6 research outputs found
Interactive effect of hot air roasting processes on the sensory property, allergenicity, and oil extraction of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds
No full textSesame seeds are a healthy food ingredient and an oil crop for sesame oil production; however, it has recently been recognized as an essential allergenic food by FAO/WHO. This research investigated the relationship between the hot air roasting process (at 120, 150, and 180 °C for 10, 20, and 30 min) and several quality attributes of sesame seeds since roasting is the key process for preparing sesame seeds for both consumption and oil production. The hot air process followed the central composite design. The changes of sesame in terms of color, sensory properties (odor, texture, color, and taste), allergenicity caused by oleosins (ses i 4 and ses i 5), as well as oil extraction and quality were monitored using a colorimeter, sensory evaluation panelists, ELISA, as well as oil yield and acid value, respectively. Roasting temperature influenced the product quality more than roasting time, although the two processing parameters significantly interacted with each other (P < 0.001). Sensory evaluation indicated medium roasting generated attractive flavor, order, appearance, and crispy texture. Allergenicity was high in sesame seeds after high-temperature roasting, according to IgE binding capacity test. Sesame oil extraction was favored by high-temperature roasting, which, however, adversely affected the oil quality. The optimal roasting conditions were 150.5 °C for 15 min for optimized sesame seeds quality in terms of sensory properties and allergenicity, while roasting at 158 °C for 10 min was optimal for sesame oil production. The finding will benefit the sesame seed industry
Harmonizing Landsat-8 OLI and Sentinel-2 MSI: an assessment of surface reflectance and vegetation index consistency
No full textNormalization of satellite images collected under various atmospheric conditions is critical for the comprehensive, long-term global surveillance of terrestrial surface alterations. This study utilized remote sensing data from the Sentinel-2A Multispectral Instrument (MSI) in polar orbit and the Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensors, with multispectral global coverage of 10–30 m, to derive reflectance products using inversion algorithms. Validation and assessment were conducted using synchronous surface measurement spectra collected from four sites across three Chinese provinces in 2019. We corrected surface reflectance and derived vegetation indices across blue, green, red, near-infrared (NIR), and two short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands and normalized discrepancies. The phenological spatial distribution map for late rice in Jiangxi Province was constructed using normalized data outcomes. A robust linear correlation in reflectance across corresponding bands of the two satellite sensors was observed. The NIR and SWIR bands showed the most significant difference because of differences in their spectral response functions. A high degree of congruence was observed between Landsat-8 OLI and Sentinel-2 MSI sensor reflectance products, with root mean square error values consistently below 0.05. The derived conversion equations were highly accurate for harmonizing data from both sensor systems
Evaluation of Surface Reflectance Products Based on Optimized 6S Model Using Synchronous In Situ Measurements
No full textSurface reflectance (SR) estimation is the most essential preprocessing step for multi-sensor remote sensing inversion of geophysical parameters. Therefore, accurate and stable atmospheric correction is particularly important, which is the premise and basis of the quantitative application of remote sensing. It can also be used to directly compare different images and sensors. The Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Sentinel-2 Multi-Spectral Instrument (MSI) surface reflectance products are publicly available and demonstrate high accuracy. However, there is not enough validation using synchronous spectral measurements over China’s land surface. In this study, we utilized Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) atmospheric products reconstructed by Categorical Boosting (CatBoost) and 30 m ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model (ASTER GDEM) data to adjust the relevant parameters to optimize the Second Simulation of Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6S) model. The accuracy of surface reflectance products obtained from the optimized 6S model was compared with that of the original 6S model and the most commonly used Fast Line-of-sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes (FLAASH) model. Surface reflectance products were validated and evaluated with synchronous in situ measurements from 16 sites located in five provinces of China: Fujian, Gansu, Jiangxi, Hunan, and Guangdong. Through the indirect and direct validation across two sensors and three methods, it provides evidence that the synchronous measurements have the higher and more reliable validation accuracy. The results of the validation indicated that, for Landsat-8 OLI and Sentinel-2 MSI SR products, the overall root mean square error (RMSE) calculated results of optimized 6S, original 6S and FLAASH across all spectral bands were 0.0295, 0.0378, 0.0345, and 0.0313, 0.0450, 0.0380, respectively. R2 values reached 0.9513, 0.9254, 0.9316 and 0.9377, 0.8822, 0.9122 respectively. Compared with the original 6S model and FLAASH model, the mean percent absolute error (MPAE) of the optimized 6S model was reduced by 32.20% and 15.86% for Landsat-8 OLI, respectively. On the other, for the Sentinel-2 MSI SR product, the MPAE value was reduced by 33.56% and 33.32%. For the two kinds of data, the accuracy of each band was improved to varying extents by the optimized 6S model with the auxiliary data. These findings support the hypothesis that reliable auxiliary data are helpful in reducing the influence of the atmosphere on images and restoring reality as much as is feasible
