1,874 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-aut-10.1177_13623613231216052 – Supplemental material for Scene construction ability in neurotypical and autistic adults
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-aut-10.1177_13623613231216052 for Scene construction ability in neurotypical and autistic adults by Marchella Smith, Lindsey Cameron and Heather J Ferguson in Autism</p
Plausibility and perspective influence the processing of counterfactual narratives
No full textPrevious research has established that readers’ eye movements are sensitive to the difficulty with which a word is processed. One important factor that influences processing is the fit of a word within the wider context, including its plausibility. Here we explore the influence of plausibility in counterfactual language processing. Counterfactuals describe hypothetical versions of the world, but are grounded in the implication that the described events are not true. We report an eye-tracking study that examined the processing of counterfactual premises that varied the plausibility of a described action and manipulated the narrative perspective (“you” vs. “he/she”). Results revealed a comparable pattern to previous plausibility experiments. Readers were sensitive to the inconsistent thematic relation in anomalous and implausible conditions. The fact that these anomaly detection effects were evident within a counterfactual frame suggests that participants were evaluating incoming information within the counterfactual world, and did not suspend processing based on an inference about reality. Interestingly, perspective modulated the speed with which anomalous but not implausible words were detected
The future of research on social interaction
No full textOur daily lives involve many instances of social interactions, from parents talking with their children, friends catching up on each other’s news, to a customer interacting with a shop assistant. Throughout these instances of social interaction, human beings show a remarkable ability to compute ‘invisible’ mental states, allowing inference of what another person believes, can see, or has knowledge of. As highlighted throughout this book, these sociocognitive capacities are critical in determining successful social interactions, and thus furthering our understanding of social interactions in ‘real-world’ scenarios remains a key research topic. This chapter examines some of the cutting-edge methods used to study social cognition abilities, core research questions that are being explored within the field of social cognition (including ways to approach second-person neuroscience), and discusses factors that might influence social interaction abilities and how these could be used to develop intervention protocols for improving social cognition
Social interactions in old age
No full textSocial relationships play an important role in healthy ageing, with positive social interaction experiences predicting better mental and physical health. Research into social-cognitive abilities has often focused on the development of these abilities in childhood. This chapter will look at the other end of the lifespan, examining changes in social cognition abilities in older individuals as a result of healthy ageing. In particular, it focuses on several social processes, including Theory of Mind, empathy, emotion recognition, action understanding, and imitation, looking at reported changes in these abilities as a result of advancing age, and factors that may influence these changes across individuals. It also discusses potential intervention protocols aimed at reducing social-cognitive declines in older age, and how these reported abilities influence day-to-day functioning in the social world
The future of research on social interaction
No full textOur daily lives involve many instances of social interactions, from parents talking with their children, friends catching up on each other’s news, to a customer interacting with a shop assistant. Throughout these instances of social interaction, human beings show a remarkable ability to compute ‘invisible’ mental states, allowing inference of what another person believes, can see, or has knowledge of. As highlighted throughout this book, these sociocognitive capacities are critical in determining successful social interactions, and thus furthering our understanding of social interactions in ‘real-world’ scenarios remains a key research topic. This chapter examines some of the cutting-edge methods used to study social cognition abilities, core research questions that are being explored within the field of social cognition (including ways to approach second-person neuroscience), and discusses factors that might influence social interaction abilities and how these could be used to develop intervention protocols for improving social cognition
Social interactions in old age
No full textSocial relationships play an important role in healthy ageing, with positive social interaction experiences predicting better mental and physical health. Research into social-cognitive abilities has often focused on the development of these abilities in childhood. This chapter will look at the other end of the lifespan, examining changes in social cognition abilities in older individuals as a result of healthy ageing. In particular, it focuses on several social processes, including Theory of Mind, empathy, emotion recognition, action understanding, and imitation, looking at reported changes in these abilities as a result of advancing age, and factors that may influence these changes across individuals. It also discusses potential intervention protocols aimed at reducing social-cognitive declines in older age, and how these reported abilities influence day-to-day functioning in the social world
Comprehension of passive sentences with novel verbs by 25- and 42-month-olds
No full textThe acquisition of passive sentence structure has a long history of debate. Early studies using act out methods suggested that children do not understand reversible passives until around 4 years and that preschoolers pass through a stage in which they interpret the first noun phrase (NP) as the agent. However, studies using syntactic priming suggest that three-year-olds have verb-general representations of passive structure. We used forced choice pointing (Study 1) and preferential looking techniques (Study 2) to investigate at which age children show verb-general comprehension of passive structure. Since it is possible that when processing passive sentences children have to overcome a first-NP-as-agent bias, we combined preferential looking with eye-tracking measures in order to understand how children’s comprehension of passive sentences unfolds over time. We adapted a paradigm used by Gertner et al. (2006) whereby participants simultaneously saw two video clips of novel causative events, both involving a boy and a girl, whereby in one clip the boy was the agent and in the other he was the patient. Both Studies 1 and 2 compared 25-month-olds and 41-month-olds in between-subjects sentence structure conditions (Active Transitive vs. Passive). Study 1 found that 3-year-olds pointed above chance for both structures. For Study 2, we examined 800 msec windows that were time-locked to both first and second NP taking into account mean lexical processing speed for each age group. In the first NP region, both age groups showed a bias to map the first NP onto the agent, both for active and passive sentences. Both age groups showed evidence of differentiating the active from the passive sentence structure after the onset of the second NP. Thus, even as early as 25 months, children differentiate different types of two-NP sentences and show signs of an emerging ability to map these incrementally onto semantic roles
Haemorrhagic kidney syndrome of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.
