32 research outputs found
Breathing Clean Air: Navigating Indoor Air Purification Techniques and Finding the Ideal Solution
No full textThe prevalence of airborne pathogens in indoor environments presents significant health risks due to prolonged human occupancy. This review addresses diverse air purification systems to combat airborne pathogens and the factors influencing their efficacy. Indoor aerosols, including bioaerosols, harbor biological contaminants from respiratory emissions, highlighting the need for efficient air disinfection strategies. The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the dangers of airborne transmission, highlighting the importance of comprehending how pathogens spread indoors. Various pathogens, from viruses like SARS-CoV-2 to bacteria like Mycobacterium (My) tuberculosis, exploit unique respiratory microenvironments for transmission, necessitating targeted air purification solutions. Air disinfection methods encompass strategies to reduce aerosol concentration and inactivate viable bioaerosols. Techniques like ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), photocatalytic oxidation (PCO), filters, and unipolar ion emission are explored for their specific roles in mitigating airborne pathogens. This review examines air purification systems, detailing their operational principles, advantages, and limitations. Moreover, it elucidates key factors influencing system performance. In conclusion, this review aims to provide practical knowledge to professionals involved in indoor air quality management, enabling informed decisions for deploying efficient air purification strategies to safeguard public health in indoor environments.This research was funded by Qatar Petroleum grant number QPH3P-BRC-2021-604, and the same grant funded the APC
oral insulin nanoparticle based on PLGA and PEG
No full textthe project contain:
- data sets
- Ethical approval
- The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: author checklist
- figures 1-3
- Flow char
Risk Management Assessments and Recommendations Among Students, Staffs, and Health Care Workers in Educational Biomedical Laboratories.
No full textSafety in laboratories is one of the most crucial topics for all educational institutes. All-hazards need to be identified, evaluated, and controlled whenever possible, following the risk management (RM) process. This study evaluates two academic laboratories' risks and safety in the Department of Biomedical Science (BMS) at Qatar University (QU). The goal is to eliminate or reduce any risks to the students, teaching assistants, laboratory technicians, faculties, and other related workers, following an RM process. A cross-sectional study was performed from January to March 2020 in the BMS at QU. The study sample comprised of microbiology and hematology laboratories. Checklists and data collection sheets were used for data collection. Hazard evaluation failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) was used. The risk priority number (RPN) was calculated for all the identified hazards. For hazard control, the hierarchy of controls was followed. The number of identified hazards was thirteen (n=13) in the hematology laboratory and sixteen (n=16) in the microbiology laboratory. Chemical and ergonomic hazards had the highest percentages in both laboratories, with 25% in the microbiology laboratory and 31% in the hematology laboratory. Both laboratories were free from radiation hazards. There is a significant difference between adopted and recommended control measures in each laboratory in terms of likelihood, severity, and risk priority number (RPN). Both chemical and ergonomic hazards account for almost a quarter of the hazards in both laboratories. The recommended control measure can decrease the severity and likelihood of identified hazards
Comparison between integer splitting cipher and traditional substitution ciphers, based on modular arithmetic
No full textThe integer splitting cipher is a special mathematical method that is proposed by the author and it can be considered as a generalization of modular arithmetic operation. In this cipher, each plaintext character is replaced on the base of another integer number with a sequence of k integers (k-splitting level) by the usage of modular arithmetic, so this cipher can be classified under substitution ciphers that are used the modular arithmetic during the encryption process. In this article the main differences among splitting cipher and four traditional substitution ciphers, which are Caesar, Vigen re, Affine and Hill, will be listed and as a conclusion we can notice that the splitting method complicate the statistical and semantic restoration of the plaintext from the point view of an unauthorized user. Furthermore, the decryption process of the splitting cipher meets the goal of Chinese reminder theorem, which states that it can recover an integer from a unique set of its residues modulo, so a comparison is conducted to show the main differences between the integer splitting theories and the Chinese remainder theorem. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
The effectiveness of symbolic integer splitting method over both synchronous stream ciphers and perfectly secret ciphers
No full textSynchronous stream ciphers are classified up to the used keystream into two types: either to the synchronous ciphers that are used pseudorandom keystreams, or to the perfectly-secret ciphers that are used truly random keystreams; each of these classifications has its disadvantages, so the necessity to find a method that belongs to the synchronous stream ciphers and overcomes their disadvantages is required. In this article, the author proposes a method to satisfy this purpose; the proposed method is called symbolic integer splitting method and it is a mathematical method for representing an integer in form of a certain sequence of integers by using the modular arithmetic operation. Also this method can be classified under perfectly-secret ciphers because it satisfies asymptotic secrecy under a certain condition. The new scientific results are conducted as the ability of this method to success in dealing with the disadvantages of both the traditional synchronous stream ciphers and perfectly-secret ones, likes: insecure protection of information, hide the information about the length of original message from the cryptanalyst, no need to use each gamma only once, not expensive in terms of required resources to store gammas. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
On Text Interpretation, Summary Production, and Pragmatic Fatigue in EAP Written Discourse