Application of Maillard Reaction Products Derived Only from Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Sesame Meal to Enhance the Flavor and Oxidative Stability of Sesame Oil
No full textThe low-temperature roasting of sesame oil has become increasingly popular because of its nutritional benefits; however, the flavor is reduced. In order to improve the quality of sesame oil without exogenous addition, sesame meal was hydrolyzed and further used to prepare Maillard reaction products (MRPs) while protease hydrolysis (PH) and glucoamylase-protease hydrolysis (GPH) were used, and their respective Maillard products (PHM and GPHM) were added in the oils for reducing sugar and total sugar content determination, free amino acid determination, and color and descriptive sensory analysis, as well as electronic nose, SPME-GC-MS, odor activity value, and oxidative stability analyses. Results showed that the MRPs could be produced using the enzymatically hydrolyzed sesame meal without exogenous addition, and the oil flavor blended with GPHM (GPHM-SO) was significantly (p < 0.05) improved with the best sensory quality. The composition of pyrazines (119.35 μg/mL), furans (13.95 μg/mL), and sulfur substances (6.25 μg/mL) contributed positively to sensory properties in GPHM-SO, and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, and 2,3-dimethylpyrazine were characterized as the key flavor compounds with odor activity values of 7.01, 14.80, and 31.38, respectively. Furthermore, the oxidative stability of the oil was significantly improved with the addition of MRPs, and the shelf life of GPHM-SO was predicted to be extended by 1.9 times more than that of the crude oil based on the accelerated oxidation fitting analysis. In general, the MRPs derived only from sesame meal can enhance the flavor and oxidative stability of sesame oil and can be applied in the oil industry
Impact of hip synovitis on the long-term outcomes of free vascularized fibular grafting for osteonecrosis of femoral head
No full textObjective·To observe the impact of hip synovitis on the long-term outcomes of free vascularized fibular grafting (FVFG) for osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH).Methods·Between October 2001 and December 2013, 370 patients diagnosed with ONFH (556 hips) underwent FVFG. Preoperative synovitis was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and quantified with the Hip Inflammation MRI Scoring System (HIMRISS). Patients were divided into no synovitis group, moderate synovitis group, and severe synovitis group. Harris hip scores and the incidence of total hip arthroplasty were collected with an average follow-up duration of 90.5 months (range: 5‒215 months). Hip survival failure (defined as a Harris hip score lower than 80 at the final follow-up or the occurrence of total hip arthroplasty) was calculated. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was adopted to compare the influence of different degrees of synovial inflammation on long-term prognosis.Results·The proportion of hip survival failure was 28.0% in patients without synovitis and 28.5% in those with moderate synovitis, whereas it was significantly higher (60.4%) in patients with severe synovitis. The results of multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that severe synovitis was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis (HR 2.06, 95%CI 1.21‒3.53) after adjusting for age, gender, education level, marital status, ONFH type, affected side of ONFH, smoking history, baseline Harris hip score and other hip MRI-based covariates (collapse, bone marrow edema, and degeneration).Conclusion·Severe synovitis in patients with ONFH significantly increases the failure rate of hip preservation after FVFG, and the severity of synovitis should be considered in surgical decision-making
Observation of switchable polar skyrmion bubbles down to the atomic layers in van der Waals ferroelectric CuInP2S6
No full textAbstract Polar skyrmions are topologically nontrivial polarization textures that demonstrate exotic physical phenomena and novel memory applications. Thus far, these textures have primarily been reported in oxide-ferroelectric-based epitaxial heterostructures because their stabilization requires an elastic energy penalty from the epitaxial strains. Here, without the epitaxial-strain engineering, we discover polar skyrmion bubbles in stand-alone van der Waals ferroelectric CuInP2S6 crystal through the combination of piezoelectric force microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and phase-field simulations. In a thick CuInP2S6 flake of over −100 nm, skyrmion bubbles feature an elliptical hedgehog-like state with center-divergent or center-convergent configurations. Progressively thinning the flake thickness to −8 nm allows a topological transition from elliptical to circular skyrmionic patterns. Interestingly, the skyrmions can be switched with the change in helicity by probe-applied electrical and mechanical stimuli, which is distinct from the creation and annihilation of other reported skyrmions. Both theoretical and experimental data proves that the formation and thickness-dependence of skyrmion textures primarily stem from charge-related energy penalty. This work opens up a new material system (i.e., two-dimensional layered ferroionic materials) for exploring uncharted polar-topology physics and prospective neuromorphic devices
