75,576 research outputs found
A survey on single and multi omics data mining methods in cancer data classification
No full textData analytics is routinely used to support biomedical research in all areas, with particular focus on the most relevant clinical conditions, such as cancer. Bioinformatics approaches, in particular, have been used to characterize the molecular aspects of diseases. In recent years, numerous studies have been performed on cancer based upon single and multi-omics data. For example, Single-omics-based studies have employed a diverse set of data, such as gene expression, DNA methylation, or miRNA, to name only a few instances. Despite that, a significant part of literature reports studies on gene expression with microarray datasets. Single-omics data have high numbers of attributes and very low sample counts. This characteristic makes them paradigmatic of an under-sampled, small-n large-p machine learning problem. An important goal of single-omics data analysis is to find the most relevant genes, in terms of their potential use in clinics and research, in the batch of available data. This problem has been addressed in gene selection as one of the pre-processing steps in data mining. An analysis that use only one type of data (single-omics) often miss the complexity of the landscape of molecular phenomena underlying the disease. As a result, they provide limited and sometimes poorly reliable information about the disease mechanisms. Therefore, in recent years, researchers have been eager to build models that are more complex, obtaining more reliable results using multi-omics data. However, to achieve this, the most important challenge is data integration. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the challenges in single and multi-omics data analysis of cancer data, focusing on gene selection and data integration methods
Demand Management by Aggregation: The Case of Spare Parts
No full textDemand management is a hierarchical process encompassing various levels of decision making. It spans from inventory control at the individual order line level to strategic planning. Aggregation offers a distinct opportunity to improve demand management practices, which essentially rely upon a combination of information along three dimensions: products, customers and time. Product and customer aggregation have been extensively addressed in the pertinent academic literature and equally considered by practitioners and software package developers. However, neither the time dimension nor the combined effects of aggregation across the three dimensions have been adequately studied and empirical evidence in this area is lacking. In this paper, we consider empirically the effects of aggregation on demand management. An extensive dataset composed of 18,937 series related to 2,422 stock keeping units (SKUs) is utilised for this purpose and the simulation structure allows the assessment of 27 realistic aggregation scenarios. Our work emphasises the case of spare parts where the intermittent nature of demand renders aggregation a natural strategy to reduce dispersion and increase predictability. The results allow insights to be gained on the effects of aggregation and tangible suggestions are being made to demand planners. The implications of this work for the theory and practice of OM are explicitly addressed and we conclude with an extensive discussion on the next steps of research in this are
The Benefits of Being Economics Professor A (and not Z)
No full textAlphabetic name ordering on multi-authored academic papers, which is the convention in the economics discipline and various other disciplines, is to the advantage of people whose last name initials are placed early in the alphabet. As it turns out, Professor A, who has been a first author more often than Professor Z, will have published more articles and experienced afaster growth rate over the course of her career as a result of reputation and visibility. Moreover, authors know that name ordering matters and indeed take ordering seriously: Several characteristics of an author group composition determine the decision to deviate from the default alphabetic name order to a significant extent.performance measurement, incentives, economists, name ordering
Remediation of heavy metals and enhancement of fertilizing potential of a sewage sludge by the synergistic interaction of woodlice and earthworms
No full textWoodlice and the earthworm alone or in combination were used to improve physical properties, nutrient release, and heavy metals stabilization during composting of sewage sludge. Chemical properties of raw sludge (IS) were compared to those of composted sludge (CS), sludge + earthworms (VS), sludge + woodlice (WS), and sludge + earthworms + woodlice (VWS) after 50 and 100 days of composting. Physical properties and heavy metals accumulation by the studied fauna was determined after 100 days of composting. Highest proportions of fine particles, porosity and water holding capacity were in the VWS treatment, electrical conductivity, ash content, inorganic N and the total concentrations of P, K, Ca and Mg increased, whereas the pH value, the organic C, C:N ratio and humic acids content decreased in following order: VWS > VC > WS > CS > IS. Total concentrations of Pb, Cd and Ni in composted sludge were lower whereas concentrations of Zn, Cu and Mn were higher than in raw sludge, and woodlice showed higher bioconcentration factor (BCFs) than earthworm for all heavy metals in all treatments. We concluded that woodlice and earthworms synergistically improved the physicochemical properties of the compost and enhanced its potential use as amendment in agricultural soils
A rare case of empyema necessitatis sustained by Nocardia farcinica in a kidney transplant recipient
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Final word on Jersey Dutch
