1,721,398 research outputs found
Prevalence and correlates of children's exposure to domestic violence and abuse in low- and middle-income countries
No full textBackground: children’s exposure to domestic violence and abuse (DVA) is associated with adverse outcomes in both childhood and adulthood. However, little is known about the scale and factors associated with exposure, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).Objectives: this study aims to address this gap through the following research questions: What is the prevalence of exposure to DVA in selected LMICs?Which factors are associated with exposure to DVA within these countries?Methods: The CDC Violence Against Children Surveys (VACS) were used to gain prevalence estimates of children’s exposure to DVA in ten LMICs across the regions of Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, South-Eastern Asia, and Eastern Europe. Logistic regression was used to explore factors associated with DVA exposure within the ecological domains of individual, family, community and society, to explore what makes a child more likely to be exposed to DVA and the associated mental health outcomes.Results: exposure to DVA ranged from 11.8% in Honduras to 30.7% in Malawi. Other countries with high prevalence included Zambia, Nigeria, and Lesotho. Regression analysis found the domain of community and society to be most important, with individual and family factors less so. Individuals exposed to community violence had much higher levels of exposure to DVA, while a relationship with societal acceptance of violence was also seen. Females were at significantly higher risk of exposure to DVA in four of the ten countries. At the family level, wealth produced mixed results across countries. Finally, individuals from Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, and Zambia who lived in households with multiple children were also more likely to be exposed to DVA. When looking at mental health outcomes associated with exposure to DVA, bivariate analysis revealed a higher prevalence of internalising and externalising symptoms amongst those who had been exposed to DVA as a child when compared to those who had not. Regression analysis found that in all ten countries, those who had been exposed to DVA had a higher likelihood (ranging between 31%-161%) of experiencing psychological distress than those who had not been exposed to DVA in childhood. In nine of the countries (all countries explored except Nigeria), those exposed to DVA had a higher likelihood of having ever experienced suicidal thoughts. In five of the ten countries, those exposed to DVA as a child were more likely to engage in risky behaviours and perpetrate DVA. In six of the nine countries (it was not possible to assess in Cambodia), non-partnered violence perpetration was more common amongst those exposed to DVA as a child.Conclusions and recommendations: many children are exposed to DVA within LMICs, and this study indicates that all ecological domains of a child’s life impact exposure. There is a significant association between exposure to DVA as a child and adverse mental health outcomes in adolescence and early adulthood. There was homogeneity in factors related to exposure across countries, with some exceptions that need further exploration. Policies related to DVA in LMICs need to acknowledge childhood exposure to mitigate its effects
Is there a relationship between childhood exposure to domestic violence and abuse and mental health outcomes? An examination of evidence from 10 low- and middle-income countries
No full textBackground: evidence from high income countries indicates that children exposed to domestic violence and abuse (DVA) are at an increased risk of adverse mental health in later life. Evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited, despite high estimates of the level of childhood exposure.Aims: this study aims to address the lack of evidence through the research question: how does childhood exposure to DVA relate to mental health outcomes during adolescence and early adulthood within LMICs?Methods: the CDC Violence Against Children Surveys were used to identify childhood exposure to DVA in 10 LMICs across Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, South-Eastern Asia, and Eastern Europe. Bivariate analyses and logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between a range of mental health outcomes and DVA exposure, focussing on internalising and externalising mental health symptoms.Results: exposure to DVA ranged from 11.8% in Honduras to 30.7% in Malawi. Bivariate analysis revealed a higher prevalence of internalising and externalising symptoms amongst those exposed to DVA as a child when compared to those who were not. Regression analysis found that in all ten countries, those who had been exposed to DVA had a higher likelihood of experiencing psychological distress than those without childhood exposure. In most countries, there was an association between childhood exposure with having ever experienced suicidal thoughts, engaged in risky behaviours, perpetrated DVA, and perpetrated non-partnered violence. Conclusion: there is clear evidence that childhood exposure is associated with poor mental health outcomes in LMICs
Determining the impact of innovative interventions for people who have used stalking behaviours: a process and outcome evaluation of the Hampshire & Isle of Wight Multi-Agency Stalking Partnership (MASP)
