180,137 research outputs found
2D simulation of transient enhanced boron out-diffusion from the base of a SiGe HBT due to an extrinsic base implant
No full textTransient enhanced diffusion of boron in SiGe HBTs is studied by comparing measurements of the temperature dependence of the collector current with the predictions of 2D process and device simulations. The collector current is chosen for modelling because it is extremely sensitive to very small amounts of out-diffusion from the SiGe base, and hence provides a rigorous test for the accuracy of the transient enhanced diffusion models. The SiGe HBT studied incorporates an ion implanted extrinsic base adjacent to the SiGe base, which allows the influence of the implantation damage on the boron diffusion to be studied. The process simulations show that point defects generated by the extrinsic base implant lead to a broadening of the basewidth around the perimeter of the emitter due to transient enhanced diffusion of boron from the SiGe base. This causes parasitic energy barriers to form, which in the worst case, extend laterally several microns from the edge of the extrinsic base. The electrical effect of the transient enhanced diffusion is a decrease in collector current as the emitter geometry is reduced. Transistors with different emitter geometries and undoped SiGe spacer thicknesses are studied and the collector/base reverse bias is varied to modulate the parasitic energy barrier at the collector/base junction. The trends in the measured collector current are in all cases well predicted by a simplified "plus one" transient enhanced diffusion model
Computer simulation study of a nematogenic lattice model based on the Nehring-Saupe interaction potential
No full textAn analysis of the relationship between the international economic-legal regime and the achievement of balanced and stable growth through the international economic cycle
No full textThe global economy is controlled by an 'international economic–legal regime' (hereinafter
"IELR"), in which international economic institutions (hereinafter "IEIs") are the major nonstate
actors. They provide the rules of the game for the interaction of the States in an
international economic scenario. These IEIs, through their institutional capacity, enhance
certainty and predictability within the IELR, thereby passively supporting stable and a balanced
growth of global economy.
This thesis argues that opportunities to achieve stable and balanced growth, in which both the
financial and the real side of the economy grow, can be improved if the IEIs increase their focus
on the relationship between the Economic Cycle and the IEIs' institutional role. This argument
is developed by analysing the relationship between the IEIs' institutional role and the Economic
Cycle, first describing the Economic Cycle, and then clarifying the functioning of the IEIs in
their institutional role. To narrow the scope of this research, this thesis takes two IEIs as case
studies; namely, the IMF and the WTO
Computer simulation studies of anisotropic systems; XVIII Re-entrant phase separation in nematogenic mixtures of cylindrical and spherical particles
No full textComputer simulation studies of anisotropic systems; XIII: the orientational ordering of biaxial particles dissolved in a nematic liquid crystal
No full textComputer simulation studies of anisotropic systems; XII: mixtures of rods and plates - a biaxial nematic?
No full textComputer-simulation studies of anisotropic systems. Part XXIV.-Constant-pressure investigations of the smectic B phase of the Gay-Berne mesogen
No full textComputer simulation studies of anisotropic systems; XIV: binary mixtures of liquid crystals
No full textAppropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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