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Drepanophora Harmer 1957
No full textGenus Drepanophora Harmer, 1957Published as part of Winston, Judith E. & Vieira, Leandro M., 2013, Systematics of interstitial encrusting bryozoans from southeastern Brazil, pp. 101-146 in Zootaxa 3710 (2) on page 127, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3710.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/24812
Calyptotheca Harmer 1957
No full textGenus <i>Calyptotheca</i> Harmer, 1957 <p> <b>Type species.</b> <i>Schizoporella nivea</i> var. <i>wasinensis</i> Waters, 1913, by original designation (Harmer 1957, p. 1008).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> A revised diagnosis of <i>Calyptotheca</i> was recently given by Cumming & Tilbrook (2014). Key features of the genus are: (1) lepraliomorph frontal shield densely and evenly covered by pseudopores; (2) primary orifice with a proximal sinus and proximolateral condyles; (3) absence of orificial spines; (4) globose, pseudoporous ovicells with calcification resembling the frontal shield of the distal zooids on which they rest; and (5) adventitious avicularia located suborally, latero-orally, or marginally. The genus contains at least 57 living species (Bock <i>et al.</i> 2017, accessed 11 April 2017) and has a fossil record dating back to the Oligocene (Guha & Gopikrishna 2007).</p>Published as part of <i>Abdelsalam, Khaled M., Taylor, Paul D. & Dorgham, Mohamed M., 2017, A new species of Calyptotheca (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from Alexandria, Egypt, southeastern Mediterranean, pp. 582-590 in Zootaxa 4276 (4)</i> on pages 583-584, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4276.4.9, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/808096">http://zenodo.org/record/808096</a>
Calyptotheca tenuata Harmer 1957
No full textCalyptotheca tenuata Harmer, 1957 (Figure 5, Table 5) Calyptotheca tenuata Harmer, 1957: 1016 (part), pl. 68, figs 16, 17 (Badjo Bay and Muaras Reef material); Liu et al. 2001: 650, pl. 63, figs 1–3. ? Calyptotheca tenuata: Ristedt & Hillmer 1985, 142, pl. 4, fig. 1; Scholz 1991: 311, pl. 15, figs 4, 6, pl. 16, fig. 1. Not Calyptotheca tenuata: Harmer 1957: 1016, pl. 68, figs 16, 17 (Amboyna material); Ryland & Hayward 1992: 259, fig. 18 b, c (C. perpendiculata); Tilbrook 2006: 220, pl. 48 A, B (C. rupicola). Material examined. Holotype: NHMUK 1980.2. 1.19 (325.F 3 /Harmer no. 1077), dry, Siboga Station 50, Badjo Bay, West Flores, 0– 40 m. Paratypes: NHMUK 1980.2. 1.19 (325.F 4 /Harmer no. 1077), Canada Balsam prep., same data as holotype; NHMUK 1980.2. 1.20 (465.D/Harmer no. 1079), Siboga Station 91, Muaras Reef, East Borneo, 0–54 m; NHMUK 2002.1. 23.14 (672.C/Harmer no. 1080), Siboga Station 181, Amboyna, 0– 54 m. Bryomol Reef: MTQ G 26474, G26475, 16° 27.343 ' S, 140 ° 52.712 ' E, encrusting Steginoporella, 41 m. MTQ G26476, 16° 29.31 ' S, 140 ° 56.513 ' E, 39 m. MTQ G26477, 16° 27.627 ' S, 140 ° 51.171 ' S, encrusting Adeonella, 26.5 m. MTQ G26478, 16° 31.653 ' S, 140 ° 54.589 ' E, encrusting Petraliella, 36.5 m. Southeastern GoC: MTQ G 26479, G26480, 16° 50.029 ' S, 140 ° 11.999 ' E, encrusting Steginoporella, 23 m. MTQ G 26481, G26482, 16° 51.189 ' S, 140 ° 19.387 ' E, encrusting Steginoporella, 23 m. MTQ G 26426, G 26502, 15.92213 ° S, 139.89779 ° E, encrusting Cigclisula, 39.4 m. Eastern GoC: MTQ G26500, 14° 49.702 ' S, 140 ° 11.994 ' E, encrusting Cigclisula, 59 m. Description. Colony encrusting. Autozooids rectangular to irregularly pentagonal (c. 0.5 × 0.4 mm; Table 5). Frontal shield flattened to slightly convex with large, round, regularly spaced pseudopores (average 89 per zooid), separated by approximately the width of a pseudopore, extending to zooid borders; interzooidal boundaries marked by slightly elevated rims, marginal areolar pores large to very large, some triangular. Primary orifice large, oval, wider than long (c. 0.11 × 0.15 mm), anter rounded, slightly sunken, lunula restricted to distal third of orifice, sinus a shallow rounded arc, condyles