57,277 research outputs found
REKONSTRUKSI US}U>>L AL-FIQH MUHAMMAD HASHIM KAMALI
No full textThe science of us {u> l al-Fiqh as a theory of Islamic law in its development at this time continues to be made efforts to improve by experts, both in terms of the formation of the appearance of the theory chart to the basic concepts of thought. Muhammad Hashim Kamali is one of the figures recognized as having new ideas in reconstructing Islamic legal theory. Kamali offers the chart design of us {u> l al-Fiqh by combining two approaches, namely the doctriner-normative approach and the empirical-historical approach. The doctrinaire-normative approach is the basic concept of us {u> l al-Fiqh as it is directed in the discourse of classical ulama thought. While the empirical-historical approach is a new format that has become a trend of study in the contemporary era. From the research the authors conclude that basically the Kamali formula theory design displays the reconstruction of us {u> l al-Fiqh in a simplified style of normative materials of us {u> l al-Fiqh accompanied by the appearance of new formations and actual explanations. Reconstruction of this model can be a reference in efforts to restore the main function of us {u> l al-Fiqh as an applicable Islamic legal theory
A cross-sectional analysis of ex-smokers and characteristics associated with quitting smoking: The Polish Norwegian Study (PONS)
No full textTobacco smoking remains a number one preventable risk factor of premature death worldwide. Findings of recent research show concurrent trends of lung cancer deaths in males and females in Europe. Although lung cancer death rates are consistently decreasing in male population, in women an upward trend is observed. The burden of tobacco-related harm can be prevented by smoking cessation. The main goal of this analysis is to identify the crucial correlates of successful smoking cessation in the middle-aged Polish population. The data came from 13 172 survey participants south-eastern part of Poland as part of the PONS cohort study established in 2010. A total of 6998 records of those who were either ex-smokers or current smokers at baseline were analyzed. We applied logistic regression and adjusted for sociodemographic covariates and health determinants. Characteristics related to being an ex-smoker as opposed to a current smoker included: older age [men: odds ratio (OR)=1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.01-1.05; women: OR=1.05, 95% CI=1.03-1.07], being married or living together, having secondary (OR=1.51, 95% CI=1.14-1.99) or higher (OR=2.30, 95% CI=1.75-3.18) education (women), full-time employment (men), alcohol consumer (women), being overweight (men: OR=2.85, 95% CI=2.26-3.59; women: OR=1.60, 95% CI=1.36-1.87) or obese (men: OR=3.47, 95% CI=2.67-4.51; women: OR=2.99, 95% CI=2.45-3.65), having normal fasting glucose and cholesterol blood level without any treatment (women), assessing their own health highly (9-10, on the scale from 1 to 10) and having at least one accompanying chronic disease (women, OR=1.25, 95% CI=1.07-1.45). These findings provide valuable information on characteristics of ex-smokers as well as behavioral and sociodemographic predictors of successful cessation. Such data expand our knowledge and can be used to design a more comprehensive and targeted group-specific tobacco control policy focused on increasing the number of ex-smokers
Video interview with author and manuscript owner Professor Sa’adiya Omar
No full textFieldwork Team: Dr. Mustapha Hashim Kurfi (Principal Investigator), Hauwa Usman (Local Project Manager), Alhaji Abubakar Maikudi Aishat (General Field Facilitator). Technical Team: Prof. Fallou Ngom (Project Director and former Director of the African Studies Center), and Eleni Castrol (Technical Lead, BU Libraries). These collections on Gender in Nigerian Ajami Manuscripts are copied as part of the African Studies Center’s African Ajami Library. Access Condition and Copyright: These materials are subject to copyright. All rights reserved to the author. For use, distribution or reproduction contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). Required Citation: Kurfi, M. H., Hauwa U., Ngom, F., and Castro, E. (2020). African Ajami Library: Gender in Nigerian Ajami Manuscripts. Boston: Boston University Libraries: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/41953. For Inquiries: Please Contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]).Video interview with author and manuscript owner Professor Sa’adiya Omar. Professor Sa’adiya Omar, the most celebrated author of women in the Sokoto Caliphate of Northern Nigeria. Professor Sa’adiya currently occupies the position of Nana Asma’u and Modibbo Kilo, the leaders of the Yantaru movement, i.e. Uwartaru (the Mother of the Yantaru). Equally, she had served as the National Amirah (President) of the largest Muslim umbrella organization in Nigeria – Federation of Muslim Women’s Associations in Nigeria (FOMWAN). As at the present, she serves in many capacities and is a member of various Islamic committees in Sokoto state and in Nigeria in general
