55 research outputs found
Penggunaan Bahasa Sunda Sebagai Alat Interaksi Sosial Pada Siswa Sma Yang Berlatar Belakang Sunda: studi deskriptif terhadap penggunaan bahasa sunda di lingkungan SMA Yayasan Atikan Sunda YAS Kota Bandung
No full textBahasa merupakan alat yang sangat penting untuk berkomunikasi ketika terjadi interaksi sosial dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Penggunaan ragam bahasa Sunda secara umum dapat dibedakan menjadi tiga yaitu lemes (halus), loma (akrab) dan garihal (kasar). Penggunaan ragam bahasa Sunda harus diperhatikan ketika berkomunikasi, karena bahasa Sunda mempunyai aturan dan etika berbahasa. Penguasaan dan pemilihan kosakata atau undak usuk basa sunda dalam bahasa Sunda ketika berbicara sangatlah penting, karena berhubungan dengan kualitas bertutur.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penggunaan bahasa Sunda sebagai alat interaksi sosial pada siswa yang berlatar belakang Sunda di lingkungan SMA Yayasan Atikan Sunda (YAS) Kota Bandung, meliputi penggunaan ragam bahasa Sunda pada siswa, faktor-faktor yang menghambat dalam penggunaan bahasa Sunda pada siswa dan upaya-upaya sekolah dalam mempertahankan bahasa Sunda di SMA YAS Bandung. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa, guru dan warga di lingkungan sekolah. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Yayasan Atikan Sunda (YAS) Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode deskriptif, yang menekankan kepada gambaran mengenai hal-hal paling aktual mengenai penggunaan bahasa Sunda yang terjadi di lingkungan sekolah SMA YAS Bandung sesuai kenyataan yang dilihat oleh peneliti. Data dikumpulkan melalui cara wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Langkah-langkah penelitian dengan menentukan metode, jenis data, sumber data, teknik pengumpulan data dan teknik analisis data.
Hasil penelitian mengenai penggunaan bahasa dan ragam bahasa Sunda pada siswa di lingkungan SMA YAS Bandung, dapat dikelompokan menjadi 3 ragam bahasa Sunda, diantaranya: ragam bahasa Sunda halus (lemes), ragam bahasa Sunda akrab (loma) dan ragam bahasa kasar (garihal). Sedangkan faktor yang menjadi penghambaat siswa ketika berkomunikasi dengan bahasa Sunda. Faktor internal meliputi: 1) kurang menguasai kosakata Bahasa Sunda, 2) Sulit membedakan penggunaan undak usuk bahasa Sunda (lemes. loma, garihal), 3) malu dan gengsi berbicara dengan bahasa Sunda. Faktor eksternal diantaranya: 1) tidak dibiasakan menggunakan bahasa Sunda pada lingkungan keluarga, 2) kurang tersedianya fasilitas dan media-media pembelajaran Budaya Sunda, 3) pengaruh media massa dan jejaring sosial. Sedangkan upaya-upaya sekolah dalam mempertahankan bahasa Sunda di SMA Yayasan Atikan Sunda adalah: 1) dilaksanakannya implementasi kurikulum lokal yang dimiliki SMA YAS, 2) melalui pembelajaran mata pelajaran bahasa Sunda di kelas, 3) bahasa Sunda digunakan dalam setiap kegiatan Formal dan Non-Formal di SMA YAS, 5) melalui kegiatan ekstrakurikuler, 6) melaksanakan kegiatan atau kompetisi budaya Sunda.
Language is an important instrument to communicate in daily social interaction. Generally, the use of sundanese could be divided into three points, namely: lemes (refined), loma (intimate) dan garihal (rough). The use of Sundanese variety should be concerned in a conversation, because Sundanese have rules and ethics. The use and selection of Sundanese’s vocabulary in a conversation in important because it is related to the the quality of utterance.