large, rectangular, not serrate. A low, thickened rim of calcification surrounding proximal side of orifice. Adventitious avicularia infrequent, sometimes one, rarely two per zooid, normally occupying a distolateral angle of the zooid proximolateral to orifice, occasionally occurring laterally, at a proximal angle or on ovicells, directed medially or to centre of frontal shield, semi-elliptical proximally, acuminate distally, curved over inflated cystid, proximal opesia very small, often slit-like, distal opesia a rounded V-shape; mandible widely triangular proximally, distal portion acicular and basally curved. Vicarious avicularia absent. Ovicell recumbent upon frontal shield of distal zooid, not crossed by suture lines, approximately circular (c. 0.3 × 0.3 mm). Orifice dimorphism not distinctive but ovicellate orifices slightly wider than autozooidal orifices (c. 0.16 mm vs 0.15 mm; Table 5). Remarks. Calyptotheca tenuata is distinguished by its relatively large dimensions, with larger zooids, orifices and pseudopores, the latter more closely spaced compared to the other species described herein, and the strongly oval orifice, wide shallow sinus, and wide, acuminate, basally curved avicularia. Calyptotheca incusa Tilbrook, 2006 has similar avicularia, but they are distolateral to the orifice; C. triquetra (Harmer, 1957) has triangular, basally curved avicularia, but they are suboral and medial. Orificial shape and condyles in these two species also differ from those of C. tenuata. Two other Calyptotheca species have narrowly triangular, medially or proximomedially directed avicularia and a large oval orifice with smooth condyles: C. perpendiculata Tilbrook, 2006 and C. rupicola Hayward & Ryland, 1995. Calyptotheca tenuata is distinguished from both by the shorter, wider (width approximately half the length; Table 5), acuminate, basally curved avicularia and smaller orificial dimensions. The avicularia of C. rupicola are rare, not occurring in pairs, bluntly triangular and long, reaching almost to the zooid centre, and the orifice is larger and more oval than that of C. tenuata (c. 0.13 × 0.19 mm [Hayward & Ryland 1995] vs 0.11 × 0.15 mm). The orifice is surrounded by well-developed nodular thickening, often more developed proximally, which forms a distinct peristomial rim (Hayward & Ryland 1995, p. 555, figs 9 F, 10 A, B). Tilbrook’s (2006) C. tenuata matches this description and C. tenuata of Ristedt & Hillmer (1985) and Scholz (1991) could also be C. rupicola. The avicularia of C. perpendiculata are also long, reaching the zooid centre but occurring at the widest part of the zooid, and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis; the orifice is very large (c. 0.17 × 0.22 mm; Tilbrook 2006, p. 222, pl. 48 C, D). Harmer’s (1957) synonymy includes specimens from Sri Lanka, the Philippines and New Caledonia but his material in NHMUK includes at least three species and the specimens of C. tenuata sensu stricto are only from Indonesia. The Amboyna material differs in having the avicularian cystid flush with the frontal shield, the rostrum flat and the mandible evenly tapered to the tip. Distribution. Calyptotheca tenuata was originally described from West Flores, Indonesia, and it is known from Indonesia, China (Liu et al. 2001) and the GoC, where it was found encrusting the habitat-providing bryozoans Steginoporella, Adeonella, Petraliella and Cigclisula at 21– 59 m. C. tenuata was the second commonest Calyptotheca species in the Gulf of Carpentaria Collection and this is the first record of C. tenuata in Australian waters.Published as part of Cumming, Robyn L. & Tilbrook, Kevin J., 2014, Six species of Calyptotheca (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata, Lanceoporidae) from the Gulf of Carpentaria and northern Australia, with description of a new species, pp. 147-169 in Zootaxa 3827 (2) on pages 160-163, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3827.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/25062
Telaprocera joanae Harmer & Framenau 2008, sp. nov.