No full textIn this article, William Z. Shetter compares and contrasts the dialects that developed between different Dutch colonies in the New World. He explores in-depth the nuances of Jersey Dutch, and provides theories to explain how Dutch and colonial languages blended. The article is reprinted from American Speech, December 1958, Volum XXXIII, No. 4
Iron Age in western Iranian Plateau: a Long Debated Question
No full textIn the archaeology of Iron Age in western Iran, there have been various research priorities that are often complex. For example, the issue of the arrival of Iranian-speaking people into northwestern Iran from a geographical, chronological and archaeological point of view has not yet been resolved and the results are uncertain. On the other hand, the relevance of this issue to various causes is still relatively low. Interpretation of the written sources, the assignment of archaeological horizons associated with Iron Age to a particular ethnic group of diverse groups based on written sources in the northwest, such as the Medians, Persians, Saka, Manaeans, Urartians, and other tribes. The dilemma is over. Finally, the existence of certain varieties of pottery in northwestern Iran with different colors, shapes and ornaments has not made it possible to gain a clear picture of the complexity of the situation, despite the extensive research that has been done. There are many different ways to do this. In this article, the authors attempt to examine three main issues of Iron Age archaeology in western Iran: the concept of the Iron Age and its history in the ancient Near East in general, and in particular in Iran, a review of evidence of political presence. And an important ethnic group of ethnic groups present in northwestern Iran during Iron Age
The Early New Persian directional prepositions bāz ‘back to’ and bā ‘towards’
No full textThe article deals with two prepositions endowed with a directional value, bāz and bā, attested in Early New Persian texts of both literary and non-literary character. After a brief review of the main studies concerning the matter, Gilbert Lazard’s position (1963) is discussed, according to whom bāz and bā represent only two forms of the same preposition bā(z), meaning ‘back, back to, re ’. Starting from a review of the examples given by Lazard, and from an analysis of texts published in more recent times, the article aims at demonstrating that the partially homonymous prepositions bāz and bā (the latter with a variant bāz in literary Early New Persian that makes it a partial homonymous of the former) are two different morphemes, having two distinct etymologies and endowed with two opposite directional meanings: ‘back to’, and ‘to(wards)’ respectively; and that the the directional bā ‘to(wards)’is etymologically and semantically connected with the comitative preposition bā ‘with’. The article also puts forward a hypothesis to explain the development of the preposition bāz ‒ only attested in Early New Persian texts ‒ from the adverb and preverb abāz ‘back, again’ of Middle Persian; and touches on the destiny of the directional prepositions bāz and bā, together with another early directional preposition: bē ‘to, towards’, attested in Early Judaeo-Persian texts and in the so-called Qurʾān-i Qud
A Prospective Study on Risk Factors for Acute Kidney Injury and All-Cause Mortality in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients From Tehran (Iran)
No full textBackground: Several reports suggested that acute kidney injury (AKI) is a relatively common occurrence in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, but its prevalence is inconsistently reported across different populations. Moreover, it is unknown whether AKI results from a direct infection of the kidney by SARS-CoV-2 or it is a consequence of the physiologic disturbances and therapies used to treat COVID-19. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of AKI since it varies by geographical settings, time periods, and populations studied and to investigate whether clinical information and laboratory findings collected at hospital admission might influence AKI incidence (and mortality) in a particular point in time during hospitalization for COVID-19.
Methods: Herein we conducted a prospective longitudinal study investigating the prevalence of AKI and associated factors in 997 COVID-19 patients admitted to the Baqiyatallah general hospital of Tehran (Iran), collecting both clinical information and several dates (of: birth; hospital admission; AKI onset; ICU admission; hospital discharge; death). In order to examine how the clinical factors influenced AKI incidence and all-cause mortality during hospitalization, survival analysis using the Cox proportional-hazard models was adopted. Two separate multiple Cox regression models were fitted for each outcome (AKI and death).
Results: In this group of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, the prevalence of AKI was 28.5% and the mortality rate was 19.3%. AKI incidence was significantly enhanced by diabetes, hyperkalemia, higher levels of WBC count, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). COVID-19 patients more likely to die over the course of their hospitalization were those presenting a joint association between ICU admission with either severe COVID-19 or even mild/moderate COVID-19, hypokalemia, and higher levels of BUN, WBC, and LDH measured at hospital admission. Diabetes and comorbidities did not increase the mortality risk among these hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Conclusions: Since the majority of patients developed AKI after ICU referral and 40% of them were admitted to ICU within 2 days since hospital admission, these patients may have been already in critical clinical conditions at admission, despite being affected by a mild/moderate form of COVID-19, suggesting the need of early monitoring of these patients for the onset of eventual systemic complications
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