The aim of the study is to discover the use of Sundanese as a social interaction instrument for students with Sundanese background in SMA Yayasan Atikan Sunda (YAS) in Bandung. It is envelop the students’ Sundanese variety, the factors that inhibit the students to use Sundanese and the effort of SMA Yayasan Atikan Sunda (YAS) to maintain the use of Sundanese in school. The study us qualitative approach and descriptive method that emphasize the actual image of the use of Sundanese in SMA Yayasan Atikan Sunda (YAS) based on the factual reality that have been observed by the author of thise study. The data are gathered by interview, observation and documentation study. The steps of data gathering are determine the method, type of data, source, gathering techniques and data analysis techniques.
The result of the Study could be divided into three Sundanese variety, namely: lemes (refined), loma (intimate) dan garihal (rough). The factors that inhibit the students to use Sundanese in daily conversation could be divided into internal and external factors. The internal factors are: 1) the lack of Sundanese vocabulary, 2) the difficulty to differentiate the Sundanese undak usuk (lemes. loma, garihal), 3) Shame to use Sundanese in daily conversation. The external factors are: 1) the family rarely use Sundanese in daily conversation, 2) the lack of facility and media that emphasize the use of Sundanese, 3) the effect of mass media and social media. Last but not least, the effort of SMA Yayasan Atikan Sunda (YAS) are: 1) the implementation of local curriculum by SMA YAS, 2) the study of Sundanese in classes, 3) The use of Sundanese in formal/informal activities in SMA YAS, 4) the use of Sundanese through extra-curricula activity, and 5) implement activities or Sundanese cultural competition
Scale up of allogeneic cell therapy manufacturing in single-use bioreactors: Challenges, insights and solutions
No full textAllogeneic cell therapy products have enormous potential to treat a wide range of unmet medical needs, with various drug candidates getting closer to commercialization. However, the limited manufacturing capacity of 2D planar technology to meet commercial demands could be a potential bottleneck for the future success of the emerging cell therapy industry. With the benefits of high volumetric productivity, operational controllability, and scalability of cell culture processes for therapeutic protein manufacturing, single-use bioreactors are recognized as promising solutions for large-scale manufacturing of cell therapy products. However, cell therapy products have unique bioprocessing requirements that are different from protein manufacturing. Not only is the final product the cell itself, but many cell therapy products are anchorage-dependent and grow on microcarriers or as cell aggregates. These microcarriers and cell aggregates are much larger than free-floating single cells and require comparatively greater power input to be suspended in a bioreactor, which can lead to hydrodynamic sheer stress and damage to cells. While various cell types require different bioreactor processes, a single-use bioreactor with the following capabilities would be greatly beneficial for reliable scale up of cell therapy manufacturing. One capability is to homogeneously and efficiently suspend large particles in a low shear environment. Another is to provide evenly distributed dissipation energy inside the vessel, leading to uniform aggregate size formation. Finally, both of these capabilities should be reproducible at larger volumes so that micro-environments inside the bioreactors are consistent across various working volumes.
A novel, single-use Vertical-Wheel bioreactor system was designed and introduced in an attempt to provide these capabilities. Experiments with various cell types such as human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), and chondrocytes have been performed in different sizes of Vertical-Wheel bioreactors with the following results. Comparable cell growth of MSCs (550,000 to 600,000 cells/mL on day 5) in a xeno-free microcarrier culture was achieved in three different scales of bioreactors (0.1L, 3L, and 15L). After the cell expansion phase, in-vessel cell dissociation from microcarriers using Trypsin was performed in the 15L Vertical-Wheel bioreactors with a greater than 90% harvest yield. Aggregates of ESCs grown in 0.5L Vertical-Wheel bioreactors were shown to be more uniform in size compared to aggregates grown in stirred-type spinner flasks. Furthermore, the narrow range of aggregate sizes (150-250 microns) after three days of cultivation in 0.5L Vertical-Wheel bioreactors was reproduced at larger 3L scale. The size of PSC aggregates could also be controlled by adjusting agitation rate, with higher speeds resulting in smaller aggregates and lower speeds in larger aggregates. In addition, pluripotency of PSC aggregates was maintained after cell expansion, as indicated by specific surface marker identifiers. Directed differentiation of PSCs in a single-use bioreactor is another important challenge of manufacturing scale up. Vertical-Wheel bioreactors have been used to successfully differentiate PSCs into different types of target cells, such as insulin-producing SC-islets or cerebellar organoids.