No full textTelaprocera joanae sp. nov. (Figs 28–37) Type material. Holotype male, Lamington National Park, national park campground at Green Mountains section, Queensland, Australia, 28°13’49”S, 153°08’04”E, A.M.T. Harmer, March 2006 (QM S83008). Paratype female, same data (QM S83009). Other material examined. AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: 1 male, 1 female, 1 juvenile, Bruxner Park, Orara East State Forest, Coffs Harbour, 30°14’S, 153°06’E (SAM NN24374); 1 male, 2 females, Richmond Range, 28°59’S, 152°45’E (QM S83012). Queensland: 1 female, Boombana National Park, 27°24’S, 152°47’E (QM S65294); 4 females, 15 juveniles, Bunya Mountains National Park, Dandabah, 26°51’S, 151°34’E (QM S83006); 2 females, 2 juveniles, Crediton, 21°13’S, 148°35’E (QM S83004); 1 female, Dalrymple Heights, 21°04’S, 148°35’E (AM KS6390); 1 female, same data (AM KS0286); 1 female, Dalrymple Heights, Mt William, lower slopes, 21°01’S, 148°36’E (AM KS0361); 1 female, Eungella, schoolhouse, 21°08’S, 148°29’E (QM S69323); 1 female, Lamington National Park, 28°15’S, 153°08’E (QM S83005); same data (ZMUC); 1 female, 4 juveniles, Lamington National Park, Binna Burra, 28°12’S, 153°11’E (QM S27554); 1 male, 5 females, 13 juveniles, same data (QM S83002); 1 male, Lamington National Park, Binna Burra, Tullawallal Circuit, 28°12’S, 153°11’E (SAM NN24371); 1 male, same data (SAM NN24373); 1 female, same data (SAM NN24372); 1 male, 3 females, 1 juvenile, Lamington National Park, Nagarigoon, 28°12’S, 153°10’E (QM S83014); 1 male, Lamington National Park, national park campground, 28°13'49"S, 153°08'04"E (WAM T85242); 1 female, same data (WAM T85243); 3 males, 1 female, Lamington National Park, near O’Reillys Guesthouse, 28°14’05”S, 153°08’13”E (ZMUC); 2 males, 3 females, Lamington National Park, O’Reillys Trail, 28°14’S, 153°08’E (ZMUC); 3 males, 1 female, same data (ZMUC); 1 female, same data (QM S83007); 1 male, 2 females, Lamington National Park, Python Trail, 28°15’S, 153°08’E (ZMUC); 1 male, 1 female, Mt Deongwar, 3km S, 27°13’41”S, 152°15’36”E (QM S83003); 1 male, Mt Superbus, 28°14’S, 152°29’E (QM S83013); 1 male, Tamborine National Park, Witches Falls, 27°56’27”S, 153°10’48”E (ZMUC); 3 females, same data (ZMUC). Victoria: 1 female, Alfred National Park, 19km E Cann River, 37°32’S, 149°20’E (AM KS3649). Etymology. The species is named in memory of the senior author’s maternal grandmother, Joan Worth. Diagnosis. This species is generally smaller than T. maudae sp. nov. and is characterised by the green colouration, narrower, more tapered abdomen, with white dorsolateral humeral projections and strong scalloped pattern on the posterior lateral surface (Figs 28, 30). The median apophysis of the male pedipalp is reduced in comparison to the median apophysis of T. maudae sp. nov., and is not dish-shaped (Figs 7, 32). There is a basoembolic apophysis present (Figs 7, 8, 32), and a digitiform process originating on the terminal apophysis (Figs 9, 32, 33), both of which are lacking in T. maudae sp. nov. Females can be distinguished by the comparatively wider epigyne, which is approximately two and a half times wider than long, and the short distal portion of the scape which is curved posteriorly and partially covering the copulatory openings (Figs 11, 34, 35). Description. Holotype male (Lamington National Park, QM S83008). Carapace yellow-brown with dark band around margins and dark markings posteriorly of cephalic region (Fig. 28). Fovea triangular, apex pointed anteriorly with dark radiating pattern (Fig. 28). Black rings around eyes. Long silvery-white setae between PME. Cephalic region densely hirsute with silvery-white setae. Chelicerae light brown with four promarginal teeth, apical and second tooth from proximal end much larger than others; three retromarginal teeth, apical tooth much smaller than others. Labium dark brown proximally, fading to white distally (Fig. 29). Sternum yellow-brown with dark tinges towards margins. Abdomen with green, white and brown colouration, approximately round but strongly tapered posteriorly, longer than wide (Fig. 28). Distinct cruciform pattern, with vertical band running length of abdomen and horizontal band terminating in two pronounced white dorsolateral humeral projections (Fig. 28). Strong scalloped pattern on posterior lateral surface of abdomen. Legs yellow-brown with dark patches (Figs 28, 29). Tibiae I with short, very stout spines, arranged more or less evenly over surface, tibiae II with fewer spines. Spines less robust than in T. maudae. Median apophysis of male pedipalp approximately hatchet-shaped (Figs 7, 32). Conductor with cleft supporting embolus and basoembolic apophysis, large curled lobe adjacent to cleft (Figs 7, 32). Basoembolic apophysis subequal in size to, and running alongside embolus, inserted at base of embolus (Figs 7, 8, 32). Terminal apophysis large, sickle-shaped, with digitiform process originating approximately one third of length along from proximal end of