377 research outputs found
Increased Body Weight and Fat Mass After Subchronic GIP Receptor Antagonist, but Not GLP-2 Receptor Antagonist, Administration in Rats
No full textGlucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) are hormones secreted from the enteroendocrine cells after a meal. They exert their actions through activation of G protein-coupled receptors (R), the GIPR and GLP-2R, respectively. Both have been reported to influence metabolism. The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of the hormones in the regulation of lipid and bone homeostasis by subchronic treatment with novel GIPR and GLP-2R antagonists. Rats were injected once daily with vehicle, GIPR, or GLP-2R antagonists for 3 weeks. Body weight, food intake, body composition, plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL), adipokines, triglycerides and the marker of bone resorption carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTX), were examined. In rats, subchronic treatment with GIPR antagonist, rat GIP (3-30)NH2, did not modify food intake and bone resorption, but significantly increased body weight, body fat mass, triglycerides, LPL, and leptin levels compared with vehicle treated rats. Subchronic (Pro3)GIP (a partial GIPR agonist), GLP-2(11-33), and GLP-2(3-33) (GLP-2R antagonists) treatment did not affect any parameter. The present results would be consistent with a role for GIP, but not GLP-2, in the maintenance of lipid homeostasis in rats, while neither GIPR nor GLP-2R antagonism appeared to influence bone resorption in rats
Author Index
No full textProceedings of the 18th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics
NODALIDA 2011.
Editors: Bolette Sandford Pedersen, Gunta Nešpore and Inguna Skadiņa.
NEALT Proceedings Series, Vol. 11 (2011), 348-349.
© 2011 The editors and contributors.
Published by
Northern European Association for Language
Technology (NEALT)
http://omilia.uio.no/nealt .
Electronically published at
Tartu University Library (Estonia)
http://hdl.handle.net/10062/16955
Signs of a Glucose- and Insulin-Independent Gut-Bone Axis and Aberrant Bone Homeostasis in Type 1 Diabetes
No full textContext: Gut hormones seem to play an important role in postprandial bone turnover, which also may be affected by postprandial plasma glucose excursions and insulin secretion. Objective: To investigate the effect of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and an isoglycemic IV glucose infusion (IIGI) on the bone resorption and formation markers in individuals with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls. Design: Observational case-control study. Setting: Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark. Participants: Nine individuals with C-peptide negative type 1 diabetes and 8 healthy controls matched for gender, age and body mass index were included. Intervention: Subjects underwent an OGTT and a subsequent IIGI. Main outcome measure: Exploratory analysis on changes in bone resorption assessed by measurements of carboxy-terminal type I collagen crosslinks (CTX) and in bone formation as assessed by procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) concentrations. Results: Baseline CTX and PINP levels were similar in the two groups. Both groups exhibited significantly greater suppression of CTX during OGTT than IIGI. PINP levels were unaffected by OGTT and IIGI, respectively, in healthy controls. Participants with type 1 diabetes displayed impaired suppression of CTX-assessed bone resorption and inappropriate suppression of PINP-assessed bone formation during OGTT. Conclusions: Our data suggest the existence of a gut-bone axis reducing bone resorption in response to oral glucose independently of plasma glucose excursions and insulin secretion. Subjects with type 1 diabetes showed impaired suppression of bone resorption and reduced bone formation during OGTT, which may allude to the reduced bone mineral density and the increased fracture risk characterizing these individuals
Reduction of parathyoid hormone levels
No full textA method of acutely reducing the plasma level of PTH of a patient having an elevated PTH comprising the administration of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a GLP-2, or a variant, an analogue, or derivative of GLP-2 having the ability to bind and activate a GLP-2 receptor such as GLP-2 1-3
Hyperosmolar Duodenal Saline Infusion Lowers Circulating Ghrelin and Stimulates Intestinal Hormone Release in Young Men
No full textContext:The mechanisms regulating the postprandial suppression of ghrelin secretion remain unclear, but recent observations in rats indicate that an increase in duodenal osmolarity is associated with a reduction in ghrelin levels. Several hormones have been implicated in the regulation of ghrelin. Objective:We hypothesized that intraduodenal infusion of a hyperosmolar solution would lower plasma ghrelin concentrations. Design, Setting, Participants, and Interventions:Eighteen healthy young men were studied after an overnight fast on two occasions in a randomized double-blinded fashion. A nasoduodenal catheter was positioned and isoosmolar (300 mOsm/L) or hyperosmolar (1500 mOsm/L) saline was infused intraduodenally (4 mL/min, t = 0 to 45 minutes). Venous blood was sampled at t = -45, -30, -15, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, and 180 minutes. Main Outcome Measures:Plasma concentrations of ghrelin, glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), neurotensin (NT), peptide YY (PYY), motilin, and glucose. Results:Ghrelin concentrations were suppressed with hyperosmolar when compared with isoosmolar saline, and remained lower until t = 180 minutes. CCK, NT, GLP-1, PYY, and glucagon all increased during hyperosmolar, but not isoosmolar, saline infusion (P < 0.01 for all), whereas GIP, PP, and motilin levels were not affected by either infusion. Conclusions:Plasma ghrelin concentrations are lowered, whereas CCK, GLP-1, PYY, NT, and glucagon concentrations are augmented, by hyperosmolar duodenal content in healthy individuals. These observations have implications for the evaluation of studies comparing the effects of different types and loads of nutrients and chemicals on gut hormone secretion.Simon Veedfald, Tongzhi Wu, Michelle Bound, Jacqueline Grivell, Bolette Hartmann, Jens F. Rehfeld, Carolyn F. Deacon, Michael Horowitz, Jens J. Holst and Christopher K. Rayne
