140 research outputs found
Combinatorial synthesis and screening of (Ba,Sr)(Ti,Mn)O3 thin films for optimization of tunable co-planar waveguides
No full textThe identification and optimization of tunable dielectric materials exhibiting low loss characteristics in the GHz frequencies are essential in the development of low power devices for microwave applications. We have applied a combinatorial synthetic methodology employing multiple atomic evaporative sources to produce compositional gradient thin film (Ba,Sr)(Ti,Mn)O3 perovskites. High throughput screening chips of both capacitive and waveguide structures are used to measure the compositional dependence of the dielectric properties of the fully characterised thin film materials. The co-planar waveguides are shown to allow measurements at frequencies exceeding 10 GHz. Using this methodology, we haveidentified (Ba,Sr)(Ti,Mn)O3 compositions which exhibit good tunability with low losses at microwave frequencies: for a single device with a 10 V DC bias one can achieve a 12 phase shift with excellent transmission characteristics, and an insertion loss of ~3.2 dB We show that small changes in composition can result in a significant change in dielectric characteristics and device performance, and that the experimental protocol developed provides a powerful methodology for the development of materials and microwave devices
On Ma Lian-yuan's 馬聯元 "Sharh al-latā'if"
No full textMa Lian-yuan (1841-1903) is well-known as one of the leading spiritual leaders (ulema) in Yunnan province in the end of the Qing Dynasty. He is famous for his great contribution to the reconstruction of the Muslim community in Yunnan province which was disastrously devastated after the unsuccessful Yunnan Muslim rebellion against the Qing Dynasty. Ma Lian-yuan's Muslim name is Nur al-Haqq which signifies in Arabic "light of the God". As a Muslim scholar, he wrote many works in Arabic as well as in Persian. He also translated Chinese classics about the Muslim in China into Arabic, and Arabic literature into Classical Chinese. His Xingli weiyan 性理微言 is an Arabic translation of Liu zhi 劉智's Tianfang xingli 天方性理. The book Xingli weiyan contains the original text in Classical Chinese and its phrase translation into Arabic, each phrase being juxtaposed. Xingli weiyan's Arabic title is‘Lata'if. Ma Lian-yuan wrote a detailed Arabic commentary on this Lata'if. This Arabic commentary is entitled 'Sharh at-Lata'if' in Arabic, and 'Tianfang xingli awen zhujie' 天方性理阿文注解 in Chinese. This book was at first printed in Kanpur in India, where Ma Lian-yuan died. In this paper, the theory of Unity of Being as well as that of Unity of Love which are found in Ma Lian-yuan's Sharh al-Lata'if, or Tianfang xingli awen zhujie are analyzed. Furthermore, the author also discusses Liu Zhi's philosophy, exactly the Chinese version of the theory of Unity of Being on which Ma Lian-yuan's philosophic view of the world was built
Clustering Strategy in Intellectually Gifted Children:Assessment Using a Collaborative Recall Task
No full textThis study examined three aspects of the clustering strategy used by participants: the differences of clustering strategy between intellectually gifted and average children; the relationship between clustering strategy and recall performance in intellectually gifted and average children; and the differences in recall performance on collaborative recall task of intellectually gifted and average children. Thirty-eight intellectually gifted and 44 intellectually average children were recruited, and their collaborative and individual recall performances were tested. The results showed that intellectually gifted children had better clustering strategy than their peers when adjusted ratio of clustering scores were calculated (p <.01); clustering strategy positively correlated with recall performance in intellectually average children (p <.05), while no such correlation was found in intellectually gifted children (p =.95); there was no collaborative inhibition in the gifted group (p =.82). These findings partly resolve the conflicts in individual research and expand on the conclusions regarding collaborative memory.</p
(Ba, Sr)(Ti, Mn)O3 Perovskite Films for Co-Planar Waveguide Tunable Microwave Phase Shifters
No full textBaxSr1-xTiyMn1-yO 3 BSTO thin films have been synthesized using a molecular beam epitaxy system. Novel coplanar waveguide tunable phase shifters have been developed using these Mn-doped perovskite films. The presented phase shifters operate with a phase shift angle of 12 degrees at 10GHz. at an applied bias of 10V on an area smaller than 1mm 2 , Insertion loss of ~3.2 dB is extracted from the S-parameter measurement. Small changes of composition lead to a significant variation of device phase shift, demonstrating the importance of synthesizing suitable structure BSTO film
Inattentional Blindness in 9- to 10-Year-Old Intellectually Gifted Children
