1,720,975 research outputs found
Geophagy in moustached tamarins,Saguinus mystax (platyrrhini: Callitrichidae), at the Río Blanco, Peruvian Amazonia
No full textZur Technologie hochmittelalterlicher Glasherstellung am Beispiel der Funde von der Waldglashütte Steimcke im Niemetal (Bramwald)
No full textSüßwassermergel der Kraterrandhöhen des Nördlinger Rieses (Miozän): Relikte einer Aussüßungsphase des Riessees?
No full textSediment-Relikte der sogenannten Aussüßungsphase des miozänen salinaren Riessees wurden am Nordrand des Rieses bei Breitenlohe mittels einer sechs Meter langen Rammkernsondierung untersucht. Die angetroffene Sedimentabfolge weist einen zyklischen Aufbau auf, mit Süßwasser-Kalkmergeln und -Kalken bei niedrigem Wasserstand und sandigen Tonmergeln und Mergel bei höherem Wasserstand. Stabile Kohlenstoff- und Sauerstoff-Isotopenwerte der mikritischen Karbonatmatrix belegen leicht erhöhte Salinitäten für die sandigen Tonmergel und Mergel, wohingegen Kalkmergel und Kalke reine Süßwasserbedingungen widerspiegeln. Das Massenvorkommen des Ostrakoden Cypridopsis in den Süßwasser-Kalkmergeln kann als Hinweis auf eine Korrelation mit der mittleren Ton-Folge des zentralen Beckens (Bohrung Nördlingen 1973) gewertet werden. Die Kovarianz von delta13C und delta18O deutet zudem auf einen hydrologisch geschlossenen See hin. Die reliktischen Süßwassersedimente der Kraterrandhöhen bei Breitenlohe repräsentieren daher wahrscheinlich keine finale Aussüßungsphase des Riessees, sondern klimatisch bedingte, temporäre Süßwasserbedingungen. Ebenso liefern diese Sedimente keinen Beleg für eine hydrologische Öffnung mit Bildung eines Ausflusses. Das Ende des Riessees mit einer hypothetischen Verlandungsphase ist nicht überliefert.The sediments of the so-called final freshwater stage of the Miocene Ries crater lake were investigated by a six meter long percussion core near Breitenlohe at the northern Ries margin. The sedimentary succession exhibits a cyclicity, with freshwater calcareous marls and limestones corresponding to low lake level, and arenaceous clayey marls and marls reflecting an increased lake level. Stable isotope ratios of the microcrystalline matrix indicate slightly increased salinities for the arenaceous clayey marls and marls, whereas calcareous marls and limestones reflect pure freshwater conditions. The mass occurrence of the ostracode Cypridopsis in the Breitenlohe freshwater sediments points to a correlation with the middle part of the Clay Unit of the central basin (research drilling Nördlingen 1973). Furthermore, the covariation of delta 13C and delta 18O values indicates hydrologically closed basin conditions. Therefore, the freshwater sediment relics of the crater margin heights at Breitenlohe do not represent a final freshwater stage of the Ries lake, but climate driven, temporary freshwater conditions. Likewise, there is no evidence for the formation of an outlet and hydrological opening. The end of the Ries crater lake with a hypothetical silting-up is not preserved
The petrogenesis of A-type magmas from the Amram Massif, southern Israel
No full textThe (similar to550-530 Ma) alkaline magmatic suite of the Amram Massif, southern Israel, was emplaced during the transition from an orogenic to an intra plate tectonic setting in the northeastern Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS). The suite ranges from 45.6 to 78.8 wt % SiO(2), and consists of rhyolites, alkali quartz syenites, quartz syenites, monzonites, and co-magmatic mafic to felsic alkaline dikes. These rocks define a continuous chemical evolutionary trend and reveal a correlation between decreasing stratigraphic age and increasing silica content. The felsic members of the suite display A-type characteristics and are genetically linked through fractionation to the more mafic ones. Moderately positive initial epsilonNd values (+2 +/- 0.5), low initial (37)Sr/(86)Sr values (07036 +/- 2), high MgO and Fe(2)O(3) concentrations (4.10-8.95 and 10.0-12.5 wt %, respectively) and relatively flat rare earth element patterns [(La/Yb)(n) = 6.4 +/- 0.9] in the Amram mafic dikes (45.6-49.5 wt % SiO(2)), suggest their derivation from the sub-continental lithospheric mantle, above the garnet stability zone. The MELTS program was used to quantitatively model the chemical evolution of the suite. Extensive anhydrous fractionation (>90%), of plagioclase, alkali feldspar, clinopyroxene, olivine, and minor Ti-magnetite and apatite from parental mafic magmas, represented by the Amram mafic dikes, produced the rlyolitic compositions as well as the intermediate members of the suite. This suggests the presence of a large unexposed body of cumulate rocks at depth, as well as fusion of a large source-region (equivalent to an similar to5 km layer) in the lithospheric mantle. Regarded as a representative example for similar A-type outcrops in this region, this petrogenetic model further suggests that Neoproterozoic-Early Cambrian A-type magmatism in the northeastern ANS represents a significant post-orogenic addition of mantle-derived material to the juvenile crust. This magmatic episode was of a similar magnitude to that of the Cenozoic, extension-related, alkaline volcanism of the Arabian plate
Süßwassermergel der Kraterrandhöhen des Nördlinger Rieses (Miozän): Relikte einer Aussüßungsphase des Riessees?