263-OR: Counterregulatory Responses to Hypoglycemia in Totally Pancreatectomized Patients
No full textWe have previously shown that totally pancreatectomized (PX) patients secrete substantial amounts of glucagon (most likely from enteroendocrine cells) during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) whereas these patients suppress circulating glucagon concentrations during intravenous glucose infusions. Here, we investigated the effect of insulin-induced hypoglycemia on extrapancreatic glucagon secretion and other counterregulatory factors in PX patients and in healthy controls (CTRLs). On two separate days, 12 PX patients (age 65.5±5.5 [mean±SD] years; BMI: 23.8±3.6 kg/m2) and 12 matched, healthy CTRLs (age 64.8±6.5 years; BMI: 24.5±2.9 kg/m2) underwent 1) a 50-g OGTT with 1.5 g acetaminophen (for assessment of gastric emptying) and 2) an insulin-induced hypoglycemic clamp followed by a 30-minute recovery period and a subsequent 50-g OGTT with acetaminophen. Blood was intermittently sampled throughout both experimental days. Plasma glucagon responses to OGTT (as assessed by baseline-subtracted area under curve) were greater in PX patients compared to CTRLs (386±150 vs. -340±50 min×pmol/l [mean±SEM], P=0.0001). During the hypoglycemic clamp, PX patients did not increase plasma glucagon concentrations and, thus, glucagon responses to hypoglycemia were higher in CTRLs (903±104 vs. -21±16 min×pmol/l, P<0.001). Hypoglycemia-induced responses of catecholamines, growth hormone and cortisol were similar in the two groups. Gastric emptying was unaffected by hypoglycemia in CTRLs but was decelerated by hypoglycemia in PX patients. We conclude that 1) insulin-induced hypoglycemia, which powerfully stimulates glucagon secretion in CTRLs, does not stimulate extrapancreatic glucagon secretion in PX patients; 2) counterregulatory responses of catecholamines, growth hormone and cortisol were intact in PX patients, but hypoglycemia decelerated gastric emptying in these patients. This provides mechanistic insight into the high risk of hypoglycemia in PX patients
Biologiskt kulturarv som hållbar värdeskapare – slutrapport
No full textDetta är slutrapporten från interregprojektet med samma namn (Interregprojekt 20200961 / IR2016.04). Projektet genomfördes mellan mars 2016 och september 2019. Avsikten har varit att undersöka på vilket sätt natur- och kulturvärden och särskilt biologiskt kulturarv kan användas för att skapa mervärde i företagandet för fäbodbrukare och andra som använder utmarkens resurser. Målet har därmed varit att visa på sätt som skulle kunna skapa bättre ekonomiska förutsättningar för brukarna att fortsätta bedriva utmarksbruk utan att detta på ett negativt sätt påverkar dessa verksamheters bidrag till bevarande av exempelvis biologisk mångfald, kulturvärden och annat som går under benämningen biologiskt kulturarv. Under projektets gång har vi därför fokuserat på koncept som biologisk mångfald, biologiskt kulturarv, immateriellt kulturarv, terroir och sensorisk utvärdering i syfte att peka på värden som upprätthålls genom ett fortsatt bruk av utmarken, som numera till stor del handlar om en igenväxande resurs för framtiden. Projektet har till största delen varit deltagarstyrt och med inslag av återkommande workshopar med brukare för att kunna bidra till att utveckla deras företag. This is the final report from the interreg project with the same name (Interreg project 20200961 / IR2016.04). The project was carried out between March 2016 and September 2019. The intention was to investigate how natural and cultural values and especially biological cultural heritage can be used to create value through economic business development in the enterprise for livestock farmers and others who utilize resources from the outlying land. The aim has thus been to show ways to create better financial conditions for the farmer to continue to practice customary use without influencing the contribution of transhumance to biodiversity, cultural heritage and other aspects of biological heritage in a negative way. During the course of the project, we have consequently focused on concepts such as biodiversity, biological cultural heritage, intangible cultural heritage, terroir and sensory evaluation in order to show values that are maintained through continued use of the outfield, which is now largely a growing resource for the future. The project has mostly been participatory and with elements of recurring workshops with farmers to help them develop their companies.Biologiskt kulturarv som hållbar värdeskapar
Post-human Viewing:a discussion of ethics in mobile phone imagery
No full textThis article discusses the relationship between theories of photography and mobile phone footage. In doing so, it asks if theories of photography still apply in a technologically saturated world of imagery. Technology is an increasingly important part of viewing imagery today and enables imagery to become part of a global cultural flow, thus calling into question the physical connection between viewer and image. This article analyses what happens to that connection when not only the image but also the physical body is mediated and challenged in post-human relations, and examines the ensuing ethical implications. The author takes photojournalism and, in particular, mobile phone footage as a starting point for an exploration of the (post-human) body as evidence and sign of authenticity in the modern age of digital communications and journalism