No full textResearchers suggest that while intellectually gifted children might not always display adequate focus on their general life, they perform very well on experimental attentional tasks. The current study used inattentional blindness (IB) paradigm to understand better the attentional abilities of intellectually gifted children. Specifically, we examined whether intellectually gifted children were more able to avoid IB while performing well on certain attentional tasks. An experiment was carried out that involved 44 intellectually gifted and 45 average children. Results showed that intellectually gifted children, whose IB rate was 18.6%, were less susceptible to IB than average children, whose IB rate was 46.5%, χ2(1) = 7.626, p = .006. Intellectually gifted children performed better on the primary attentional tasks than average children when unexpected stimuli occurred. Findings suggest that intellectually gifted children are more likely to maintain attention on current task but are more prone to process additional stimuli. Overall, the present study argues that general intelligence may affect IB.Researchers suggest that while intellectually gifted children might not always display adequate focus on their general life, they perform very well on experimental attentional tasks. The current study used inattentional blindness (IB) paradigm to understand better the attentional abilities of intellectually gifted children. Specifically, we examined whether intellectually gifted children were more able to avoid IB while performing well on certain attentional tasks. An experiment was carried out that involved 44 intellectually gifted and 45 average children. Results showed that intellectually gifted children, whose IB rate was 18.6%, were less susceptible to IB than average children, whose IB rate was 46.5%, χ2 (1) = 7.626, p = .006. Intellectually gifted children performed better on the primary attentional tasks than average children when unexpected stimuli occurred.Findings suggest that intellectually gifted children are more likely to maintain attention on current task but are more prone to process additional stimuli. Overall, the present study argues that general intelligence may affect IB
Alexandre de la Charme’s Chinese–Manchu Treatise Xingli zhenquan tigang (Sing lii jen ciyan bithei hešen) in the Early Entangled History of Christian, Neo-Confucian, and Manchu Shamanic Thought and Spirituality as Well as Early Sinology
No full textThe work Xingli zhenquan tigang (Sing lii jen ciyan bithei hešen) was written in Chinese and Manchu by the French Jesuit Alexandre de la Charme (1695–1767) and published in Beijing in 1753. The first two sections of this paper provide an introduction to de la Charme’s work biography and to further textual and historical contexts, explore the peculiarities of the subsequent early German reception of the work almost 90 years later, and introduce the content from an overview perspective. The third section explores the most essential contents of Book 1 (of 3) of the Manchu version. The investigation is based on Hans Conon von der Gabelentz’s (1807–1874) German translation from 1840. Camouflaged as a Confucian educational dialogue, and by blurring his true identity in his publication, de la Charme criticizes Neo-Confucian positions from an implicitly Cartesian and hidden Christian perspective, tacitly blending Cartesian views with traditional Chinese concepts. In addition, he alludes to Manchu shamanic views in the same regard. De la Charme’s assimilating rhetoric “triangulation” of three different cultural and linguistic horizons of thought and spirituality proves that later Jesuit scholarship reached out into the inherent ethnic and spiritual diversity of the Qing intellectual and political elites. Hidden allusions to Descartes’s dualistic concepts of res cogitans and res extensa implicitly anticipate the beginnings of China’s intellectual modernization period one and a half centuries later. This work also provides an example of how the exchange of intellectual and religious elements persisted despite the Rites Controversy and demonstrates how the fading Jesuit mission influenced early German sinology. I believe that this previously underexplored work is significant in both systematic and historical respects. It is particularly relevant in the context of current comparative research fields, as well as transcultural and interreligious intellectual dialogue in East Asia and around the world
Laterally Excited Resonators Based on Single-Crystalline LiTaO3 Thin Film for High-Frequency Applications
No full textHigh-performance acoustic resonators based on single-crystalline piezoelectric thin films have great potential in wireless communication applications. This paper presents the modeling, fabrication, and characterization of laterally excited bulk resonators (XBARs) utilizing the suspended ultra-thin (~420 nm) LiTaO3 (LT, with 42° YX-cut) film. The finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to model the LT-based XBARs precisely and to gain further insight into the physical behaviors of the acoustic waves and the loss mechanisms. In addition, the temperature response of the devices was numerically calculated, showing relatively low temperature coefficients of frequency (TCF) of ~−38 ppm/K for the primary resonant mode. The LT-based XBARs were fabricated and characterized, which presents a multi-resonant mode over a wide frequency range (0.1~10 GHz). For the primary resonance around 4.1 GHz, the fabricated devices exhibited a high-quality factor (Bode-Q) ~ 600 and piezoelectric coupling (kt2) ~ 2.84%, while the higher-harmonic showed a greater value of kt2 ~ 3.49%. To lower the resonant frequency of the resonator, the thin SiO2 film (~20 nm) was sputtered on the suspended device, which created a frequency offset between the series and shunt resonators. Finally, a ladder-type narrow band filter employing five XBARs was developed and characterized. This work effectively demonstrates the performance and application potential of micro-acoustic resonators employing high-quality LT films