terminal apophysis (7, 9, 33). Paratype female (Lamington National Park, QM S83009). Female somatic characters are as in male with the following exceptions: carapace paler with slight greenish tinge (Fig. 30). Row of dark macrosetae running along midline of carapace from fovea to PME. Three retromarginal teeth of similar size. Sternum yellowbrown in centre but with wide black band around margins (Fig. 31). Abdomen comparatively larger than male, as long as wide and less tapered posteriorly (Fig. 30). Epigyne in ventral view approximately two and a half times wider than long (Fig. 34), moderately hirsute. Extreme distal portion of scape curved posteriorly and partially covering copulatory openings, wide posterior plate extending from directly below distal portion of scape (Figs 11, 35). Spermathecae relatively large, spherical in shape, spaced more widely apart than in T. maudae sp. nov. (Figs 34. 36). Variation. Carapace, abdomen and legs may have stronger green colouration. This green colouration is very distinct in live specimens (Fig. 2) and fades after preservation in EtOH. Measurements. Male holotype (female paratype): total length 3.9 (4.6). Carapace length 2.2 (2.2), width 1.9 (1.8). Sternum length 0.9 (0.9), width 0.8 (0.8). Clypeus 0.13 (0.13). Eyes: AME 0.15 (0.15), ALE 0.08 (0.08), PME 0.13 (0.10), PLE 0.13 (0.1). Row of eyes: AME 0.38 (0.38), ALE 0.80 (0.85), PME 0.25 (0.28), PLE 0.95 (0.95). Legs (femur + patella/tibia + metatarsus + tarsus = total length): I 3.1 (2.3) + 3.7 (2.7) + 3.4 (2.2) + 1.2 (0.9) = 11.4 (8.1); II 2.6 (2.0) + 3.1 (2.3) + 3.0 (1.9) + 1.1 (0.9) = 9.8 (7.1); III 1.6 (1.5) + 1.7 (1.5) + 1.2 (0.9) + 0.7 (0.6) = 5.1 (4.5); IV 1.9 (1.7) + 2.0 (1.8) + 1.6 (1.4) + 0.7 (0.6) = 6.2 (5.5). Distribution. This species occurs along the east coast of Australia and is most often collected in southeast Queensland and in the Richmond Ranges in the northeast of New South Wales (Fig. 37). Spiders have been collected as far north as Dalrymple Heights in Queensland, and as far south as Victoria, with a single specimen collected from Alfred National Park in far east Gippsland. The distribution overlaps with T. maudae sp. nov. in some areas, with large populations of both species occurring sympatrically in Lamington National Park. This species also tends to be collected at areas of higher altitude along the Great Dividing Range. Life history. The life history characteristics of T. joanae sp. nov. are similar to those of T. maudae sp. nov. The webs of the two species are indistinguishable in the field, and are often found on the same tree.Published as part of Harmer, Aaron M. T. & Framenau, Volker W., 2008, Telaprocera (Araneae: Araneidae), a new genus of Australian orb-web spiders with highly elongated webs, pp. 59-80 in Zootaxa 1956 (1) on pages 75-79, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1956.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/524107
Smittipora cordiformis Harmer 1926
No full textSmittipora cordiformis Harmer, 1926 (Figs 2C, 4 D–F; Table 3) Smittipora cordiformis Harmer, 1926 (part): p. 260, pl. 16, figs 14–18. Hayward & Ryland, 1995: p. 543, fig. 6c. Tilbrook et al., 2001: p. 52, fig. 6g. Tilbrook, 2006: p. 74, pl. 12a. Dick & Grischenko, 2017: p. 167, figs a, b. Material examined. TAB 10 from station JP 01-1. Description Colony unilaminar, encrusting, sheet-like (Fig. 4D), operculum dark brown. Autozooids distinct, hexagonal to irregularly polygonal, longer than wide. Cryptocyst extensive, concave, uniformly granulated. Opesia longer than wide, D-shaped (Fig. 4F). Avicularia interzooidal (Fig. 4E), shorter and narrower than autozooids, opesia elongate, somewhat oblong, with granular cryptocyst, distal margin smooth and proximal border denticulate. Remarks. The distinctive characters of Smittipora cordiformis are also seen in a closely similar Miocene fossil from Borneo, Indonesia (Di Martino & Taylor 2014). The species differs from Smittipora acutirostris Canu & Bassler, 1928 (Brazil and Caribbean) in the acute distal tips of avicularia. Distribution. Smittipora cordiformis was originally collected by the Siboga Expedition from Flores Island and Sulawesi (Harmer 1916). It is broadly distributed in the Indo-West Pacific, including the Great Barrier Reef (Hayward & Ryland 1995), Vanuatu (Tilbrook et al. 2001), Solomon Islands (Tilbrook 2006) and Okinawa (Dick & Grischenko 2017).Published as part of Asagabaldan, M. A., Bourgougnon, N., Bedoux, G., Kristiana, R., Ayuningrum, D., Widyananto, P. A., Muchlissin, S. I., Magueresse, A., Sabdono, A., Trianto, A. & Sa, O. K. Radja-, 2019, Some Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) from the Java Sea, central Indonesian Archipelago with a description of Pleurocodonellina jeparaensis n. sp. (Smittinidae), pp. 329-342 in Zootaxa 4668 (3) on pages 334-335, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4668.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/344953
Telaprocera Harmer & Framenau 2008, gen. nov.
