92 research outputs found
Hasan Baktır Hasan Baktır Representation of the Ottoman orient in Eighteenth Century English Literature Ottoman Society and Culture in Pseudo oriental Letters Oriental Tales and Travel Literature
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18 YÜZYIL İNGİLİZ ŞARKİYATÇILIĞINA YENİ BİR BAKIŞ
No full text Özet18. Yüzyıl İngiliz Edebiyatı’nda Osmanlı Doğu dünyasına karşı artan bir ilgi vardır. Bu dönemde sadece Osmanlı-Doğu dünyasını ele alan yeni bazı yazın türleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Sözde-doğu mektupları ve doğu hikâyeleri olarak tanımlanan bu yeni türler geleneksel şarkiyatçı yaklaşıma meydan okuyan yeni bir şarkiyatçı bakış açısı ortaya koyar. Sözde-doğu mektupları İtalyan yazar Jean Paulo Marana’nın 1684 yılında basılan Türk Casusu ile ün kazanmış ve Avrupalı yazarlar tarafından taklit edilmiştir. Fransa’da Montesquieu, İran Mektupları (1721) ile, İngiltere’de Oliver Goldsmith Citizen of the World (1728) ile bu yeni türü kendilerine uyarlamışlardır. Sözde-doğu Mektuplarında anlatıcının kullandığı maske, yazarın kimliğini de gizlemiştir. Bu sayede metnin gerçek yazarı uzak bir bakış açısı kullanarak siyasi ve sosyal yozlaşmaları özgürce eleştirebilmiştir. Bu türden sonra İngiliz yazarların Osmanlı-doğu dünyasına olan ilgisi Binbir Gece Masalları’nın çevirisi ile birlikte artarak devam etmiştir. Dönemin önemli yazarları konusu veya bağlamı doğu olan hikâyeler yazdılar. Örneğin, Samuel Johnson bunlardan bir tanesidir. Bu türlerin Doğu dünyasını daha detaylı ve yakından yansıtması sayesinde 18. yüzyıl İngiliz yazarlar Osmanlı-Doğusu’na daha entelektüel ve daha az önyargı ile bakmaya başlamışlardır. Bu bakış açısı Edward Said’in Orientalism [Şarkiyatçılık] adlı eserinde anlatılan geleneksel Batılı yaklaşımdan daha farklı bir bakış açısı ortaya koymaktadır. Biz bu makalemizde 18. yüzyıl Sözde-doğu Mektupları, Doğu Hikayeleri ve Gezi Edebiyatı türlerinde Osmanlı-Doğusuna nasıl bakıldığını ve bu bakışın geleneksel Şarkiyatçı Avrupalı bakış açısından nasıl farklılık gösterdiğini inceleyeceğiz. Abstract In English literature there is an increasing interest in the Ottoman-orient during the 18th century. New literary genres that mainly deal with the Ottoman-Orient begin to appear in this period. Such new genres known as pseudo-oriental letters and oriental tales create a new perspective and challenge the traditional orientalist one. Pseudo-oriental letters become popular after the publication of Jean Paulo Marana’s Turkish Spy in 1684 and the genre is imitated by European writers. Montesquieu, in France, writes Persian Letters (1721); Oliver Goldsmith in England re-appropriates the genre in The Citizen of the World (1728). The mask used in the genre conceals the actual identity of the author. Thus, using a distant perspective the actual author of the text is able to criticize political and social corruptions freely. English writers interest in the Ottoman-orient continues to increase, after Pseudo-oriental Letters, with the translation of Thousand One Night Tales. Contemporary English authors produce works which either deal with the Orient or stories that take place in it. For instance, Samuel Johnson is one of them. These genres reflect the Orient from an intimate perspective. Therefore, 18th century English writers develop less prejudice and more intellectual tendency toward the Ottoman-orient. The present perspective is different from the traditional orientalist approach presented in Said’s Orientalism (1978). This article aims to explore how 18th century genres such as Pseudo-oriental letters, oriental tales and travel literature represent the Ottoman Orient and how such representation is different from the traditional European Orientalist Perspective. </p
Challenge to temporality, search for the sublimity; mystic quest of the narrator in William Beckford’s excursion to grand chartreuse (1779)
