarily on limestone but also on siliceous soil with sparse vegetation at elevations ranging from about 2200 m to 2800 m. Distribution. Only known from a small section of the western Alps, ranging from the Alpi Graie (Prov. Aosta, Italy) to Savoie (France). Etymology. The species is named after the Roman province Alpes Graiae, the distribution area of the species. Remarks. S. graiaeella sp. nov. was hitherto considered as a geographical form of S. basistrigella representing this species in the south-western Alps (Pitkin and Sattler 1991). The male genitalia figured by these authors leave no doubt about their conspecificity with the new species. We have not been able to examine this material which is therefore not included in the type-series. Particularly the females originating from a different locality than the males should be re-examined.Published as part of Huemer, Peter & Hebert, Paul D. N., 2011, Cryptic diversity and phylogeography of high alpine Sattleria — a case study combining DNA barcodes and morphology (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), pp. 1-22 in Zootaxa 2981 on pages 15-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27832
Sattleria karsholti Huemer & Hebert, 2011, sp. nov.
No full textSattleria karsholti sp. nov. (Figs 3, 12, 24–25) Type material. Holotype 3, ‘ Italia sept. Prov. Bergamo Alpi Orobie Val d´Arera 2100 m 14.- 15.8.1992 leg. Huemer’ ‘ BC TLMF Lep 1439 ’ (TLMF). Paratypes. Italy: 1 3, same data as holotype, gen. slide GEL 1132 (TLMF); 7 3, Prov. Trento, Adamello, Mandron, 2800 m, 30.7.- 1.8.1964, leg. Burmann, gen. slides GEL 131, LMP 52, LMP 71 (LNK; TLMF; ZMUC); 2 3, same data, but end 7.1967, leg. Burmann; 1 3, same data, but 2700 m, mid 8.1958, leg. Burmann, gen. slide LMP 89 (LNK); 1 3, same data, but 2500 m, 15.8. 1985, leg. Schütz (RCTG); 1 3, same data, but 2600 m, 15.8. 1989, leg. Schütz (RCTG); 1 3, Prov. Verona, Monte Baldo, Telegrafo, 2150 m, mid 7.1969, leg. Burmann, gen. slide LMP 74 (LNK); 1 3, Prov. Verona, Monte Baldo, Cima Valdritta, 2200 m, 15.7. 1987, leg. Huemer & Tarmann, gen. slide GEL 162 (TLMF); 1 3, Prov. Verona, Monte Baldo, Longino, 2200 m, 29.6. 1985, leg. Tarmann (TLMF). Description. Adult (Fig. 3). Head cream-coloured, rarely mid-brown, labial palpus cream-coloured, with few mid-brown scales on outer surface, tip of segment three brownish; antenna blackish brown; thorax and abdomen mid-brown, mixed with some rusty brown. Wingspan 3 17.5 –20.5.0 mm; forewing ground colour underlies some variation, from light creamy brown to darker grey-brown, rusty brown along subcosta, fold and in basal half of forewing, medial part of wing intensively mottled cream, indistinct angulate cream fascia at 4 / 5 inwardly bordered by irregular transverse dark brown fascia; black markings: dash in fold, subcostal spot at 2 / 5 and angulated spot at 3 / 5 in middle of forewing, furthermore some black mottling at base and along costa, termen with black dots; fringes concolorous with ground colour, weakly defined fringe line present; hindwing light grey with concolorous fringes. Female unknown. Male genitalia (Figs 12, 24– 25). Uncus with evenly rounded apex; gnathos hook strong, culcitula large; tegumen anteriorly widened, broadly and deeply emarginated anterior margin; pedunculi long, slender; valva long, slender, extending almost to apex of uncus, nearly straight; sacculus shorter than valva, evenly tapered to apical point, basally without lobe; vinculum deeply emarginated with pair of long processes; primary process long and broadly digitate, distal half with few fine setae, apically weakly narrowing, almost level with apex of sacculus; secondary process short, sub-triangular spine, arising at right angle in basal third of primary process; saccus slightly shorter than primary vincular process, slender sub-rectangular with cut-off apex; anellus with pair of small, rounded, centrally perforated sclerites; phallus slender, nearly straight, with small medial projection, coecum weakly inflated, apex with short and straight sclerotized arm. Female genitalia. Unknown. Diagnosis. Sattleria karsholti sp. nov. is externally very similar to other medium-sized species of the genus, particularly to the south-western alpine population of S. melaleucella. However, S. melaleucella has a longer and more slender primary process of the vinculum, a longer spine-like secondary process and a large medial projection of the phallus (Figs 9 –10, 26– 27). In the somewhat similar S. arcuata, the primary vincular process is needleshaped and serrated (Fig. 11). Intraspecific divergence at COI is absent in the two specimens examined whereas interspecific divergence is 2.34 % to the nearest neighbour S. marguareisi. The minimum distance to the allegedly conspecific S. melaleucella is higher at 4.11 %. Bionomics. Host-plants and early stages are unknown. The adults have been collected from the end of June to mid-August. Habitats are alpine scree and rock formations primarily on limestone, but the species also occurs on siliceous soil with sparse vegetation at elevations ranging from about 2200 m to 2800 m. Distribution. Only known from a small section of the southern Alps, ranging from Monte Baldo in the west to Pizo Arera in the east (Prov. Trento, Verona, Bergamo, Italy). Etymology. The species is named after our colleague and friend Ole Karsholt (Zoological Museum, Copenhagen) in recognition of his outstanding contribution to European lepidopterology. Remarks. S. karsholti sp. nov. was hitherto considered as the geographical form “C” of S. melaleucella, representing this species in the southern Alps (Pitkin and Sattler, 1991; see discussion). Despite the presence of several distinctive morphological characters, Pitkin and Sattler (1991) hesitated to introduce a new name in the absence of further evidence indicating species status. Pl. 21, Fig. 207 c in Huemer and Karsholt (2010) depicts S karsholti sp. nov. and not S. melaleucella.Published as part of Huemer, Peter & Hebert, Paul D. N., 2011, Cryptic diversity and phylogeography of high alpine Sattleria — a case study combining DNA barcodes and morphology (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), pp. 1-22 in Zootaxa 2981 on pages 7-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27832
Fig. 1. Newly eclosed female A in Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly Astraptes fulgerator
No full textFig. 1. Newly eclosed female A. fulgerator (species LOHAMP, voucher code 02-SRNP-9770) from the ACG.Published as part of Hebert, Paul D. N., Penton, Erin H., Burns, John M., Janzen, Daniel H. & Hallwachs, Winnie, 2004, Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly Astraptes fulgerator, pp. 14812-14817 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101 (41) on page 14813, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0406166101, http://zenodo.org/record/442338
FIGURE 8 in Three new cryptic species of the freshwater zooplankton genus Holopedium (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Ctenopoda), revealed by genetic methods
No full textFIGURE 8. Representative photomicrographs of Holopedium amazonicum. (a) Lateral view of ovigerous female with jelly coat removed. (b) Lateral view of brooding female with jelly coat removed. (c) Lateral view of female head. (d) Partial lateral view of female. (e) Lateral view of female head. (f) Lateral view of female postabdomen. Lago Coari, Amazonas, May 24, 1996. (g) Lateral view of brood pouch margin and eggs. (h) Lateral view of ventral carapace margin. (a–e, g–h) from Lago Caju, Amazonas, September 24, 1998.Published as part of Rowe, Chad L., Adamowicz, Sarah J. & Hebert, Paul D. N., 2007, Three new cryptic species of the freshwater zooplankton genus Holopedium (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Ctenopoda), revealed by genetic methods, pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 1656 on page 31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17985
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