No full textSediment-Relikte der sogenannten Aussüßungsphase des miozänen salinaren Riessees wurden am Nordrand des Rieses bei Breitenlohe mittels einer sechs Meter langen Rammkernsondierung untersucht. Die angetroffene Sedimentabfolge weist einen zyklischen Aufbau auf, mit Süßwasser-Kalkmergeln und -Kalken bei niedrigem Wasserstand und sandigen Tonmergeln und Mergel bei höherem Wasserstand. Stabile Kohlenstoff- und Sauerstoff-Isotopenwerte der mikritischen Karbonatmatrix belegen leicht erhöhte Salinitäten für die sandigen Tonmergel und Mergel, wohingegen Kalkmergel und Kalke reine Süßwasserbedingungen widerspiegeln. Das Massenvorkommen des Ostrakoden Cypridopsis in den Süßwasser-Kalkmergeln kann als Hinweis auf eine Korrelation mit der mittleren Ton-Folge des zentralen Beckens (Bohrung Nördlingen 1973) gewertet werden. Die Kovarianz von delta13C und delta18O deutet zudem auf einen hydrologisch geschlossenen See hin. Die reliktischen Süßwassersedimente der Kraterrandhöhen bei Breitenlohe repräsentieren daher wahrscheinlich keine finale Aussüßungsphase des Riessees, sondern klimatisch bedingte, temporäre Süßwasserbedingungen. Ebenso liefern diese Sedimente keinen Beleg für eine hydrologische Öffnung mit Bildung eines Ausflusses. Das Ende des Riessees mit einer hypothetischen Verlandungsphase ist nicht überliefert.The sediments of the so-called final freshwater stage of the Miocene Ries crater lake were investigated by a six meter long percussion core near Breitenlohe at the northern Ries margin. The sedimentary succession exhibits a cyclicity, with freshwater calcareous marls and limestones corresponding to low lake level, and arenaceous clayey marls and marls reflecting an increased lake level. Stable isotope ratios of the microcrystalline matrix indicate slightly increased salinities for the arenaceous clayey marls and marls, whereas calcareous marls and limestones reflect pure freshwater conditions. The mass occurrence of the ostracode Cypridopsis in the Breitenlohe freshwater sediments points to a correlation with the middle part of the Clay Unit of the central basin (research drilling Nördlingen 1973). Furthermore, the covariation of delta 13C and delta 18O values indicates hydrologically closed basin conditions. Therefore, the freshwater sediment relics of the crater margin heights at Breitenlohe do not represent a final freshwater stage of the Ries lake, but climate driven, temporary freshwater conditions. Likewise, there is no evidence for the formation of an outlet and hydrological opening. The end of the Ries crater lake with a hypothetical silting-up is not preserved
Erratum to “Application of strontium isotope analysis to provenance studies of Early Bronze Age North-Mesopotamian Metallic Ware” [J. Archaeol. Sci. Rep. 16 (2017) 573–588]
No full textApplication of strontium isotope analysis to provenance studies of Early Bronze Age North-Mesopotamian Metallic Ware
No full textSr isotopic analysis was carried out on Early Bronze Age (c. 2800–2200 BCE) North-Mesopotamian Metallic Ware and clay samples collected from south-eastern Anatolia and north-eastern Syria with a view to determining the provenance of this characteristic ceramic type, in particular of its non-calcareous variant. The non-calcareous and calcareous variants of North-Mesopotamian Metallic Ware, which have been defined in previous archaeometric studies, show a clear distinction in their Sr isotopic signatures. The non-calcareous group is characterised by high 87Sr/86Sr ratios, whereas the calcareous variant has much lower values. The Sr isotopic signature of the non-calcareous group shows similarities with clay samples from the Pütürge Massif area in south-east Anatolia. Combining the results of the present study with previous investigations, it is thought that the raw material used for the production of non-calcareous North-Mesopotamian Metallic Ware could have been originated from the southern part of the Pütürge Massif area. Furthermore, this study proves that Sr isotope analysis is a useful tool for the characterisation and identification of archaeological ceramic provenance
Abiotic and biotic factors and their interactions as causes of oak decline in Central Europe
