83 research outputs found
Slave girls under the early Abassids : a study of the role of slave-women and courtesans in social and literary life in the first two centuries of the Abasid Caliphate, based on original sources
No full textAl-Sharif Al-Radi: His Life and Poetry
No full textThe aim of this work is to study al-Sharif al-Radl, his life and poetry. The first part deals with the poet’s environment and life; the second with his poetry. Chapter I deals with the political conditions under which the poet lived. The purpose of the second chapter is to portray Al-Radl's social environment and its reflection in contemporary poetry. The third chapter describes the literary environment of Al-Radl's age at some length. The fourth chapter aims to study Al-Radl's life in detail. The factors which influenced his outlook and personality are discussed. An attempt is made to discern how far these factors affected his poetry. The second part of this work deals with Al-Radl's poetry itself. In Chapter V historical observations are made on Al-Radl's Diwan o in both manuscript and published forms. Chapter VI deals with his panegyrics. General remarks are made on eulogy in Arabic poetry. The content, form and development of Al-Radl's panegyrical odes are analysed. His Ikhwaniyyat receive special attention. Chapter VII deals with Al-Radl's self-praise its content and form. An endeavour is made to explore the Utopian world which the poet tried to portray, Al-Radl's elegies (Ch. VIII). their content, form and characteristics are reviewed. In addition, his dirges on women receive attention. Shi ism in Al-Radl’s poetry is discussed in Chapter IX, Al-Radl’s love-poetry (Ch. X) is discussed. His Hijaziyyat receive particular attention. It is claimed that Al-Radl’s produced in his Hijaaiyyat a poetical amalgam which contains some aspects of ‘Udhrite and ’Umarite poetry. Chapter II deals with Al-Radl's poetical technique. His theories of poetical composition and his comments on other poets are examined. A comparison is made between Al-Radl and other poets both previous and contemporary. Special attention is paid to al-Mutanabbi's influence. In Chapter XII there is a broad re-assessment of Al-Radl’s place in the history of Arabic poetry
The Emirate of Damascus in the early Crusading period, 488-549/1095-1154
No full textThis study "The Emirate of Damascus During the Early
Crusading Period 488-549/1095-1154 deals with this
Emirate which was established in 488/1095, after the
defeat and the murder of Taj al-Dawla Tutush near Rayy
in 488/1095 by his nephew Sultan Berkiyaruq Ibn Sult-an
Malik-Sh5h. The dominions of Ti al-Dawla, mainly in
Syria and the Jazira divided between his elder sons King
Fakhr al-Mullik Ridwan in Aleppo and King Shams al-Muliik
Ducfaq in Damascus. The Kingdom of Damascus comprized
south Syria and some parts of the Jazira such as al-
Rahba and Mayyafäriqin.
Zahir al-Din Tughtekln, who was Atabek of King Duclaq, became the de facto ruler of Damascus during the
reign of King Duqaq 488-497/1095-1104. After the death
of Duqaq, Tughtekin was to be the real Amir of Damascus,
and his dynasty was to gain control of the Emirate until
its fall at the hands of Niir al-Din Mahmild of Aleppo in
549/1154.
In this thesis, the following matters are discussed:
1. The conditions which led to the foundation of this
Emirate.
2. The role of Tughtekin in establishing his authority
in the Emirate.
3. The foreign policy of the Emirate, and the factors
which shaped this policy.
4. The effects (on the Emirate) of the coming of the
Crusaders particularly those of Jerusalem.
S. Internal rivalries in the Emirate, and their
influence on the stability of the Emirate and its
external relations.
6. The policy of alliances adopted by the Emirate and
the factors which affected this.
7. The influence of the growing power of Zangi of
Aleppo and Mosul (521-541/1127-1146) on Damascus and
why he did not succeed in annexing Damascus to his
united front in Syria and the Jazira aimed at
challenging the power of the Crusaders.