No full textTelaprocera gen. nov. Type species. Telaprocera maudae sp. nov., designated here. Etymology. The genus name Telaprocera is formed by joining the Latin words tela, meaning web, and procerus, meaning long or tall. This name describes the remarkable elongated web built by the two species within this genus. The gender is feminine. Diagnosis. Telaprocera gen. nov. shares with the Argiopinae (Argiope, Gea and Neogea) the procurved row of the posterior eyes, although the degree of this curvature ranges from almost straight to noticeably procurved (Figs 18, 20, 28, 30). A distinct, heavily sclerotised dorsal ‘keel’ on the cymbium of the male pedipalp serves as a putative synapomorphy of the genus and differentiates Telaprocera gen. nov. from all other currently known genera within the Argiopinae (and other Araneidae) (Figs 5, 23, 33). Males also differ from the Argiopinae by the presence of a distinct terminal apophysis (Figs 4, 7, 9, 22, 23, 32, 33). Females differ from the Argiopinae in the presence of a scape, although it is very simple, short, and poorly differentiated (Figs 10, 11, 24, 25, 35). In addition, the epigynes lack the transverse rim and lateral depressions of the Argiopinae. In contrast to all other argiopine spiders, which build circular, often decorated, orb-webs, Telaprocera gen. nov. build elongated ladder-webs without decorations (Fig. 3). Description. Small to medium sized araneids (TL 3.5–7), males of similar size as females but with comparatively longer legs and narrower abdomens (Figs 18–21, 28–31). Carapace moderately domed, pearshaped in dorsal view, and slightly longer than wide; moderately hirsute, particularly around eye region. AE row straight, PE row almost straight to distinctly procurved (Figs 18, 20, 28, 30). Clypeus less than or equal to the diameter of AME. AME larger than PME, PLE larger than ALE. Median ocular area narrower posteriorly than anteriorly. PME with centralised canoe-shaped tapetum. Abdomen in dorsal view approximately round, more tapered posteriorly in T. joanae sp. nov. (Figs 18, 20, 28, 30). Distinct white dorsolateral humeral projections (T. joanae sp. nov.) or white unraised dorsolateral patches may be present (T. maudae sp. nov.) (Figs 18, 20, 28, 30). Tibiae I and II with short, very stout spines, arranged linearly in T. maudae sp. nov. Male T. maudae sp. nov. tibiae II with fewer spines. Leg formula I> II> IV> III. Male pedipalp patellae with one long macroseta. Cymbium of pedipalp with dorsal keel adjacent to paracymbium (Figs 5, 23, 33). Median apophysis smooth without prongs, flagella, spurs, serrations or other modifications, comparatively smaller in T. joanae sp. nov. (Figs 4, 7, 22, 32). Conductor with lobes of variable shape. Embolic division highly variable between both species, simple in T. maudae sp. nov. (Figs 4, 22), but with basoembolic apophysis and digitiform process in T. joanae sp. nov. (Figs 7, 32, 33). Epigyne heavily sclerotised, as wide as long in T. maudae sp. nov. (Fig. 24) or wider than long in T. joanae sp. nov. (Fig. 34). Scape not well differentiated, forming a blunt, posterior protrusion. Extreme distal portion of scape tapered and folded either anteriorly or posteriorly (Figs 10, 11, 24, 25, 35). Spermathecae globular, copulatory ducts short (Figs 26, 36).Published as part of Harmer, Aaron M. T. & Framenau, Volker W., 2008, Telaprocera (Araneae: Araneidae), a new genus of Australian orb-web spiders with highly elongated webs, pp. 59-80 in Zootaxa 1956 (1) on pages 67-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1956.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/524107
Cardiopulmonary bypass temperature and brain function
No full textA debate has emerged in recently published studies about the optimum cardiopulmonary bypass temperature for good neurological outcome - warm vs. cold, i.e. normothermic vs. hypothermic. Although many comparative studies have been performed, the results of these studies are inconclusive and are difficult to interpret. Brain function has been studied in terms of neurological and neuropsychological outcome, protein S100β levels as a marker of brain damage, and cerebral oxygenation using jugular bulb oximetry and near-infrared spectroscopy. The studies produce no conclusive proof of the superiority of warm or cold cardiopulmonary bypass. However, it appears that any degree of bypass hypothermia (< 35 °C) may protect the brain. On the other hand, even a slight increase in bypass temperature to > 37 °C may cause marked brain injury.</p