A Dynamic Subfilter-scale Stress Model for Large Eddy Simulations Based on Physical Flow Scales
No full textWe propose a new definition of the length scale in an eddy-viscosity model for large-eddy simulations (LES). This formulation extends and generalizes a previous proposal [Piomelli, Rouhi and Geurts, Proc. ETMM10, 2014], in which the LES length scale was expressed in terms of the integral length-scale of turbulence determined by the flow characteristics and explicitly decoupled from the simulation grid; this approach was named Integral Length-Scale Approximation (ILSA). As in the original ILSA, the model coefficient was determined by the user, and required to maintain a desired contribution of the unresolved, subfilter scales (SFS) to the global transport. We propose a local formulation (local ILSA) in which the model coefficient is local in space, allowing a precise control over SFS activity as a function of location. This new formulation preserves the properties of the global model; application to channel flow and backward-facing step verifies its features and accuracy
Large-eddy simulation of a separated flow with a sub-filter scale model based on the integral length-scale
No full textA new sub-filter scale model for large-eddy simulations, which uses a length-scale proportional to the integral scale of the turbulence instead of the grid resolution to parametrize the modelled stresses, will be assessed in the prediction of the flow of a boundary-layer over a rough surface, which includes separation and reattachment
Near Wall PIV-Measurements on the Windward Slope of a Hill
No full textThe turbulent flow over periodic hills was measured near to the wall, using planar Particle-Image-Velocimetry (PIV) at high spatial resolution. Our focus is on the near wall turbulence structure on the windward slope of the hill. For large-eddy simulation (LES) we suspect that, if this was not predicted accurately, it affects the prediction of the velocity profiles over the hill crest which in turn will affect the recirculation length downstream of the hill. Regarding the time averaged velocities, we were able to resolve the linear viscous region of the boundary layer. The velocity distribution and also the Reynolds stress does not comply with the law of the wall as it is valid for a turbulent boundary layer at equilibrium
Energy dissipation and flux laws for unsteady turbulence
No full textDirect Numerical Simulations of spatially periodic unsteady turbulence show that the high Reynolds number scalings of the instantaneous energy dissipation rate and interscale energy flux at intermediate wavenumbers are qualitatively different from the well-known cornerstone scalings of equilibrium turbulence where and are time-dependent rms velocity and integral length-scales. Instead, they both scale as where and are length and velocity scales characterizing initial/overall unsteady turbulence conditions
Direct numerical simulation of turbulent Couette-Poiseuille flow with zero skin friction
No full textThe near-wall scaling of mean velocity U(y) is addressed for the case of zero skin friction on one wall of a fully turbulent channel flow. The present DNS results can be added to the evidence in support of the conjecture that U is proportional to √yw in the region just above the wall at which the mean shear dU/dy = 0
Real-space Manifestations of Bottlenecks in Turbulence Spectra
No full textAn energy-spectrum bottleneck, a bump in the turbulence spectrum between the inertial and dissipation ranges, is shown to occur in the non-turbulent, one-dimensional, hyperviscous Burgers equation and found to be the Fourier-space signature of oscillations in the real-space velocity, which are explained by boundary-layer-expansion techniques. Pseudospectral simulations are used to show that such oscillations occur in velocity correlation functions in one- and three-dimensional hyperviscous hydrodynamical equations that display genuine turbulence
Braid Entropy of Faraday Waves driven 2D Turbulence
No full textWe report new experimental results that use tools from braid theory to characterize two-dimensional turbulent flows driven by Faraday waves. The average topological length of the material fluid lines is found to grow exponentially with time. It allows us to compute the braid’s topological entropy SBraid. We show that SBraid increases as the square root of the turbulence kinetic energy E ~ u^2, where u^2 is the horizontal velocity variance . At long times, the PDFs of Lbraid are positively skewed and present strong exponential tails
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