8. The reasons which helped Mir al-Din Mahmüd Ibn Zangi
of Aleppo to annex Damascus to his state in
549/1154.
9. The importance of the military power of Damascus and
Its role in protecting the Emirate.
Finally a concluding section sums up the achievement
of the Emirate of Damascus in maintaining its
Independence during the period and the role of the
Emirate in the Counter-Crusade
Istihsan (juristic preference) : the forgotten principle of Islamic law
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Appraisal on End Products and Services Offered by Islamic Banks from Maqasid Shari’ah Perspective
No full textQuestion arises whether the products and services offered by the Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) genuinely meeting the requirement of Shari’ah. At present, not only Shari’ah advisors have been appointed to scrutinize and endorse the new products and services. In fact, majority of the IFIs have established units or departments to ensure the documentations, legal and Shari’ah framework, the process and procedure, and implementation are in line with the precept of Shari’ah. IFIs not only must avoid riba, but as well as other important elements such as gharar, deception, inequality, duress in developing and executing the end products of IFIs in order to ensure justice and social welfare prevail. This could only be achieved if the products and services approved uphold the importance of Maqasid Shari’ah. This paper will evaluate the key value chain in product approval process, role of Shari’ah advisor in approving products and services in IFIs as well as to raise possible issues and challenges related to the value chain. This paper will also look into the importance of Maqasid Shari’ah in product approval process as it is a vital element to be considered so as to avoid legal conflicts, litigation risk, instability (reputational risk) to the IFIs, tarnish the image of so called Shari’ah compliance products, uphold justice (contracting parties) and more importantly the pure teaching of Islam.Islamic financial institutions, Shari’ah committee, Maqasid Shari’ah.
Medina in the Ayyubid period and the Shi'a influence upon it
No full textThe underlying concern of this thesis is to shed light on the history of Medina during the Ayyubid period, discussing and analysing the Shi'a emergence in the city in that time, and the transfer to them of power, the judiciary and the key religious positions. It also discusses their influence over the various facets of life there. The study comprises an introduction, six central chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter includes a general introduction, beginning with a historical background of pre-Islamic Medina, and then proceeds to present an overview of the importance of the subject and the reasons for choosing it. It then moves on to an exposition of the key issues which the study will discuss, and the methodology which it follows. The second chapter provides a concise account of the significance of Medina in the Islamic sources (the Qur'an and the hadith), discussing the role of the city and its inhabitants in their support for and propagation of Islam. It also gives a short account of the history of Medina following the death of the Prophet up until the Umayyad period, and briefly discusses the key historical events during that period. The
third chapter examines the state of the Islamic World prior to and during the Ayyubid period, and discusses the key historical events that occurred in Medina at that time and
their connection with what was happening in the Islamic World. The fourth chapter studies and analyses the emergence of the Shi'a in Medina during the Ayyflbid period, and examines certain accounts of this. It also tracks the history of the Shia in Medina prior to the Ayyübid period by providing critical examples of some of the accounts on the subject. The reasons behind the emergence of the Twelver Shia doctrine in Medina during the
Ayyübid period will also be studied and analysed, and the chapter will explain how the Shi'a came to assume the key political and religious offices in the city. Their relations with other Shi'a sects will also be examined, and the way in which their control of Medina came to an end will be discussed. The fifth chapter discusses political life in Medina during the Ayyubid period and the influence of the Shia upon it, studies and analyses the political
relations between the emirs of Medina and each of the neighbouring tribes, the emirs of Mecca, the sultans of the Ayyubid state and those of the Banü Rasül in Yemen, and
explains the influence of the Shi'a on these relations and the role which they played in the political life in the city. The sixth chapter discusses social life in Medina during the Ayyubid period and the influence of the Shia upon it, by studying the composition of civil society and its groupings, the distinguishing features apparent in each grouping, and the elements of social life and its economic conditions, as well as the constructive interplay between them, in order to present an accurate picture of the city's social life. The seventh chapter discusses the state of learning in the city during the Ayyübid period and the Shia