Information entropy and Parrondo's discrete-time ratchet
No full textGregory P. Harmer, Derek Abbott, Peter G. Taylor, Charles E. M. Pearce and Juan M. R. Parrond
Parrondo's paradoxical games and the discrete Brownian ratchet
No full textGregory P. Harmer, Derek Abbott, Peter G. Taylor and Juan M. R. Parrond
Telaprocera maudae Harmer & Framenau 2008, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Telaprocera maudae</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs 18–27)</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype male, Lamington National Park, national park campground at Green Mountains section, Queensland, Australia, 28°13’49”S, 153°08’04”E, A.M.T. Harmer, March 2006 (QM S83010). Paratype female, same data (QM S83011).</p> <p> <b>Other material examined.</b> <b>AUSTRALIA: New South Wales:</b> 1 male, Bruxner Park, 30°18’S, 153°07’E (QM S83036); 1 male, Bruxner Park, Orara East State Forest, Coffs Harbour, 30°14’S, 153°06’E (SAM NN24378); 1 female, same data, (SAM NN24379); 1 female, same data, (SAM NN24380); 1 female, Jamberoo Mountain, 34°39’S, 150°47’E (AM KS34169); 1 male, O’Sullivans Gap Rest area, Bullahdelah State Forest, 32°24’S, 152°15’E (SAM NN24377); 1 female, Richmond Range, 28°20’S, 152°55’E (QM S83025); 1 female, Royal National Park, 34°08’S, 151°04’E (AM KS10777); 1 female, ‘ Scalloway’, Willowvale, via Gerringong, 34°44’S, 150°47’E (AM KS81895); 2 females, 1 juvenile, same data (AM KS92767); 1 female, same data (AM KS81893); 1 female, 3 juveniles, Stotts Island, Tweed River, 28°14’S, 153°31’E (QM S83015); 1 female, Yabbra State Forest, 28°40’S, 152°45’E (QM S19477). <b>Queensland:</b> 1 male, Atherton Plateau, Rose Gums Wilderness Retreat, 12.4 km 059 ENE of Malanda (ZMUC); 1 male, 1 female, 1 juvenile, Bakers Blue Mountain, 17km W Mt Molloy, 16°42’S, 145°10’E (QM S34071); 1 female, Bellenden Ker, 17°16’S, 145°51’E (QM S26340); 1 male, 1 female, Bellenden Ker, Massey Range, 4km W of centre, 17°16’S, 145°49’E (QM S83470); 1 male, Boloumba Creek (QM S83023); 1 female, Boombana National Park, 27°24’8’’S, 152°47’22’’E (QM S65295); 1 female, 5 juveniles, Bulburin State Forest, 24°30’S, 151°35’E (QM S83024); 4 females, 17 juveniles, Bunya Mountains National Park, Dandabah, 26°53’S, 151°37’E (QM S83028); 1 male, 1 female, Bunya Mountains National Park, near Mt Krangarow, 26°51’S, 151°34’E (QM S83021); 1 male, Cathedral Tree, 17°12’S, 145°40’E (QM S43277); 1 female, 4 juveniles, Danbulla Scientific Reserve, 17°12’S, 145°40’E (QM S46448); 1 female, Danbulla State Forest, 17°10’S, 145°36’E (ZMUC); 1 female, Jimna Fire Tower, 26°40’S, 152°27’E (QM S69352); 1 male, 1 female, Kroombit Tops, Beauty Spot 98, 24°22’S, 151°01’E (QM S83037); 2 males, 6 females, 5 juveniles, Kroombit Tops, Three Moon Creek, 24°22’S, 151°01’E (QM S83027); 1 female, 1 juvenile, Kroombit Tops, Upper Kroombit Creek, 24°25’S, 151°03’E (QM S83033); 1 male, Lamington National Park, Binna Burra, 28°12’S, 153°11’E (QM S80483); 1 male, same data (SAM NN24375); 1 female, same data, (SAM NN24376); 2 females, Lamington National Park, Daves Creek Country, 28°15’S, 153°08’E (QM S83035); 1 female, 1 juvenile, Lamington National Park, Nagarigoon, 28°12’S, 153°10’E (QM S83026); 1 male, Lamington National Park, national park campground, 28°13’49”S, 153°08’04”E (WAM T85240); 1 female, same data, 28°13’49”S, 153°08’04”E (WAM T85241); 1 female, Lamington National Park, O’Reillys, 28°14’S, 153°08’E (QM S83029); 1 female, Lamington National Park, O’Reillys Trail, 28°15’S, 153°09’E (ZMUC); 1 female, 2 juveniles, Majors Mountain, 17°38’S, 145°32’E (QM S83020); 1 male, Majors Mountain, Vine Creek Road, 17°40’58’’S, 145°32’02’’E (QM S60261); 1 female, Mt Bartle Frere, 17°23’S, 145°49’E (QM S77008); 2 males, 1 female, Mt