485 research outputs found
S-Nitrosylation in Organs of Mice Exposed to Low or High Doses of γ-Rays: The Modulating Effect of Iodine Contrast Agent at a Low Radiation Dose
No full textThe covalent addition of nitric oxide (NO•) onto cysteine thiols, or S-nitrosylation, modulates the activity of key signaling proteins. The dysregulation of normal S-nitrosylation contributes to degenerative conditions and to cancer. To gain insight into the biochemical changes induced by low-dose ionizing radiation, we determined global S-nitrosylation by the “biotin switch” assay coupled with mass spectrometry analyses in organs of C57BL/6J mice exposed to acute 0.1 Gy of cesium-137 γ-rays. The dose of radiation was delivered to the whole body in the presence or absence of iopamidol, an iodinated contrast agent used during radiological examinations. To investigate whether similar or distinct nitrosylation patterns are induced following high-dose irradiation, mice were exposed in parallel to acute 4 Gy of cesium-137 γ rays. Analysis of modulated S-nitrosothiols (SNO-proteins) in freshly-harvested organs of animals sacrificed 13 days after irradiation revealed radiation dose- and contrast agent-dependent changes. The major results were as follows: (i) iopamidol alone had significant effects on S-nitrosylation in brain, lung and liver; (ii) relative to the control, exposure to 0.1 Gy without iopamidol resulted in statistically-significant SNO changes in proteins that differ in molecular weight in liver, lung, brain and blood plasma; (iii) iopamidol enhanced the decrease in S-nitrosylation induced by 0.1 Gy in brain; (iv) whereas a decrease in S-nitrosylation occurred at 0.1 Gy for proteins of ~50 kDa in brain and for proteins of ~37 kDa in liver, an increase was detected at 4 Gy in both organs; (v) mass spectrometry analyses of nitrosylated proteins in brain revealed differential modulation of SNO proteins (e.g., sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1; beta tubulins; ADP-ribosylation factor 5) by low- and high-dose irradiation; and (vi) ingenuity pathway analysis identified major signaling networks to be modulated, in particular the neuronal nitric oxide synthase signaling pathway was differentially modulated by low- and high-dose γ-irradiation.Peer reviewe
メゾスコピックケイ ニ オケル リョウシ ショット ザツオン ノ セイミツ ソクテイ
No full text京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(理学)甲第14416号理博第3413号新制||理||1499(附属図書館)UT51-2009-D128.京都大学大学院理学研究科化学専攻(主査)准教授 小林 研介, 教授 島川 祐一, 教授 佐藤 直樹学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of ScienceKyoto UniversityDA
Fractional charge tunneling through a local fractional quantum Hall system measured using cross-correlation noise measurements
No full text
Creation of Fractional Quasiparticles in a Tunneling Process through a Local Fractional Quantum Hall System
No full textCoherent electron splitting in interacting chiral edge channels
No full textThis paper theoretically studies the quantum coherence of an electronic state
on an artificial chiral Tomonaga-Luttinger (TL) liquid. Coulomb interaction
between copropagating integer quantum Hall edge channels causes the TL liquid
nature of charge excitations, resulting in the splitting of an electronic state
into bosonic eigenmodes. We investigate the single-electron coherence under the
splitting process by calculating the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) oscillations in an
electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer employing copropagating spin-up and
spin-down edge channels as the interference paths. We investigate the voltage
bias dependence of the AB oscillations at zero temperature, taking the
inter-channel interaction into account using the bosonization technique. The
calculation results of the visibility and the phase of the AB oscillations show
non-monotonical bias dependence when the copropagating channels are
electrostatically asymmetric. These observations are interpreted as the
signatures of the second-order interference between the fractionalized spin
excitations with different phase evolutions. We also report finite entanglement
entropy between the bosonic eigenmodes split from an electron, which presents
an analogy between the `electron splitting' in a TL liquid and the Cooper-pair
splitting at a superconducting junction.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure
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