Seterlandskapet
No full textSeterlandskapet er et mangfoldig og variert landskap som mange ennå har et sterkt forhold til. For vel hundre år siden var både det norske og svenske jordbruket avhengig av å utnytte de lokale fôrressursene. Seterbruket utvidet disse mulighetene. Selv om antallet seterbrukere og setrer i drift i dag er betydelig lavere enn før, opprettholdes det fremdeles i sin tradisjonelle form flere steder både i Norge og i Sverige. Men seterbruket er sårbart, og dermed trues også alle de verdiene som er knytta til seterdrifta. Dette gjelder ikke bare det karakteristiske seterlandskapet, men også det biologiske mangfoldet og all den kunnskapen og historiene som er knytta til denne driftsformen. Med denne boka håper vi å gi ei allsidig innføring til seterbruket i MidtNorge og det svenske «fäbodbältet». Det har vært og er fortsatt både likheter og variasjoner i setertradisjonene, både innenfor landene og mellom Norge og Sverige. I tillegg har seterdrifta selvfølgelig endra seg opp gjennom tida, og tilpassa seg den utviklinga som ellers har foregått innenfor jordbruket. I boka beskriver vi mer overordna og nasjonale tradisjoner, samtidig som vi belyser detaljer og variasjoner ved hjelp av lokale eksempler. Eksemplene er i all hovedsak fra Midt-Norge og fra det svenske fäbodbeltet, men vi har også noen eksempler fra andre deler av Norge og Sverige. Noen av leserne vil derfor kjenne seg igjen i noen av de eksemplene vi trekker fram, mens andre eksempler blir mer fremmede. Opplysningene i denne boka tar utgangspunkt i informasjon og kunnskap som vi har tilegnet oss gjennom mer enn tjue års arbeid med prosjekter i seterlandskapet, men vi har også brukt arkivmateriale og litteratur. Innenfor rammen for Interregprosjektet «Biologisk kulturarv som bærekraftig verdiskaper» har vi også samlet inn faktakunnskap, refleksjoner og innspill fra aktive seterbrukere og andre som har god innsikt i seterbruket både som driftsform og som levende kulturarv. Vi håper at boka er interessant for lesere som vil gjøre seg litt bedre kjente med den verdifulle natur- og kulturarven som seterbruket representerer
The feminist preschool?: Swedish policy and practice
No full textSince 1998 Swedish preschools are mandated by law to counteract traditional gender roles and gender patterns. However, state inspection shows that preschools often reproduce rather than counteract these gender roles and patterns. To the extent that preschools are established as formal and informal structures for gender equality, does the feminist preschool in Sweden exist? This dissertation research examines the questions: Considering that the political-administrative system perceives it as a problem that preschools in the Södermalm district of Stockholm, Sweden, are not working sufficiently to counteract traditional gender roles and gender patterns—which is part of their mandate according to official preschool education policy, rules, and guidelines—how can this implementation problem be explained? Furthermore, what solutions emerge? These questions are addressed from an interdisciplinary feminist theoretical framework, utilizing contributions from the sociology of education and organizational theory. The research uses discourse analysis of interview and archival data to analyze the history of Swedish preschool education, the discursive and ideological formations that policy has served, and the content and implementation of official policy. The analysis explores policy formation and implementation in a social and political environment and the interpretation and implementation of policy in preschools. Findings suggest that although preschools are committed to implementing the mandate, there are a number of reasons for their uneven implementation practices. Four sets of explanations and solutions emerge: 1. Preschools fail to comply; 2. Preschools are incapable of implementing the mandate because they misinterpret central concepts; 3. Preschools lack the needed knowledge and resources and 4. The mandate is purposefully vague, entreating employees to internalize and externalize ideas counterproductive to implementation. Findings support the hypothesis that a combination of these issues contributes to explaining problems raised by implementation. Findings suggest that adopted solutions to explanations 1-3 include performance management and management by objectives strategies as well as inspection mechanisms. Preschools receive limited direction and guidance on implementation and investment in further educating employees in gender issues is limited. The analysis suggests explanation 4 is central to understanding problems related to implementation. The foundation of preschools, policy, and implementation serve patriarchal class society by reproducing dominant liberal-democratic and pluralist-functional discourses. These perpetuate a national self-image, positioning Sweden as equal, progressive, and rational, which challenges implementation of the feminist preschool. Based on these findings the dissertation suggests that Swedish policy makers apply a feminist perspective to examine official policy, rules, and guidelines, definitions of central concepts, and whether these reproduce a myth of gender equality. Further, preschools could become more feminist by practicing gender pedagogy that for example utilizes gender-neutral language. Also, preschools could eliminate traditionally gendered and oppressive activities and activities that inculcate patriarchal and capitalist ideology.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Anna Bolette Lind-Valda
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