Deongwar, 3km S, 27°13’41”S, 152°15’36”E (QM S54190); 2 females, Mt Elliot National Park, Upper North Creek, 19°29’S, 146°58’E (QM S83031); 1 female, 3 juveniles, Mt Finnigan, 15°49’S, 145°17’E (QM S83032); 1 female, 2 juveniles, Mt Goonaneman, near Childers, 25°26’S, 152°8’E (QM S83030), 1 male, Mt Graham, 8km N Abergowrie, 18°24’S, 145°52’E (QM S83034); 2 females, Mt Spurgeon, 4km NNE, Stewart Creek, 16°24’S, 145°13’E (QM S58683); 1 female, Mt Spurgeon, Sandy Creek, 16°28’S, 145°12’E (QM S43342); 1 male, Peeramon Scrub, 17°19’S, 145°37’E (QM S38133); 1 male, 19 juveniles, Searys Scrub, Cooloola National Park, 26°12’S, 153°03’E (QM S83022); 2 females, 3 juveniles, Swan Creek, Main River, 28°8’S, 152°20’E (QM S47139); 2 females, Tamborine National Park, Witches Falls, 27°56’27’’S, 153°10’48’’E (ZMUC); 1 female, same data (ZMUC); 1 female, The Crater, 25°03’S, 148°24’E (QM S83019); 1 female, The Crater, Mount Hypipamee National Park, 17°25’29”S, 145°29’00”E (AM KS53314); 1 male, Upper Brookfield, 27°30’S, 152°55’E (QM S83016); 1 male, 8 juveniles, same data (QM S83017); 3 males, 3 females, 12 juveniles, same data (QM S83018); 2 males, 2 females, Upper Leichardt Creek, 16°35’S, 145°16’E (QM S43165); 2 males, same data (QM S75213); 1 female, 2 juveniles, same data (QM S75262); 1 female, Windsor Tableland, 1.2km past barracks, 16°15’S, 145°02’E (QM S54009); 1 male, Windsor Tableland, barracks, 16°16’S, 145°03’E (QM S43980).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species is named in memory of the senior author’s paternal grandmother, Maud Harmer.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> This species is the larger of the two within the genus. However, in some instances sizes overlap, with smaller <i>T. maudae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> adults being approximately the same size as large <i>T. joanae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> adult females. Males have a large, shallow dish-shaped median apophysis, and a comparatively shorter, curved terminal apophysis (Figs 4, 22, 23), in contrast to <i>T. joanae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> in which the median apophysis is much smaller (Figs 7, 32), and the terminal apophysis is larger with a digitiform process (Figs 9, 32, 33). Females of <i>T. maudae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> are distinguished by a narrower epigyne, with the short, distal portion of the scape angled anteriorly, back away from the copulatory openings (Figs 10, 24, 25), in contrast to <i>T. joanae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> in which the epigyne is wider than long and the distal portion angled posteriorly (Figs 11, 35).</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> <i>Holotype male</i> (Lamington National Park, QM S83010). Carapace orange-brown with darker bands around margins and posterior of cephalic region (Fig. 18). Fovea triangular with apex pointing anteriorly, and with a dark radiating pattern (Fig. 18). Moderately hirsute with fine white setae, more dense around carapace margins and eye region. Black rings around eyes. Chelicerae dark orange-brown with four promarginal teeth, apical tooth separated by width of one tooth, second tooth from proximal end much larger than others; three retromarginal teeth of similar size. Labium dark brown proximally, fading to white distally (Fig. 19). Sternum light brown with dark brown margin (Fig. 19). Abdomen dark brown, approximately round, but slightly tapered posteriorly, slightly longer than wide (Fig. 18). Small white markings on dorsal anterior surface of abdomen (Fig. 18). Indistinct horizontal band across abdomen posterior to small white markings, darker brown anteriorly of band, lighter brown posteriorly (Fig. 18). White dorsolateral patches visible at the ends of the horizontal band (Fig. 18). Faint scalloped markings visible on posterior lateral surface of abdomen. Legs pale yellow-brown with dark patches (Figs 18, 19). Tibiae I prolateral surface with a row of five short, very stout spines, tibiae II prolateral surface with two spines distally. Pedipalps with large dishshaped median apophysis (Figs 4, 22). Conductor elongate with cleft supporting short embolus, and proximal lobe adjacent to cleft (Figs 4, 22). Terminal apophysis short and curved basally (Figs 4, 22, 23).