In order for single-use bioreactors to become the standard manufacturing platform for cell therapy products, an ideal bioreactor system should be able to deliver highly productive, reliable, and reproducible cell culture performance at commercial scale. Further details regarding manufacturing challenges and experimental data will be discussed in this presentation
Human pluripotent stem cell expansion in vertical-wheel bioreactors
No full textHuman induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) have been regarded as an enormous breakthrough for medicine, since they can be derived from patients and be used to generate virtually all types of cells in the human body. One of the great bottlenecks in the usage of these cells for regenerative medicine or drug discovery applications is their expansion to relevant quantities. The Vertical-Wheel Bioreactors (PBS Biotech) present a novel scalable bioreactor configuration, whose agitation mechanism allows for homogeneous mixing conditions inside the single-use vessel, while conveying less shear stress to the cells when compared to traditional alternatives. These characteristics are advantageous for hiPSC expansion and thus, in this work, hiPSC were expanded in the Vertical-Wheel Bioreactor using different strategies, namely culturing the cells 1) on microcarriers and 2) as floating aggregates.
In the first approach, cells were cultured under xeno-free conditions, using the Essential 8 medium together with microcarriers and coatings devoid of any animal-derived products [1]. The culture conditions were optimized in terms of initial cell/microcarrier ratio, inoculation method and agitation rate, in the PBS 0.1 vessel (working volume: 80 mL). The cells were successfully expanded, maintaining a normal karyotype, up to a 6.7-fold increase in cell number, after 6 days. These optimized culture conditions were successfully repeated in a larger vessel, the PBS 0.5 (300 mL working volume) demonstrating the scalability of the Vertical-Wheel system.
In the second approach, hiPSC were expanded as floating aggregates, a methodology which does not require a separation step at the end of culture, to remove microcarriers, facilitating the downstream processing and Good Manufacturing Practice-compliance of the process. Cells were cultured in the PBS 0.1 (working volume: 60 mL), using mTeSR1, a serum-free medium and were monitored throughout culture regarding growth kinetics, aggregate size distribution and expression of pluripotency markers. The Vertical-Wheel Bioreactors were shown to efficiently keep the cell aggregates in suspension, under lower linear agitation speeds than an equivalent volume spinner flask (7 cm/s vs. 13 cm/s). Following 7 days of culture, cells were expanded up to a 5.2 ± 0.6-fold increase in cell number. The hiPSC aggregates increased in size over time, from an average diameter of 135 ± 61 µm to 397 ± 119 µm after 7 days. Pluripotency was maintained throughout time, as assessed by sustained high (\u3e 80%) expression of pluripotency markers OCT4, SOX2 and TRA-1-60, and low (\u3c 10%) expression of early differentiation marker SSEA-1. The results were validated using a second hiPSC line.
This study revealed that the Vertical-Wheel Bioreactor allows hiPSC growth either on microcarriers and as aggregates and suggested it to have advantages versus other configurations. These results make the Vertical-Wheel Bioreactor a promising platform for hiPSC expansion and, prospectively, differentiation approaches, contributing for the generation of bona fide cells for various biomedical applications, namely drug screening, disease modelling, and, ultimately, for Regenerative Medicine.