Alexandre de la Charme’s Chinese–Manchu Treatise Xingli zhenquan tigang (Sing lii jen ciyan bithei hešen) in the Early Entangled History of Christian, Neo‐Confucian, and Manchu Shamanic Thought and Spirituality as Well as Early Sinology
No full textThe work Xingli zhenquan tigang (Sing lii jen ciyan bithei hešen) was written in Chinese and Manchu by the French Jesuit Alexandre de la Charme (1695–1767) and published in Beijing in 1753. The first two sections of this paper provide an introduction to de la Charme’s work biography and to further textual and historical contexts, explore the peculiarities of the subsequent early German reception of the work almost 90 years later, and introduce the content from an overview perspective. The third section explores the most essential con‐ tents of Book 1 (of 3) of the Manchu version. The investigation is based on Hans Conon von der Gabelentz’s (1807–1874) German translation from 1840. Camouflaged as a Confucian educational dialogue, and by blurring his true identity in his publication, de la Charme criticizes Neo‐Confucian positions from an implicitly Cartesian and hidden Christian perspective, tacitly blending Cartesian views with traditional Chinese concepts. In addition, he alludes to Manchu shamanic views in the same regard. De la Charme’s assimilating rhetoric “triangulation” of three different cultural and linguistic horizons of thought and spirituality proves that later Jesuit scholarship reached out into the inherent ethnic and spiritual diversity of the Qing intellectual and political elites. Hidden allusions to Descartes’s dualistic concepts of res cogitans and res extensa implicitly anticipate the beginnings of China’s intellectual modernization period one and a half centuries later. This work also provides an example of how the exchange of intellectual and religious elements persisted despite the Rites Controversy and demonstrates how the fading Jesuit mission influenced early German sinology. I believe that this previously underexplored work is significant in both systematic and historical respects. It is particularly relevant in the context of current comparative research fields, as well as transcultural and interreligious intellectual dialogue in East Asia and around the world
Drug Release and Pharmacokinetics Behavior of a Simple Ethylcellulose Coating Pulsatile Tablet of Time-Controlled Explosive System
No full textCore tip:
The time rhythm of the human body is associated with the occurrence and development of many diseases. Kinds of diseases of particular onset biorhythm provided the room for the development of chronopharmacological drug delivery systems. Metoprolol tartrate (MT), a medicine commonly used for treatment of cardiovascular diseases in clinic, was selected as model drug to develop a time-controlled explosive pulsatile tablet. The prepared MT pulsatile tablets showed a drug release lag time of 7.10 h in vitro perfectly consistent with the absorption lag time of 7.04 h in vivo, which ensured the pulsatile tablet a promising chronopharmacological drug delivery system for MT to prevent and treat the peak attack of hypertension and angina pectoris early in the morning.
Abstract:
Background The time rhythm of human body is associated with the occurrence and development of many diseases. Kinds of diseases of particular onset biorhythm provided the room for the development of chronopharmacological drug delivery systems.
Aim In this work, the drug release and pharmacokinetics behavior of metoprolol tartrate (MT) pulsatile tablet developed in our lab was investigated to figure out its feasibility of convenient drug taking to exert effective chronotherapy for cardiovascular diseases like hypertension and angina pectoris.
Methods The in vitro release behavior of MT pulsatile tablets was investigated by using basket method. The appearance and morphology of MT pulsatile tablets during drug release was observed by naked eye and scanning electronic microscope, respectively. In vivo pharmacokinetics performance was studied in New Zealand rabbits.
Results The lag time of MT pulsatile tablets was approximately 7 h in vitro, and a fast release was observed thereafter, with more than 90% releasing within 10 min. The pharmacokinetics study in rabbits demonstrated a perfect consistence in the absorption lag time of 7.04 ± 0.29 h in vivo. Compared with the marketed conventional tablet, the MT pulsatile tablet showed a bioequivalence in absorption extent with a relative bioavailability of 110.04%, but not in absorption rate.
Conclusion The designed lag time of 7 hours enabled the MT pulsatile tablets to achieve effective chronotherapy for cardiovascular diseases like hypertension and angina pectoris with a high attack rhythm around 4:00-6:00 A.M by giving medicine conveniently around 22:00 P.M. the night before.* Sha Li is corresponding author of this paper.
†These authors contributed equally to this work.
Sha Li conceived the idea, designed and supervised the research. Mohui Yang and Xingli Wang performed the research, conducted the analysis and wrote the paper. Jiabi Ouyang, Zhen Zhang and Yani Tan contributed to data collection and analysis. All authors contributed to the writing and revisions
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