1,721,253 research outputs found

    A Versatile Resource - The Procurement and Use of Soapstone in Norway and The North Atlantic Region

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    Soapstone is a remarkable rock. While it is very workable due to a high content of talc, the softest known mineral in existence, it is also durable, heat-resistant and has a high heat storage capacity. These properties have been recognised and valued since prehistory across the world and soapstone has been used for a very broad range of products. This book addresses soapstone use in Norway and the North Atlantic region, including Greenland (here: the North). Although the majority of papers deal with the Iron Age and Middle Ages, the book spans the Mesolithic to the early modern era, dealing with themes related to quarries, products and associated people and institutions in a wide sense. Recent years have seen a revival of basic archaeological and geological research into the procurement and use of stone resources. With authors from the fields of archaeology, geosciences and traditional crafts, this anthology reflects cross-disciplinary work grown out of this revival

    Soapstone Vessels from Town and Country in Viking Age and Early Medieval Western Norway. A Study of Provenance

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    In this study geological and archaeological data and analytic methods are combined and explored to find the geological source for 146 late Iron Age/Viking Age and early medieval soapstone vessels from the Hordaland region and the town of Bergen in western Norway. The dataset comprises archaeological and geological data relating to the vessels and to 38 soapstone quarries in the Hordaland region. The geological datasets are major and trace element and rare earth element data, as well as the geological setting of the Hordaland region. The archaeological datasets comprise information on the temporal and spatial contexts of the vessels and the quarries. The geochemical datasets are studied and categories established of geochemically based matches made between vessels and quarries. The reliability of these categories of match is then critically assessed through the application of other datasets. Subsequently, the match between individual vessels and regional quarries is given a provenance point-score that reflects the reliability of the provenance result. Through the interdisciplinary efforts provenancing results are obtained for 131 vessels. The success rate is thus high. The immediate social and historical implications of the provenancing results are briefly elaborated upon: previously undated quarries are now tentatively dated through vessel match; distinct quarry-districts that were in use during the late Iron Age/Viking Age and the early Medieval period have been discerned, and the contours of the organisation of the regional production of and trade in soapstone vessels during the Viking Age and the early Middle Ages are recognised. Finally, it is shown that late Iron Age/Viking Age rural households received vessels from areas from outside the Hordaland region to a much lesser degree than their early medieval urban counterparts

    Mislæste Luther vitterlig Paulus? Arvesynd og filosofi i tidlig jødisk eksegese

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    Abstract: The celebration of the reformation has left historicallyminded New Testament scholars in a state of embarrassment.Since Krister Stendahl’s seminal article from 1963, “The ApostlePaul and the Introspective Consciousness of the West”, the prevailingunderstanding among scholars subscribing to The New Perspectiveon Paul has been that Luther (1483 – 1546) misunderstoodthe apostle: He read Paul’s letters through a fine-mashed Augustinianfilter. Especially Luther’s use of the concept ‘original sin’ inhis exegesis of Pauls’ letters has been condemned as an illegitimateeis-egesis. However, as a pragmatic missionary, so goes Stendahl’sargument against Luther’s reading, Paul was not interested in developinga universal anthropology, but in solving the social problemsthat the acceptance of the Gospel among Gentiles created.Nevertheless, this article challenges the strong focus on ethnicityin contemporary Pauline scholarship. The argument proceeds intwo steps. First, it demonstrates that although solus Christus, solafides etc. to the young Luther constituted the answer, a close readingof his lecture on Rom 7 reveals that the question with whichhe struggled concerned the desire inherent in the flesh. Second,attention is drawn to the fact that in the Jewish philosopher andexegete Philo’s allegorical exposition of the fall narrative in Gen1-3, we find a well-developed and philosophically reflected conceptof ‘original sin’. Thus, the idea of a sexually transmitted sinfuldesire goes back to the intellectual milieu in the context throughwhich we often read Paul’s correspondence. Together, these twosteps make possible a reevaluation of Luther’s exegesis of the Paul’sletters
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