[1] Rodrigues CAV, Silva TP, Nogueira DES, Fernandes TG, Hashimura Y, Wesselschmidt R, Diogo MM, Lee B, Cabral JMS (2018), “Scalable Culture Of Human Induced Pluripotent Cells On Microcarriers Under Xeno‐Free Conditions Using Single‐Use Vertical‐Wheel™ Bioreactors”, Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, DOI: 10.1002/jctb.573
A detailed investigation of electronic and optical properties of single exciton in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs/AlyGa1-yAs multi-shell quantum dot
No full textThe fundamental quantum mechanical properties of quantum dots (QDs), such as energy levels and corresponding wave functions, have important effects on characteristics of hi-tech electro-optical nano devices. The quantum mechanical properties of QDs are determined via the material content, shape and size of the structures. In this study, the electronic and interband optical properties of GaAs / Al(x)GA(1-x)As / GaAs / AlyGa1-yAs multi-shell quantum dot (MSQD) heterostructures as a function of the Al concentrations both in the interior (x) and in the exterior (y) barrier regions have been investigated theoretically for different sizes of core, barrier and well regions. For this purpose, Poisson and Schrodinger equations have been solved numerically by a self-consistent approach. Results of our calculations show that the electronic and optical properties of MSQDs can be changed effectively and this controllability makes them excellent candidates for new generation devices.Selcuk University BAP officeSelcuk UniversityThis work is partially supported by Selcuk University BAP office. The author would like to thank Yalcin Yilmaz for helping in the writing of this paper. And The author also owes thanks to Ulfet Atav and Mehmet Sahin for both their help and valuable comments in the writing of this paper
The terms “Cold War” and “Second Cold War” in the light of contemporary socio-humanities: an encyclopedic perspective
No full textThis article explores the evolving meanings of the terms "Cold War" and "Second/New Cold War" within contemporary socio-humanities. It argues that the ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war has introduced new cognitive challenges and issues, necessitating a rethinking of historical experience and a revival of traditional research strategies. This war has also led to a new global confrontation, with many countries indirectly involved. The term “Second Cold War” has become a prevalent descriptor for this global conflict, representing an attempt to extrapolate the bipolar confrontation of 1946–1989 to the present day. The article emphasizes that the term “Second Cold War” reflects a distinctive socio-humanitarian trend in which modern militarized realities are perceived as a “return of history” to the global and "post-historical" world. However, the term "Second/New Cold War" remains a derivative concept with vague content, generating various interpretations in different studies. The author suggests that the secondary nature of this term complicates its representation in traditional, paper-based encyclopedias and dictionaries. Given the rapid evolution of its meaning and usage, frequent updates to encyclopedia entries are necessary. Furthermore, the contemporary cognitive landscape of extreme militarized modernity encourages the expansion of online resources within the framework of national (Ukrainian) encyclopedism
THE ALGORITHM FOR DECISSION OF CONTROL SYSTEM SYNTHESIS PROBLEM BY THE ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS’ METHOD
No full textIn the presented article analytical methods of the solution of a task synthesis in a control system are stated. The author considers a neural network of Kokhonen which belongs to the class of networks of direct distribution. It has the only hidden layer of neurons presented in the form of a one-dimensional or two-dimensional lattice. By the author it is presented that the mechanism of cooperation realizes the principle according to which the most excited neuron strengthens (through synoptic weight) not only itself, but also spatially neurons, close to it.Article purpose - analytical methods of the solution of a problem of synthesis in a control system
Integrated Army Meteorological Wind-tunnel Research Program: first quarterly progress report on grant DA-AMC-28-043-G20
No full textCER65JEC-YAS-EJP-GB-30.1 May 1965 - 31 July 1965.Includes bibliographical references.Prepared by the Staff of the Fluid Dynamics and Diffusion Laboratory College of Engineering.Under grant DA-AMC-28-043-G20
The sensitivity enhancement of TiO<sub>2</sub>-based VOCs sensor decorated by gold at room temperature