No full textThe intent of this interdiscursive endeavor is to argue that EAP text interpretation (reading) and production (writing) can be effectively integrated through the task of summary writing (SW), which academically-oriented students must be able to perform. A discourse-level error analysis enabled us to focus on various features of the summaries which, taken together, indicate how well the (SW) class students had mastered both the goals of text interpretation and the conventions of summary writing, the identification of superordinate and subordinate points, the inclusion of an opening statement of the gist of the primary text, explicit reference to the primary author and text, and successful paraphrasing and representation of substantial claims without pragmatic failure or cross-cultural fatigue. It is a pragmatic feasibility to teach EAP students to be discourse analysts to the extent required by this discourse relevant task, and by learning to do such analysis, they can, in psycholinguistic coinage, integrate formative techniques of comprehension by production and summative techniques of production by comprehension.</jats:p
Urine tests for diagnosis of infectious diseases and antibiotic –resistant pathogens
No full textThe relation between disease and urine was recognized by physicians since the earliest civilization BC. Urine is considered an ideal diagnostic specimen for its noninvasive and easy method of collection. Urinalysis encompasses a wide range of tests, which includes a variety of chemical tests, urine microscopy, bacterial cultures, and molecular tests. Importantly, urine tests can diagnose patients with antibiotic-resistant urinary tract infections (UTI), directly from urine and/or bacterial culture. This chapter summarizes the most common urine tests in the infectious disease field, with a special focus on diagnosing UTI and characterizing their antibiotic-resistant. In addition to describing the advantages and limitations of these tests, the chapter explores the promising emerging technologies and methods in this field. This chapter is beneficial for scientists and healthcare workers in the field.Biomedical Research Centr
Naked Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer Nanoparticles Exhibit Intrinsic Embryotoxicity During the Early Stages of Normal Development.
No full textTo investigate the impact of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAMs) in the embryo, we explored the outcome of different generations (G₄ and G) on the early stages of embryogenesis using the chicken embryo as a model. We also monitored their effect on angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Our data revealed that cationic PAMAMs provoke substantial embryotoxicity, as they significantly induce death (up to 50%, p < 0 05) and inhibit angiogenesis of the CAM (up to 30%, p < 0 05) in a generation-dependent manner in comparison to controls and other types of PAMAMs (anionic and neutral). Moreover, cationic PAMAMs alter the expression of genes related to cell survival, cell cycle, proliferation, transcription factor, apoptosis, and angiogenesis, as shown by RT-PCR analysis. Our data suggest that PAMAM dendrimers exhibit intrinsic toxicity in embryos at the early stages and inhibits angiogenesis of the CAM. Thus, future studies are necessary to illustrate the exact mechanism of PAMAM dendrimers in embryotoxicity
Mathematics teachers’ practices in light of the effective teaching practices
No full textRecognising the pivotal role of effective teaching practices in enhancing student learning outcomes, the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) has outlined a comprehensive framework of key strategies. However, empirical research on these practices remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the extent to which mathematics teachers apply NCTM-identified effective teaching practices and examine potential differences attributable to teachers' gender and teaching experience. Adopting a quantitative approach and employing a descriptive survey, the study systematically assessed eight designated practices using a validated observation checklist in the Jazan Education Administration, observing 38 mathematics teachers during routine classes. The results indicated a moderate level of implementation overall, with ten practices demonstrating high application. Statistical analyses found no significant differences in practice implementation based on gender or teaching experience at the .05 level. The limitations included the study's relatively small sample size, potentially limiting generalisability, and the observational nature of the checklist, which may not fully capture nuanced teaching dynamics. Future research could focus on developing training initiatives to enhance educators' application of NCTM-recommended practices and undertake qualitative inquiries to understand barriers to integration and teachers' attitudes towards these practices. Finally, this study contributes to the discourse on effective mathematics teaching by providing empirical insights into current practices and highlighting avenues for further investigation and professional development in educational settings
Effects of neratinib on angiogenesis and the early stage of the embryo using chicken embryo as a model.
No full textAngiogenesis is the process of forming new blood capillaries from pre-existing vessels. Even though it is essential during normal development, it plays a major role in cancer progression. Neratinib is a pan-human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) inhibitor that has recently been approved for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. However, its effects on angiogenesis and embryogenesis remain unknown. This study examined the antiangiogenic effects of neratinib using the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chicken embryos. We also evaluated neratinib's toxicity during the early stages of normal development using the chicken embryos, primary embryonic fibroblasts (EFBs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Our findings revealed that neratinib significantly inhibited the CAM angiogenesis compared to controls by reducing vessel percentage area and the average vessel length. Furthermore, neratinib downregulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key mediator of angiogenesis. At lower concentrations, neratinib was well-tolerated during early stages of normal development. Additionally, EFBs treated with neratinib showed no morphological or viability changes when compared to controls. However, at the highest concentration tested, neratinib treatment reduced HUVEC cell viability. This effect may be associated with the dysregulation of key apoptotic genes, including caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) gene. Our findings indicate a novel potential application of neratinib as an antiangiogenic agent, exhibiting tolerable toxicity in the early stages of embryogenesis.ThisresearchwasfundedbyQatarUniversity[QUCP-CMED-2021-1] and Qatar National Research Fund [ECRA03-003-3-002]
