26,642 research outputs found
Transformations in Agriculture and their Implications for Rural Development
Full text linkThe paper reviews the implications for rural development of current transformations in agriculture. It first identifies some of the driving forces - in addition to the impact of rising incomes in some but not all developing countries - behind the transformation process: changing market chains, shifts in public policy, OECD agricultural policies and HIV/AIDS. It then discusses some strategic issues for assisting the rural sector and small farms in developing countries: increasing the productivity of food staples, diversification into higher value products, organizing small farmer for marketing, agricultural services, non-farm opportunities and migration and targeting the vulnerable. It emphasizes the need for integrated interventions if small farm development is to offer a viable pro-poor option for agricultural development.rural development, poverty reduction, agricultural transformation, small farm development, Community/Rural/Urban Development, O10, O13, O18, Q10, Q18,
Strategies for poverty alleviation and sustainable resource management in the fragile lands of Sub-Saharan Africa
No full textPartial contents: Workshop summary / Anna Knox McCulloch [IFPRI staff], Suresh Babu [IFPRI staff], Tidiane Ngaido [IFPRI staff] -- Growth, poverty alleviation, and the environment in the fragile lands of Sub-Saharan Africa / Suresh Babu and Peter Hazell [IFPRI staff] -- Spatial aspects of the design and targeting of development strategies for fragile lands / Stanley Wood [IFPRI staff] ... [et al.] -- The impact of policy reforms and trade liberalization on fragile lands in Sub-Saharan Africa / Awudu Abdulai and Peter Hazell -- Strategies for sustainable agricultural development in the East African highlands / John Pender [IFPRI staff] ... [et al.] -- Property rights institutions for the development of fragile lands / Anna Knox McCulloch and Peter Hazell -- Dambo Irrigation systems: indigenous water management for food security in Zimbabwe / Ruth Meinzen-Dick [IFPRI staff] and Godswill Makombe
the impact of high-yielding rice varieties in South India
No full textAgricultural growth is essential for fostering economic development and feeding growing populations in most developing countries. As land and water become increasingly scarce, this growth will depend more and more on yield-increasing technological changes of the green revolution" type. A major concern is how these technologies will affect the poor. If the poor are left behind and rural inequalities worsen, agricultural growth may fail to achieve its intended objectives... Peter Hazell and C. Ramasamy, along with several associates , find that landless laborers and small-scale farmers gained proportionally as much as large-scale farmers. Despite initial lags in adoption of these varieties by small-scale farmers, virtually all farmers eventually adopted them and significantly increased their productivity." (Excerpts from text)"1 Introduction Peter B. R. Hazell and C. Ramasamy
1 2 North Arcot and the Green Revolution C. Ramasamy, Peter B. R. Hazell, and P. K. Aiyasamy 11
3 Economic Changes among Village Households Peter B. R. Hazell, C. Ramasamy, V. Rajagopalan, P. K. Aiyasamy, and Neat Bliven 29
4 The Green Revolution in North Arcot: Economic Trends, Household Mobility, and the Politics of an "Awkward Class" John Harriss 57
5 The Impact of Technological Change in Rice Production on Food Consumption and Nutrition Per Pinstrup-Andersen and Mauricio Jaramillo 85
6 Population, Employment, and Wages: A Comparative Study of North Arcot Villages, 1973-1983 John Harriss
7 A Social Accounting Matrix of the Regional Economy, 1982/83 Peter B. R. Hazell, C. Ramasamy, V. Rajagopalan, and Ned Bliven 127
8 An Analysis of the Indirect Effects of Agricultural Growth on the Regional Economy Peter B. R. Hazell, C. Ramasamy, and V. Rajagopalan 153
9 The Arni Studies: Changes in the Private Sector of a Market Town, 1973-1983 Barbara Harriss 181
10 Changes in the Provision and Use of Services in the North Arcot Region Sudhir Wanmali 213
11 Conclusions and Policy Implications Peter B. R. Hazell and C. Ramasamy 238
Appendix A: Sources of Growth in the Region's Paddy Production 254
Appendix B: Survey Design 262PRIFPRI1EPT
Lessons from IFPRI Country Programs on Informing Policy Decisions and Strengthening Capacity
No full textPeter Hazell and Frank Place POLICY SEMINAR Lessons from IFPRI Country Programs on Informing Policy Decisions and Strengthening Capacity Co-Organized by IFPRI and the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) MAY 22, 2019 - 12:15 PM TO 01:45 PM ED
Managing droughts in the low-rainfall areas of the Middle East and North Africa:
Full text linkDrought is a recurrent and often devastating threat to the welfare of countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) where three-quarters of the arable land has less than 400 mm of annual rainfall, and the natural grazings, which support a majority of the 290 million ruminant livestock, have less than 200 mm. Its impact has been exacerbated in the last half century by the human population increasing yearly at over 3%, while livestock numbers have risen by 50% over the quinquennium. Virtually no scope exists for further expansion of rainfed farming and very little for irrigation, hence there is competition between mechanized cereal production and grazing in the low rainfall areas, and traditional nomadic systems of drought management through mobility are becoming difficult to maintain. Moreover droughts seem to be increasing in frequency, and their high social, economic, and environmental costs have led governments to intervene with various forms of assistance to farmers and herders, including distribution of subsidized animal feed, rescheduling of loans, investments in water development, and in animal health. In this paper we examine the nature and significance of these measures, both with respect to their immediate benefits and costs to the recipients and to governments, and to their longer term impact on poverty and the environment. We conclude that while they have been valuable in reducing catastrophic losses of livestock and thus alleviating poverty, especially in the low rainfall areas where they are the predominant source of income, continued dependence on these programs has sent inappropriate signals to farmers and herders, leading to moral hazards, unsustainable farming practices, and environmental degradation, while generally benefiting the affluent recipients most.Rainfed farming., Environmental impact analysis., Irrigation., Droughts., Middle East., North Africa.,