No full textDetection of hazardous toxic gases for air pollution monitoring and medical diagnosis has attracted the attention of researchers in order to realize sufficiently sensitive gas sensors. In this paper, we fabricated and characterized a Titanium dioxide (TiO2)-based gas sensor enhanced using the gold nanoparticles. Thermal oxidation and sputter deposition methods were used to synthesize fabricated gas sensor. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to determine the anatase structure of TiO2samples. It was found that the presence of gold nanoparticles on the surface of TiO2enhances the sensitivity response of gas sensors by up to about 40%. The fabricated gas sensor showed a sensitivity of 1.1, 1.07 and 1.03 to 50 ppm of acetone, methanol and ethanol vapors at room temperature, respectively. Additionally, the gold nanoparticles reduce 50 s of response time (about 50% reduction) in the presence of 50 ppm ethanol vapor; and we demonstrated that the recovery time of the gold decorated TiO2sensor is less than 40 s. Moreover, we explain that the improved performance depends on the adsorption-desorption mechanism, and the chemical sensitization and electronic sensitization of gold nanoparticles.Electronic Components, Technology and Material
An edition of the Coucher Book and charters of Bolton Priory (Yorkshire)
No full textThis thesis contains an edition of the Coucher Book of Bolton Priory, an Augustinian house in Yorkshire, together with edited sections of Dodsworth MS 144, like the Coucher Book, a copy of the lost cartulary, and a number of original charters. These documents have been edited in full, with each being preceded by a caption in English together with a date and references to other copies. The edition of the Coucher Book contains notes as to where those sections believed to have been omitted from the cartulary are located in Dodsworth NIS 144. The chapters which precede the edition are intended to give some context to the edition, as well as a brief examination of its contents. The first chapter contains a short history of the Augustinian Order, its development in England, and how Bolton Priory fits into this scheme. Chapter two is concerned with the patrons and benefactors of the priory. It is divided into two sections: the first examines the founders and patrons of the priory and their descendants, whilst the second explores the non-patronal benefactors of the house, with a brief analysis of several of the families who were connected from an early date with the priory, as well as the extent of their support and their motives. The third chapter investigates the estates of the priory and their development. Temporal property is examined first, focussing upon the various types of property acquired, together with its location, and methods of acquisition, and then spiritualities: those churches in which the canons acquired an interest, and to what extent as well as how this was acquired. Finally chapter four examines the lost cartulary and the Coucher Book, exploring their administrative histories, as well as a brief analysis of the charters of the founders and others
Engineering characterization of a versatile vertical-wheel bioreactor for cell and gene therapy
No full textAn ideal, versatile bioreactor for cell and gene therapy should be capable of growing cells across a range of formats, such as freely floating in suspension, in aggregates of various target sizes, and also on porous or solid carriers of various sizes. It should work well with cells and multi-cellular structures that are particularly shear sensitive. Ideally, it should be a well-mixed vessel with a homogenous culture environment. To achieve these low shear and mixing objectives, the bioreactor should be capable of suspending aggregates and solid carriers, as well as provide good mixing, at low power inputs per volume. Furthermore, in order to harvest attached cells when needed, it should also be capable of rapidly applying a uniform target high shear environment to viably remove cells from solid carriers. To achieve these objectives, a single-use bioreactor system using an innovative Vertical-Wheel technology has been developed. The first design hypothesis was that a large vertical wheel, when rotated at relatively close clearance to a circular tank bottom, could provide homogeneous liquid mixing, as well as uniform suspension of solid carriers or cellular aggregates, at lower power input per volume than traditional stirred tanks. The second design hypothesis was that the same vertical wheel design could be used to viably harvest cells from solid carriers by simply turning up the rotation speed to a target level for a short period of time. In this talk, we present data directly testing both of these hypotheses. Experimental data will be presented showing the measured power curves for the novel vertical wheel design, as well as the resulting power levels required to achieve uniform fluid mixing and suspension of solid microcarriers across a range of scales, from 0.5 liters to 80 liters. Data will also be shown regarding the ability of this system to viably harvest cells from solid microcarriers. Data regarding the performance of this system for the culture of several different cell types is presented as part of other talks and posters at this conference. In summary, clear evidence will be presented on whether Vertical-Wheel technology provides the most ideal, versatile bioreactor for cell and gene therapy applications
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