influence upon it, by examining some of the accounts mentioned by certain historians and travellers. It will also include a refutation of these negative accounts by presenting a thorough, extensive description of the state of learning in Medina, through studying the teaching lectures which were current in the Prophet's Mosque and the madrasas of that time, the kuttabs, the syllabuses, the teaching methods, the most notable 'ulama' and their key works, the role of the Sunni 'ulama' in the flourishing of learned activity and, lastly, the Shi'a influence upon it. The eighth chapter summarises and discusses the study's most
important findings and draws conclusions from them, before making suggestions for future research
Analisis Penerapan Akuntansi Pada Cv. Engineering Steel Hi - Ten
No full textThis research aims to recognize if CV. Engineering Steel Hi - Ten is already fit to general accepted accounting principles or not. The technique of data collection for this research is hold interview and take some documents from CV. Engineering Steel Hi - Ten. The author analyzes the data using descriptive methods, the data that has been collected from the company being arrenged in such a way then being analyzed based on relevant theories so then it can be concluded. Based on the result of this research is known that: along the transactions, the accounting proccess on the CV. Engineering Steel Hi - Ten does not make journal, adjusting journal, closing journal and also the format is not convenient to general accepted accounting principles. Presentation of accounts receivable does not separate between materials inventory and accounts receivable. And also for accumulated depreciation, CV. Engineering Steel Hi - Ten does not separate between building and lands. CV. Engineering Steel Hi - Ten has not made financial statements of Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss yet. CV. Engineering Steel Hi - Ten has not reported changed to Equity, cash flow statement, and Notes to Financial Statements. Based on the description above, it can be concluded that accounting process on CV. Engineering Steel Hi - Ten is not convenient to general accepted accounting principles
Astrology in literature: how the prohibited became permissible in the Arabic poetry of the mediaeval period
No full textThis thesis is concerned to position the art of astrology within the context of classical Arabic poetry, primarily by investigating and elucidating attitudes to the notion of
qadar (fate) and the ideology in which it was embedded. These attitudes were revelatory of the broader world view of the Arabs of those periods, and their shifts from those held in the pre-Islamic and early Islamic eras tell us a good deal about the importance given to the nature and role of fate and about the various understandings of its influence. The pre-Islamic Arab's notion of qadar was in some ways similar to that of the early Muslims: both emphasised predetermination and the irresistible power of fate. But while the jahilf (Pre-Islamic) Arabs identified fate with the malign power of dahr (Time), the Muslims believed the power of fate lies in the hands of God the
Omnipotent, who alone is responsible for the fate of the whole universe. Thus the astrology of the pre-Islamic era was one aspect of divination (kihana) and claimed to be
able to reveal in advance an individual's destiny, which could be avoided by taking certain precautions. These precautions, however, were considered effective only in
relatively trivial cases; they were useless in the areas of major impact: a person's happiness or misery (shaqiiwa aw sa ada), sustenance (rizq) and one's term (ajal), the
three inevitable and irresistible manifestations of fate. In the Islamic period not only these major aspects of life are governed and controlled by the Omnipotent; the destiny
of the universe, in even its most minute details, is determined and controlled by God alone. Astrology was considered to be of no value whatsoever, and its practitioners were subject to the death penalty. These two irreconcilable views are evident in early Islamic poetry, which reflected clearly the response of poets, and society, to astrology from the perspective of qadar.
When the orthodox caliphate was replaced by dynastic rule the status of astrology was changed dramatically. The idea that the stars, as indicators, play a role in the life of
human beings found popowerful supporters in some governors of the Islamic world, who allowed astrology to fulfil a public function regardless of the hostility of the official
religion of that society. This social phenomenon generated rich material of a controversial character in the realm of literature. Investigating the factors, motivations
and impact of mediaeval political, theological and philosophical attitudes to astrology, in relation to the notions of free will and predestination, is the concern of this study
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