</p> <p> <i>Paratype female</i> (Lamington National Park, QM S83011). Female somatic characters are as in male with the following exceptions: chelicerae with four promarginal teeth, apical tooth not separate as in male, apical tooth and second tooth from proximal end much larger than others. Abdomen much larger, more rounded, less tapered posteriorly, wider than long (Fig. 20). Tibiae I prolateral surface with a row of six short, very stout spines, tibiae II prolateral surface with a row of five spines. Epigyne in ventral view approximately as wide as long (Fig. 24), moderately hirsute. Small distal portion of scape curved back anteriorly away from copulatory openings, indistinct median septum continuous with small posterior plate (Figs 10, 25). Spermathecae relatively large, spherical in shape (Figs 24, 26).</p> <p> <i>Variation</i>. Carapace may be pale yellow-brown instead of orange-brown, abdomen may be lighter brown, sometimes with greenish tinges. Small white markings on dorsal anterior surface of abdomen more pronounced in some individuals. White dorsolateral patches on abdomen may not be present in some individuals, scalloped pattern on abdomen posterior lateral surface may be more pronounced in some individuals. Male tibiae II variable in number of spines but less than tibiae I.</p> <p> <b>Measurements.</b> Male holotype (female paratype): total length 5.6 (7.0). Carapace length 3.2 (3.4), width 2.7 (2.9). Sternum length 1.4 (1.5), width 1.2 (1.3). Clypeus 0.18 (0.20). Eyes: AME 0.20 (0.18), ALE 0.10 (0.10), PME 0.15 (0.15), PLE 0.14 (0.14). Row of eyes: AME 0.57 (0.60), ALE 1.17 (1.32), PME 0.45 (0.45), PLE 1.37 (1.52). Legs (femur + patella/tibia + metatarsus + tarsus = total length): I 4.3 (3.5) + 5.0 (4.2) + 3.8 (2.8) + 1.1 (1.0) = 14.2 (11.8); II 3.4 (3.0) + 3.9 (3.6) + 3.0 (2.5) + 1.1 (1.0) = 11.4 (10.1); III 2.2 (2.1) + 2.0 (2.1) + 1.5 (1.2) + 0.9 (0.9) = 6.6 (6.3); IV 2.6 (2.6) + 2.6 (2.8) + 2.0 (2.0) + 0.8 (0.9) = 8.0 (8.3).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> This species is found along the east coast of Australia from Mt Finnigan in far north Queensland, to Willowvale in southeast New South Wales (Fig. 27), although it appears to occur more frequently in Queensland. It is often collected from areas of higher altitude along the Great Dividing Range.</p> <p> <b>Life history.</b> <i>Telaprocera maudae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> of all ages, from first instar to adult, are found year round in at least some parts of the species’ distribution, such as Lamington National Park in southeast Queensland. There appear to be overlapping generations in this area, however, the phenology in other parts of the distribution is unknown. The ladder-webs of these spiders range from about two to seven times taller than wide, and are always built against the trunk of a tree. Webs are not rebuilt every night, but only after several days, presumably when there is substantial damage, or when the silk is no longer sticky. Webs are generally built early in the evening, although webs were occasionally observed being built closer to dawn. The spiders emerge from hiding at dusk and remain at the hub of the web until dawn, only moving in response to prey that has become entangled in the web. Adult males occasionally build webs and are also found sitting at the top of adult female webs. It is uncertain whether these males are guarding recently mated females, or waiting for females to become sexually receptive.</p>Published as part of <i>Harmer, Aaron M. T. & Framenau, Volker W., 2008, Telaprocera (Araneae: Araneidae), a new genus of Australian orb-web spiders with highly elongated webs, pp. 59-80 in Zootaxa 1956 (1)</i> on pages 70-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1956.1.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5241075">http://zenodo.org/record/5241075</a>
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