No full textIncidences of oak decline have occurred repeatedly during the past three centuries as well as in the most recent decades. On the basis of historical records and dendrochronological measurements, oak decline in Central Europe has been attributed to the single or combined effects of climatic extremes (winter frost, summer drought), defoliating insects, and pathogenic fungi. Starting from a literature review, we discuss the possible roles of various abiotic (air pollution, nitrogen eutrophication, soil chemical stress, climatic extremes, site conditions) and biotic factors (insect defoliation, borer attack, infection by pathogenic fungi, microorganisms) that have been related to oak decline. On the basis of investigations on Quercus petraea and Quercus robur at three different levels (from experiments with young trees to monitoring on a supraregional scale), we suggest a conceptual model of the interaction of abiotic and biotic factors responsible for the onset of oak decline. This model should be valid for Central European oak stands at more acidic sites (soil pH (H2O) less than or equal to 4.2; on soils with higher pH, pathogenic Phytophthora species may contribute to oak decline). The combination of severe insect defoliation in at least two consecutive years with climatic extremes is the most significant complex of factors in the incidence of oak decline. Combined with defoliation, summer drought or winter/spring frost or both have to occur within the same year or in consecutive years to trigger major outbreaks of decline. Important additional stress factors are the following: (1) hydromorphic site conditions which, particularly in the case of Q. robur, render the trees more susceptible to drought stress as a result of an impairment of root growth in the subsoil; and (2), possibly, excess nitrogen which, in combination with drought stress, results in distinct decreases in the foliar concentrations of allelochemicals in Q. robur, thereby probably making the trees more susceptible to insect defoliation. Air pollution, soil chemical stress (including excess manganese), and nitrogen-induced nutritional imbalance do not seem to be important causal factors in the complex of oak decline. On the basis of the model, the appearance of the most recent oak decline in North-western Germany can be adequately explained
New evidence on the provenance of Red Lustrous Wheel-made Ware (RLW): Petrographic, elemental and Sr-Nd isotope analysis
Full text linkThe Red Lustrous Wheel-made Ware (RLW) is a distinctive Late Bronze Age ware produced from high quality red clay with an array of particular forms and a polished red surface. It has a wide distribution in the Eastern Mediterranean, mainly including central Anatolia, Cilicia, Cyprus, the Levant, and Egypt, indicating the important role of the ware in displaying possible cultural, commercial, and political interconnections. Its unique and identical character throughout its distribution area still complicates the identification of its provenance. Therefore, it has been the subject of numerous archaeological and archaeometric studies. In previous archaeological studies, a Cypriot origin for the ware has been proposed and generally accepted. In comparison to archaeological research, Cyprus and/or Anatolia are suggested as the origin of RLW in previous archaeometric studies. However, the latest discoveries from Anatolia suggests that the production place of RLW could be located in Rough Cilicia in southern Anatolia, as new RLW forms have been identified at Kilise Tepe level III (1500-1300 BCE). This study focuses on the newly identified RLW forms of jar and its subgroups excavated at Kilise Tepe, level III (c. 1500-1300 BCE). We report archaeometric results of petrographic, trace element and Sr (Sr-87/ Sr-86) and Nd (Nd-143/Nd-144) isotopic analysis of RLW samples, not only from Kilise Tepe in southern Anatolia but also from Bogazkoy/Hattusa in central Anatolia, and Tell Atchana/Alalakh in the Amuq Plain as comparative material. Archaeometric results suggest that the new RLW forms with their subgroups belong to the main chemical and mineralogical corpus of RLW. These results support the thesis that Kilise Tepe is the site with the largest variety of RLW forms, and also the hypothesis that the origin of RLW might be in Rough Cilicia in southern Anatolia. A few samples from each site were defined as outliers, indicating that there are small amounts of RLW produced from other clays, the sources of which remain unidentified.German Research Foundation (DFG) [KI 1828/2-2]We would like to express our gratitude for their collaboration and contributions to the project to: Jurgen Seeher, Andreas Schachner (German Archaeological Institute in Istanbul, (DAI)), Nicholas Postgate (Cambridge University), Gursel Sunal (Technical University of Istanbul), Mirko Novak (University of Bern), Aslihan Yener (Columbia and New York Universities), Ilhame Ozturk, former director of Archaeological Museum Silifke (Mersin) as well as Archaeological Museums of Corum and Hatay. We thank also Selim Yildiz and Nurettin Bataray (Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University) for drawings of the analyzed sherds. We thank also the two anonymous reviewers for their careful and constructive reviews of our paper. This study is a part of a research project at the Eberhard-Karls University of Tubingen funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) (ID: KI 1828/2-2)
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