No full textThis report describes a new syndrome affecting farmed Atlantic salmon on the Canadian east coast that has resulted in increased morbidity and mortality in affected stocks. The major pathological findings are apparent only microscopically and include renal interstitial haemorrhage and acute tubular necrosis and tubular casting. As a result, the disease has become known as haemorrhagic kidney syndrome (HKS). Affected fish are lethargic and anorectic, and lark external lesions. Clinically, HKS fish are anaemic, hypoproteinaemic and hyperosmolalic, with increased serum concentrations of sodium and chloride. At necropsy, internal changes ranged from apparently normal to include one or several of the following: swelling and/or patchy reddening of the kidney, pale gills, exophthalmos, serosanguinous ascites, darkening of the posterior intestine and splenomegaly. Ultrastructurally, viral inclusions were found in the cytoplasm of erythrocytes of HKS fish, and there were unusual electron-dense inclusions within the tips of renal tubular microvilli of HKS fish. The significance and relevance of the ultrastructural findings to HKS are unknown. Virus isolation was attempted using CHSE, RTG-2, FH-10, BE and EPC cell lines; no virus was isolated. Bacteriological analysis failed to reveal significant pathogens. Analysis of tissues for heavy metals and pesticides was negative. Assays for clostridial toxins, lipopolysaccharide and verotoxins were negative. The aetiology of HKS remains unresolved.PT: J; CR: AHNE W, 1989, VIRUSES LOWER VERTEB, V3 ARMSTRONG R, 1993, CAN VET J, V34, P312 AUSTIN B, 1993, BACTERIAL FISH PATHO BOVO G, 1995, DIS AQUAT ORGAN, V21, P115 CONFER AW, 1995, THOMSONS SPECIAL VET, P209 DANNEVIG BH, 1995, J GEN VIROL, V76, P1353 EATON WD, 1993, J GEN VIROL, V74, P2299 EVENSEN O, 1991, RES VET SCI, V51, P215 FERGUSON HW, 1982, VET PATHOL, V19, P687 FOOTT JS, 1992, J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH, V4, P306 HETRICK FM, 1993, ANN REV FISH DIS, V3, P187 KIMURA T, 1986, DIS AQUAT ORGAN, V1, P209 KIMURA T, 1989, VIRUSES LOWER VERTEB, V3 KOSKI P, 1992, BULL EUR ASSN FISH P, V12, P177 LAMAS J, 1995, J FISH DIS, V18, P425 MEIER W, 1994, ANN REV FISH DIS, V4, P359 NOUGAYREDE P, 1992, B EUROPEAN ASS FISH, V12, P5 PINTO RA, 1992, J AQUATIC ANIMAL HLT, V4, P292 ROBERTS RJ, 1994, RECENT ADV AQUACULTU, V5 SANO T, 1995, AQUACULTURE, V132, P43 SMITH LS, 1975, MISCELLANEOUS SPECIA, V27 SPEILBERG L, 1995, VET PATHOL, V32, P466 THOESEN JC, 1994, BLUE BOOK SUGGESTED TISHER CC, 1989, RENAL PATHOLOGY CLIN, V1 WADDELL TE, 1996, INFECT IMMUN, V64, P1714 WOLF K, 1988, FISH VIRUSES FISH VI WOOD CM, 1995, PHYSL ECOLOGY PACIFI; NR: 27; TC: 29; J9: J FISH DISEASES; PG: 11; GA: 170XZSource type: Electronic(1
De afsluiting van het Haringvliet
No full textIr. H. A. Ferguson - Ten geleide ** H. J. Stuvel - BoIwerk en hoafdkraan ** Ir. P. Santema - De Haringvlietafsluiting aIs instrument vaor regionalewaterbeheersing in Zuidwest-Nedefland ** Prof. ir. P. A. van de Velde - Het ontwerp in hoofdlijnen vaor de uitwateringssluis ** H. J . Stuvel - De kraan van de Delta ** Ir. J. E. Prins - Haringvlietproject stuwde waterloopkundig ondefzoek naar hager plan ** lr. F. Spaargaren en iT. J. J. Vinje - Waterloopkundig onderzoek ten behoeve van vormgeving kunstwerk, vorm bouwput en vonn sluitgat ** H. J. Stroband, ing. - De'Deltar' ** Ir. P. H. van der Weele- De bodembescherming ter weerszijden van de spuisluizen ** W. Drooger - Mechanisch zinken ** Ir. C. A. ZuMerwijk - 'Grootgrondverzet' in het Haringvliet ** Ir. P. Blokland - De problemen van de schaalvergroting bij het ontwerpen en bouwen van de spnisluis in het Haringvliet ** H. J. Stuvel - De produktie van de nablaliggers ** Ir. A. van Dam en ir. Ph. Diderich - Terugblik op een inspirerende opdracht ** Ir. drs. H. Kuiper - De segmentschuiven met elektro-hydraulische aandrijving ** fr. M. Geleedst en ir. W. A. Venis - OnderLoek naar het dynamisch gedrag van de Haringvlietsluis ** Ir. R.I. Schor - De vervaardiging van de schuiven ** Ir. J. ter Brugge - De montage van de schuiven ** Ir. P. H. van der Weele - De kabelbaan ** Ir. T. G. van der Meer - De sluiling van het Rak van Scheelhoek ** Ir. A. 1. Woestenenk - Bijzondere toerassing van zandasfalt in de waterbouw ** Ir. J.J. Pilon- De Hydrometische begeleiding van de Haringvlietwerken ** W. A. A. van Eyden en ir. F. Langeweg - De functie van de Haringvlietsluizen binnen het waterbeheersingssysteem van het noordelijk Deltabekken ** Prof. ir. P. Ph. Jansen - Een historisch gebeurenDeltawerke
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