196,701 research outputs found
The management of neuropsychiatric lupus in the 21st century: Still so many unmet needs?
No full textNeuropsychiatric (NP) events occur in the majority of patients with SLE and predominantly affect the CNS in addition to the peripheral and autonomic systems. Approximately 30% of all NP events are attributable to SLE (NPSLE) and present most frequently around the time of SLE onset. NPSLE is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and the proposed pathogenesis includes both ischaemic and neuroinflammatory mechanisms. Following diagnosis and causal attribution, the treatment of NPSLE is tailored to the type of NP event, the predominant putative pathogenic pathway and the activity and severity of the clinical event. There is a dearth of controlled clinical trials to guide management, but therapeutic options include symptomatic, antithrombotic and immunosuppressive agents that are supported by observational cohort studies. Our objective was to review what is currently known about NPSLE and to identify deficiencies in diagnostic biomarkers, novel therapies and clinical trials for this manifestation of SLE
Changing travel behaviour
No full textTSU:
The Transport Studies Unit, established
since 1973 at Oxford University, was
awarded the status of a designated
research centre of the ESRC from 1994 to
2004. The research programme, initially
focussed on traffic growth and the
development of dynamic methodologies,
was launched at a Linacre Lecture in
Oxford which attracted much press
attention for its comments on induced
traffic. The Unit transferred to University
College London in January 1996. After a
successful mid-term review, the second
five year programme focussed on the
process of behavioural change and
appraisal tools.
ESRC funding and designation came to an
end in September 2004 with an
exceptionally well-attended final event in
London on ‘Changing Travel Behaviour’,
which constituted a suitably unifying
theme bringing together a large proportion
of the Unit’s research projects.
Appreciations were given by many of the
leading stakeholders in transport policy
and research, with an audience of over 400
academics and practitioners.
Shortly after, the ESRC Transport Studies
Unit disbanded as an entity. The seven
researchers who had carried out the
programme are now continuing their
activities at six different locations in three
countries, though maintaining contact and
continuing to disseminate and extend the
results of the ten years work. Transport
research of course continues at both
Oxford University (TSU in the School of
Geography) and UCL (CTS in the
Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering).
The ambiguity of ‘changing’:
The phrase ‘changing travel behaviour’ is
ambiguous – changing as a description of
what actually happens, and changing as an
active intent by public or private agencies.
The twin underlying propositions are that
travel behaviour does change, and by
understanding this travel behaviour can be
changed.
There is a third, implied statement, that
travel behaviour should be changed. This
goes beyond the research programme. All
three statements are controversial, but the
controversies are resolved by different
methods, from empirical and theoretical
analysis to public debate. All three
underpin the need to understand the
processes of behavioural change, and to
incorporate this understanding in the tools
for appraising both transport investment
and – as became apparent during the
period of the research – other transport
policies as well.
The logical structure used for this report
(in part developed retrospectively in the
course of planning for the TSU final
event) has five parts: (1) establish the
nature of the changes in travel behaviour
that have actually happened; (2) consider
the specific effects of two of the most
important general influences, namely
income, and demographic forces; (3)
2
consider the evidence on the effect of
transport policy, including both
investment and non-investment initiatives.
Those studied include new opportunities
such as park-and-ride, increases and
reductions in road capacity, increases and
reductions in public transport fares and
motoring costs, the effects of soft
measures such as travel plans and
information provision; (4) consider some
theoretical and practical understanding of
the nature of changes in behaviour; (5) discuss the policy implications of the wor
Les batailles d'Honorat Bovet. Essai de biographie
No full textMillet Hélène, Hanly Michael. Les batailles d'Honorat Bovet. Essai de biographie. In: Romania, tome 114 n°453-454, 1996. pp. 135-181
Volatility of car ownership, commutingmode and time in the UK
No full textThis paper has two objectives: to examine the volatility of travel behaviour over timeand consider the factors explaining this volatility; and to estimate the factors determiningcar ownership and commuting by car. The analysis is based on observations of individualsand households over a period of up to eleven years obtained from the British HouseholdPanel Survey (BHPS). Changes in car ownership, commuting mode and commuting timeover a period of years for the same individuals/households are examined to determine theextent to which these change from year to year. This volatility of individual behaviour is ameasure of the ease of change or adaptation. If behaviour changes easily, policy measuresare likely to have a stronger and more rapid effect than if there is more resistance tochange. The changes are ?explained? in terms of factors such as moving house, changingjob and employment status. The factors determining car ownership and commuting by carare analysed using a dynamic panel-data models
Hedging Effectiveness under Conditions of Asymmetry
No full textWe examine whether hedging effectiveness is affected by asymmetry in the return distribution by applying tail specific metrics to compare the hedging effectiveness of short and long hedgers using Oil futures contracts. The metrics used include Lower Partial Moments (LPM), Value at Risk (VaR) and Conditional Value at Risk (CVAR). Comparisons are applied to a number of hedging strategies including OLS and both Symmetric and Asymmetric GARCH models. Our findings show that asymmetry reduces in-sample hedging performance and that there are significant differences in hedging performance between short and long hedgers. Thus, tail specific performance metrics should be applied in evaluating hedging effectiveness. We also find that the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model provides consistently good performance across different measures of hedging effectiveness and estimation methods irrespective of the characteristics of the underlying distribution.Hedging Performance; Asymmetry; Downside Risk; Value at Risk, Conditional Value at Risk. JEL classification: G10, G12, G15. ____________________________________________________________________ John Cotter, Director of Centre for Financial Markets, Department of Banking and Finance, University College Dublin, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, tel 353 1 716 8900, e-mail [email protected]. Jim Hanly, School of Accounting and Finance, Dublin Institute of Technology, tel 353 1 402 3180, e-mail [email protected]. The authors would like to thank the participants at the Global Finance Annual Conference for their constructive comments.