Agricultural research and poverty reduction:
Full text linkInternational agricultural research has contributed enormously to increasing world food supplies to their current state of plenty. Yet poverty remains a major problem and the challenge for agricultural research now lies in developing strategies that more explicitly address the needs of the poor. This paper, based on the study commissioned by the Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) of the CGIAR system, addresses this issue. Based on an analysis of the links between agricultural research and poverty alleviation in different types of countries and rural regions, Peter Hazell and Lawrence Haddad identify six key priorities for a pro-poor agricultural research agenda and discuss strategies for achieving each of these goals with the least trade-off in national agricultural growth. (Excerpted from Forward by Per Pinstrup-Andersen and Emil Javier)agricultural research, poverty, food supply,
Author Peter FitzSimons speaking at the National Library of Australia, Canberra, 13 November 2012 /
No full textTitle from acquisitions documentation.; Part of the collection: Portraits of author Peter FitzSimons speaking at the National Library of Australia, Canberra, 13 November 2012.; Acquired in digital format; access copy available online.; Mode of access: Online.; Photographed by a staff member of the National Library of Australia
Prospects for equitable growth in rural sub-Saharan Africa
Full text linkImproving agricultural technology equitably in Africa has been difficult in the past because of the vast differences, as well as weak institutions and infrastructure in its many regions. However, the prospects for equitable growth are good for several reasons. The distribution of land has not deteriorated, and there are few landless people in Africa. Technical packages do not favor large farms over small ones, and Africa's social institutions support people with a safety net for sources of income. The author, however, points out that equitable growth, though possible is not assured and several research and policy initiatives will be needed to capitalize on the potential. First, research must continue to focus on technology appropriate for small farms and crops. Policy makers must no longer withhold assistance from service enterprises or nonfarm activities of women. Rural infrastructure has to be upgraded, and finally, governments will need to monitor land tenure and tenancy.Economic Theory&Research,Agricultural Research,Crops&Crop Management Systems,Environmental Economics&Policies,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems
Monitoring systems for managing natural resources: economics, indicators and environmental externalities in a Costa Rican watershed
Full text linkThe worsening degradation of natural resources urgently requires the adoption of more sustainable management practices. This need has led to growing interest and investment in monitoring systems for tracking the condition of natural resources. This study is concerned with the design of monitoring systems that have direct relevance for the management of natural resources. We call these Policy Relevant Monitoring Systems (PRMS). Such systems have several key characteristics. They provide: a) a decision framework for selecting resource problems to monitor that offer potentially large social payoffs relative to the costs of monitoring, b) timely, including early warning information on emerging problems, c) a means of identifying the causes of an emerging problem, d) an analytical framework for identifying options for corrective action, e) an institutional framework for achieving ownership among key stakeholders (the resource users and those affected by the resource use) and agreement about emerging problems, the corrective actions to take, and effective implementation, and f) a built-in mechanism for learning from past experience to improve the performance of the monitoring system over time. The approach is developed and illustrated through detailed examination of the Arenal-Tempisque watershed in Costa Rica. This watershed exhibits classic multiple user and externality problems: deforestation by dairy and cattle farmers in the upper watershed leads to soil erosion and siltation of the various reservoirs that feed an important hydro-electric power generation system, and agro-chemical use by irrigated farmers has adverse impacts on a highly valued wetlands park and on wildlife and fishing in the lower reaches of the watershed.Natural resources., Environmental degradation., Costa Rica, Watershed management.,
New approaches to crop yield insurance in developing countries:
Full text linkNatural disasters can be extremely disruptive to farmers and to others whose incomes depend on a successful crop. Society can gain from more efficient sharing of crop and natural disaster risks. However, the costs associated with traditional agricultural risk programs have historically exceeded the gains from improved risk sharing. This paper explores government intervention in agricultural risk markets and discusses new approaches to risk sharing with limited government involvement. In particular, we build the case for introducing negotiable state-contingent contracts settled on area crop yield estimates or locally appropriate weather indices. These instruments could replace traditional crop insurance at a lower cost to government while meeting the risk management needs of a wider clientele.Crop yields., Insurance, Agricultural Crops., Developing countries.,
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