No full textMental health outcomes associated with childhood exposure to domestic violence and abuse in low- and middle-income countries
No full textPrevalence and mental health outcomes associated with childhood exposure to domestic violence and abuse in low- and middle-income countries
No full textPrevalence of childhood exposure to domestic violence in 10 low- and middle-income countries: Analysis of violence against children and youth survey data
No full textBackground: Childhood exposure to domestic violence and abuse (DVA) is associated with lasting impacts on child development, mental health, and future violence risk. However, global estimates are outdated, based largely on high-income countries, and often use inconsistent measures. This study provides updated prevalence estimates from 10 LMICs, using a standardized indicator of exposure.Objective: To generate updated, cross-national prevalence estimates of childhood exposure to DVA in LMICs using a consistent measurement approach.Participants and Setting: Nationally representative data were drawn from 10 Violence Against Children and Youth Surveys, conducted between 2013 and 2019 across Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, and Latin America. Respondents aged 13-24 were asked retrospectively about witnessing or hearing physical violence between caregivers before age 18.Methods: Weighted prevalence estimates were calculated by sex and country based on responses to a standardized item. Country-specific population data were used to estimate the number of exposed individuals.Results: Prevalence ranged from 11.80% to 30.68%. In most countries, female respondents reported a higher prevalence of exposure than males. Across the 10 countries, an estimated 19.84 million adolescents and young adults were exposed to DVA before age 18. These figures represent 7.21% to 14.91% of UNICEF's 2006 global estimate, despite being derived from only 10 countries and a narrow definition of exposure.Conclusions: Childhood exposure to DVA remains widespread and under-recognized in LMICs, and global estimates substantially understate the scale of the issue. Improved surveillance using standardized, cross-culturally appropriate indicators is urgently needed to inform prevention, policy, and child protection efforts
Prevalence and mental health outcomes of childhood exposure to domestic violence and abuse in low- and middle-income countries
No full textWhat do trainee cognitive behavioural therapists need from supervision to develop their skills for working with people with psychosis?
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Childhood exposure to domestic violence and abuse in low- and middle-income countries
No full textChildhood exposure to domestic violence and abuse (DVA) perpetrated between caregivers or other adults in the household is associated with a range of poorer outcomes in later life, including an increased risk of psychiatric disorders, substance misuse, and a higher likelihood of committing violent crimes in adulthood. However, the majority of research on this topic is based on studies conducted in high-income countries (HICs), and evidence on the scale, impact, and early appropriate interventions for children is extremely limited in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with many gaps in knowledge. Without this information, a potentially large number of children will grow up without their experiences being acknowledged or recorded, thereby limiting the potential interventions to reduce their risk of poor outcomes.The overarching aim of this thesis is to enhance and develop the knowledge and understanding of childhood exposure to DVA in LMICs to address these critical gaps in knowledge. It does this by presenting a body of empirical research that explores key stages of the research process through four distinct, but closely linked research papers. These papers are ordered to form a comprehensive understanding of childhood exposure to DVA on a global level. The papers start with exploring the current measurement scales of childhood exposure to DVA, and uses the COSMIN PROMs approach to question whether existing scales are appropriate for gaining global prevalence estimates of childhood exposure to DVA. The second investigation studies the prevalence of, and risk factors associated with, childhood exposure to DVA in LMICs. It does this through secondary data analysis of ten Violence Against Children Surveys (VACS). Paper Three builds explicitly on Paper Two by investigating the mental health outcomes of children exposed to DVA within ten LMICs, utilising the VACS, focusing on adverse internalising and externalising symptoms in adolescence and early adulthood. Finally, the last paper moves beyond a multi-country comparative approach and instead looks at one LMIC in detail: Nepal. It explores the current understanding and support available for childhood exposure to DVA. Taken together, the findings in this thesis presents a comprehensive overview of the current state of understanding of childhood exposure to DVA in LMICs, highlighting where further research is required to ensure that children’s voices are heard, and appropriate policies and interventions are developed to ensure their protection. Implications for policy, practice, and research are addressed
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