No full textWilliam Beckford was born into a wealthy and politically prominent family on September 28, 1760. His father represented London in Parliament and became twice a Mayor of London. After his father’s death, he became the wealthiest son of England. He fell in love with Lord Courtenay of Powderham’s cousin William which ended his political career with Lord Loughborough’s rumor that Beckford was seen through a keyhole at Powderham Castle in sodomy with his nephew, William Courtenay. After this incident, he was excluded from political life and polite society (Tinker). Then, he traveled to Grand Chartreuse in Switzerland where he wrote Excursion to Grand Chartreuse (1779). His reflections in the letters from the Excursion to Grand Chartreuse, display the profound effect of the temporal time upon the mind of the author. It is obvious from the letters that the narrator tries to escape from the limit of physical time [life] and space [society]. This paper aims to discuss the effect of time on Beckford in the letters
TÜRKLER VE İNGİLİZLER TARİHTE İLK MÜNASEBETLER1TURKS AND ENGLISH: FIRST ENCOUNTERS IN HISTORY
No full textThe White Nation in Crisis: A Fanonian Reading of Sevdalinka Concerning Colonial Violence and Identity Crisis
No full textInspired by Frantz Fanon’s Black Skin, White Masks, this study focuses on the process of postcolonial imitative identity construction that results in fragmentation among colonized people in Sevdalinka, a novel by Ayşe Kulin. Fanon’s theory extensively analyzes the erasure of identity experienced by colonized people and the psychological crises that result in fragmented selves, emerging from futile efforts to attain recognition, and validation. The process of modeling contributes to the colonizers’ sense of superiority and, in turn, intensifies their tyranny. Fanon initially criticizes the oppressed for being unaware of their incoherent conditions as well as their estrangement from their authentic selves. The perspectives of Adler, Freud, Bhabha, Ngũgĩ, and Achebe will significantly contribute to this study, as they align with and deepen the theoretical framework of Fanon. Kulin’s Sevdalinka offers a profound exploration of Bosnians’ experiences of love, the desire for recognition, and the loss of authenticity within the context of Bosnia’s tumultuous history. In the disintegration of Yugoslavia, Bosnians are subjugated, particularly by Serbs, who seek independence while demanding Bosnians’ assimilation and alienating them. Bosnians are also marginalized and even targeted for possessing distinct religious identities, perceived as Croats by Catholics and as Serbs by Orthodox Christians, yet belonging to neither. The characters adopt their oppressors’ lifestyle, with minimal traces of Islamic tradition. The protagonist, Nimeta’s illicit relationship with a Croatian, emotional distance from her children, and disapproval of her mother’s conventional lifestyle demonstrate her estrangement from Bosnian Islamic identity. Through the protagonist and her family, the novel sheds light on how identities are shaped, fragmented, and ultimately diluted
SPEECH ACT THEORY; AUSTIN AND SEARLE: DERRIDA’S RESPONSE AND DELEUZE’S THEORY OF ORDER-WORD
No full textAbstract: Speech Act is an influential theory on the actual communicative function of language and tries to answer to what extent impartial interaction is possible between speakers. The theory was first developed by Austin and Searle. They argued that order-words have primary meaning and clearly convey the message of the speaker. Derrida challenged the theory and disposed of the argument. Using speech acts and Derrida’s disposal, Deleuze and Guattari brought a new perspective to the argument and developed new ideas different from the ones already existing. This paper aims to discuss to what extent Austen, Searle, Derrida, Deleuze and Guattari contributed to communication theory. Keywords: Speech Acts, Communication, Order-words, Significance, Iterability</div
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