Time-varying risk aversion : an application to energy hedging
No full textRisk aversion is a key element of utility maximizing hedge strategies; however, it has
typically been assigned an arbitrary value in the literature. This paper instead applies a GARCH-in-Mean (GARCH-M) model to estimate a time-varying measure of risk
aversion that is based on the observed risk preferences of energy hedging market
participants. The resulting estimates are applied to derive explicit risk aversion based
optimal hedge strategies for both short and long hedgers. Out-of-sample results are
also presented based on a unique approach that allows us to forecast risk aversion,
thereby estimating hedge strategies that address the potential future needs of energy
hedgers. We find that the risk aversion based hedges differ significantly from simpler
OLS hedges. When implemented in-sample, risk aversion hedges for short hedgers
outperform the OLS hedge ratio in a utility based comparison
Interference Cancellation in Groups
No full textIntroduction Consider a multi-user white noise channel of bandwidth W Hz, white noise spectral density j 2 , with M users all received at power P , all requiring the same rate R bits/sec. It is well known that that there is a Shannon capacity for the channel and that it is achievable by FDMA. It is well known that the capacity can also be achieved by an interference cancellation procedure that involves M 2 cancellations, and Rimoldi and Urbanke [3] have recently shown that it is achievable with at most 2M cancellation steps. In the present paper we show that we can achieve rates arbitrarily close to capacity with O(1) cancellation steps in the particular case of equal powers and equal rates. The results in the present paper first appeared in Hanly [1]. II. Interference cancellation It is well known that the equ
Land use and mobility
No full textThis paper analyses the effects of land use characteristics on mode choice and carownership. The study is based on a large sample of individuals from the National TravelSurvey of Great Britain for the years 1989-91 and 1999-2001. Land use characteristics aredefined as population density, size of the municipality, accessibility to public transport andlocal amenities, such as shops and services. Mode choice (shares of total travel by car,public transport and walking) and car ownership are modelled using multinomial andbinomial logit models respectively, which include a large number of socio-economicfactors (income, age, gender, household structure and employment status) as well as landuse indicators. The estimation results strongly support the importance of the land usefactors considered on mode choice and car ownership
A Utility Based Approach to Energy Hedging
No full textA key issue in the estimation of energy hedges is the hedgers’ attitude towards risk which is encapsulated in the form of the hedgers’ utility function. However, the literature typically uses only one form of utility function such as the quadratic when estimating hedges. This paper addresses this issue by estimating and applying energy market based risk aversion to commonly applied utility functions including log, exponential and quadratic, and we incorporate these in our hedging frameworks. We find significant differences in the optimal hedge strategies based on the utility function chosen.Energy; Hedging; Risk Management; Risk Aversion; Forecasting
Teaching Health Data Science through Experiential Learning: The Datathon Approach
No full text[EN] This paper describes the design and implementation of an annual health data science datathon aimed at teaching practical skills in health analytics to undergraduate and postgraduate university students. Datathons provide an experiential learning environment where students work in teams to analyse real-world health data and propose solutions to current challenges in the field. The steps to design and execute the datathon are outlined, covering data, partnerships, task design, and rubric development. We discuss the educational benefits of formalising research questions, working in groups, programming, and presenting findings. Growing access to electronic health data combined with the availability of free and opensource analysis platforms and libraries, and cheap cloud compute power make datathons a universally accessible learning experience.Perez-Concha, O.;Hanly, M. (2025). Teaching Health Data Science through Experiential Learning: The Datathon Approach. En Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, . https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAd25.2025.20096OCS43244
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